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European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Apr 2019Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs) are used to overcome non-compliance in psychoses, mainly schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We aimed to summarize available... (Review)
Review
Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics (LAIs) are used to overcome non-compliance in psychoses, mainly schizophrenia spectrum disorders. We aimed to summarize available evidence of studies comparing the efficacy of LAIs to placebo or oral medications for Bipolar Disorder (BD) and/or Schizoaffective Disorder (SAD). We searched six databases from inception to 28-March-2018, using the strategy: long-acting antipsychotics AND (bipolar disorder OR schizoaffective disorder OR mania OR manic OR bipolar depression). We included peer-reviewed double-blind comparisons of LAIs for any clinical outcome occurrence in BD, or open mirror studies with same prospective as retrospective assessment periods. We excluded studies reporting on mixed schizophrenia/SAD populations without reporting results separately. The pooled records amounted to 642. After duplicate removal and inclusion/exclusion criteria application, we included 15 studies, 6 double-blind and 9 open, 13 assessing BD and 2 SAD. Depot neuroleptics prevented manic, but not depressive recurrences and may worsen depressive symptoms. Risperidone long-acting injectable was found to be effective in protecting from any mood/manic symptom compared to placebo, but not from depressive recurrences. Add-on or monotherapy paliperidone palmitate in SAD patients protected from psychotic, depressive, and manic symptoms. In patients with BD-I with a manic episode at study enrolment, aripiprazole monohydrate significantly delayed time to recurrence of manic episodes without inducing depressive episodes. LAIs are effective and well-tolerated maintenance treatments for BD and SAD. They showed better efficacy in preventing mania than depression. LAIs may be first-line for BD-I and SAD patients with a manic predominant polarity and with non-adherence problems.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Bipolar Disorder; Delayed-Action Preparations; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Psychotic Disorders; Recurrence
PubMed: 30770235
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2019.02.003 -
Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue... Oct 2022To determine the efficacy and safety of blue-light therapy in seasonal and non-seasonal major depressive disorder (MDD), by comparison to active and inactive control... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To determine the efficacy and safety of blue-light therapy in seasonal and non-seasonal major depressive disorder (MDD), by comparison to active and inactive control conditions.
METHODS
We searched Web of Science, EMBASE, Medline, PsycInfo, and Clinicaltrials.gov through January 17, 2022, for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using search terms for blue/blue-enhanced, light therapy, and depression/seasonal affective disorder. Two independent reviewers extracted data. The primary outcome was the difference in endpoint scores on the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - Seasonal Affective Disorder (SIGH-SAD) or the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale with Atypical Depression Supplement (SIGH-ADS) between blue light and comparison conditions. Secondary outcomes were response (≥ 50% improvement from baseline to endpoint on a depression scale) and remission rates (endpoint score in the remission range).
RESULTS
Of 582 articles retrieved, we included nine RCTs ( = 347 participants) assessing blue-light therapy. Seven studies had participants with seasonal MDD and two studies included participants with non-seasonal MDD. Four studies compared blue light to an inactive light condition (efficacy studies), and five studies compared it to an active condition (comparison studies). For the primary outcome, a meta-analysis with random-effects models found no evidence for the efficacy of blue-light conditions compared to inactive conditions (mean difference [MD] = 2.43; 95% confidence interval [CI], -1.28 to 6.14, = 0.20); however, blue-light also showed no differences compared to active conditions (MD = -0.11; 95% CI, -2.38 to 2.16, = 0.93). There were no significant differences in response and remission rates between blue-light conditions and inactive or active light conditions. Blue-light therapy was overall well-tolerated.
CONCLUSIONS
The efficacy of blue-light therapy in the treatment of seasonal and non-seasonal MDD remains unproven. Future trials should be of longer duration, include larger sample sizes, and attempt to better standardize the parameters of light therapy.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Phototherapy; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Seasonal Affective Disorder
PubMed: 35522196
DOI: 10.1177/07067437221097903 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2021Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness),...
Emotional dysregulation (ED) is a transdiagnostic construct defined as the inability to regulate the intensity and quality of emotions (such as, fear, anger, sadness), in order to generate an appropriate emotional response, to handle excitability, mood instability, and emotional overreactivity, and to come down to an emotional baseline. Because ED has not been defined as a clinical entity, and because ED plays a major role in child and adolescent psychopathology, we decided to summarize current knowledge on this topic based on a narrative review of the current literature. This narrative review is based on a literature search of peer-reviewed journals. We searched the databases ERIC, PsycARTICLES, PsycINFO and PSYNDEX on June 2, 2020 for peer reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2020 in English language for the preschool, school, and adolescent age (2-17 years) using the following search terms: "emotional dysregulation" OR "affect dysregulation," retrieving 943 articles. The results of the literature search are presented in the following sections: the relationship between ED and psychiatric disorders (ADHD, Mood Disorders, Psychological Trauma, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Non-suicidal Self-Injury, Eating Disorders, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, Conduct Disorder, Disruptive Disruptive Mood Dysregulation Disorder, Personality Disorders, Substance Use Disorder, Developmental Disorders, Autism Spectrum Disorder, Psychosis and Schizophrenia, and Gaming Disorder), prevention, and treatment of ED. Basic conditions of ED are genetic disposition, the experience of trauma, especially sexual or physical abuse, emotional neglect in childhood or adolescence, and personal stress. ED is a complex construct and a comprehensive concept, aggravating a number of various mental disorders. Differential treatment is mandatory for individual and social functioning.
PubMed: 34759846
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.628252 -
Nutrients Nov 2021Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in...
UNLABELLED
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder common from childhood to adulthood, affecting 5% to 12% among the general population in developed countries. Potential etiological factors have been identified, including genetic causes, environmental elements and epigenetic components. Nutrition is currently considered an influencing factor, and several studies have explored the contribution of restriction and dietary supplements in ADHD treatments. Iron is an essential cofactor required for a number of functions, such as transport of oxygen, immune function, cellular respiration, neurotransmitter metabolism (dopamine production), and DNA synthesis. Zinc is also an essential trace element, required for cellular functions related to the metabolism of neurotransmitters, melatonin, and prostaglandins. Epidemiological studies have found that iron and zinc deficiencies are common nutritional deficits worldwide, with important roles on neurologic functions (poor memory, inattentiveness, and impulsiveness), finicky appetite, and mood changes (sadness and irritability). Altered levels of iron and zinc have been related with the aggravation and progression of ADHD.
OBJECTIVE
This is a systematic review focused on the contribution of iron and zinc in the progression of ADHD among children and adolescents, and how therapies including these elements are tolerated along with its effectiveness (according to PRISMA guidelines).
METHOD
The scientific literature was screened for randomized controlled trials published between January 2000 to July 2021. The databases consulted were Medline, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. Two independent reviewers screened studies, extracted data, and assessed quality and risk of bias (CONSORT, NICE, and Cochrane checklists used).
CONCLUSION
Nine studies met the eligibility criteria and were selected. Evidence was obtained regarding the contribution of iron-zinc supplementation in the treatment of ADHD among young individuals. The discussion was focused on how the deficits of these elements contribute to affectation on multiple ADHD correlates, and potential mechanisms explaining the mediational pathways. Evidence also suggested that treating ADHD with diet interventions might be particularly useful for specific subgroups of children and adolescents, but further investigations of the effects of these diet interventions are needed.
Topics: Adolescent; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Child; Dietary Supplements; Ferrous Compounds; Humans; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Zinc
PubMed: 34836314
DOI: 10.3390/nu13114059 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) Sep 2019During pregnancy and the postnatal period many changes occur in a woman's body, both in mental and physical spheres. The birth of a child and a new role-of a...
During pregnancy and the postnatal period many changes occur in a woman's body, both in mental and physical spheres. The birth of a child and a new role-of a mother-can sometimes be associated with numerous negative emotions, uncertainty, fear, anxiety, disgust, depression, or sadness. In the puerperium period, the development of baby blues or postpartum depression may occur. Postpartum depression develops within one month of childbirth and may last up to one year. Depressive disorders that may develop in a young mother affect both her and the newborn's health. That is why it is so important to try to search for factors that could significantly reduce the likelihood of developing depression in this period. The study aims at assessing the relationship between physical activity during pregnancy and puerperium or in the postpartum and the development of postnatal depression. A review of the literature was carried out in the Medline-PubMed database. The search terms were "pregnancy" AND "physical activity AND postpartum depression". The study included only English-language publications published in the period 2000-2018. A total of 216 references were found. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria based on the analysis of titles and abstracts, 173 articles were excluded from the review. A total of 43 publications were read in full. Finally, 16 articles were included in the review. It was shown that regular physical activity during pregnancy, pregnancy, and puerperium, or in the postnatal period itself as compared to inactivity, reduces the risk of developing depression in pregnant women and after the birth of a child. Physical activity can be an essential factor in the prevention of depressive disorders of women in the postnatal period.
Topics: Depression, Postpartum; Exercise; Female; Humans; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy
PubMed: 31480778
DOI: 10.3390/medicina55090560 -
Cancer Medicine Apr 2021Breast cancer patients often experience symptoms that adversely affect their quality of life. It is understood that many of these symptoms tend to cluster together:...
Breast cancer patients often experience symptoms that adversely affect their quality of life. It is understood that many of these symptoms tend to cluster together: while they might have different manifestations and occur during different phases of the disease trajectory, the symptoms often have a common aetiology that is a potential target for intervention. Understanding the symptom clusters associated with breast cancer might usefully inform the development of effective care plans for affected patients. The aim of this paper is to provide an updated systematic review of the known symptom clusters among breast cancer patients during and/or after cancer treatment. A search was conducted using five databases for studies reporting symptom clusters among breast cancer patients. The search yielded 32 studies for inclusion. The findings suggest that fatigue-sleep disturbance and psychological symptom cluster (including anxiety, depression, nervousness, irritability, sadness, worry) are the most commonly-reported symptom clusters among breast cancer patients. Further, the composition of symptom clusters tends to change across various stages of cancer treatment. While this review identified some commonalities, the different methodologies used to identify symptom clusters resulted in inconsistencies in symptom cluster identification. It would be useful if future studies could separately examine the symptom clusters that occur in breast cancer patients undergoing a particular treatment type, and use standardised instruments across studies to assess symptoms. The review concludes that further studies could usefully determine the biological pathways associated with various symptom clusters, which would inform the development of effective and efficient symptom management strategies.
Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Depression; Fatigue; Female; Humans; Psychometrics; Sleep Wake Disorders; Symptom Assessment
PubMed: 33749151
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3794 -
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience 2015Sadness is generally seen as a negative emotion, a response to distressing and adverse situations. In an aesthetic context, however, sadness is often associated with... (Review)
Review
Sadness is generally seen as a negative emotion, a response to distressing and adverse situations. In an aesthetic context, however, sadness is often associated with some degree of pleasure, as suggested by the ubiquity and popularity, throughout history, of music, plays, films and paintings with a sad content. Here, we focus on the fact that music regarded as sad is often experienced as pleasurable. Compared to other art forms, music has an exceptional ability to evoke a wide-range of feelings and is especially beguiling when it deals with grief and sorrow. Why is it, then, that while human survival depends on preventing painful experiences, mental pain often turns out to be explicitly sought through music? In this article we consider why and how sad music can become pleasurable. We offer a framework to account for how listening to sad music can lead to positive feelings, contending that this effect hinges on correcting an ongoing homeostatic imbalance. Sadness evoked by music is found pleasurable: (1) when it is perceived as non-threatening; (2) when it is aesthetically pleasing; and (3) when it produces psychological benefits such as mood regulation, and empathic feelings, caused, for example, by recollection of and reflection on past events. We also review neuroimaging studies related to music and emotion and focus on those that deal with sadness. Further exploration of the neural mechanisms through which stimuli that usually produce sadness can induce a positive affective state could help the development of effective therapies for disorders such as depression, in which the ability to experience pleasure is attenuated.
PubMed: 26257625
DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00404 -
Progress in Neuro-psychopharmacology &... Dec 2023Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Facial emotion (or expression) recognition (FER) is a domain of affective cognition impaired across various psychiatric conditions, including bipolar disorder (BD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching for eligible articles published from inception to April 26, 2023, in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO to examine whether and to what extent FER would differ between people with BD and those with other mental disorders. Thirty-three studies comparing 1506 BD patients with 1973 clinical controls were included in the present systematic review, and twenty-six of them were analyzed in random-effects meta-analyses exploring the discrepancies in discriminating or identifying emotional stimuli at a general and specific level. Individuals with BD were more accurate in identifying each type of emotion during a FER task compared to individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia (SCZ) (SMD = 0.27; p-value = 0.006), with specific differences in the perception of anger (SMD = 0.46; p-value = 1.19e-06), fear (SMD = 0.38; p-value = 8.2e-04), and sadness (SMD = 0.33; p-value = 0.026). In contrast, BD patients were less accurate than individuals with major depressive disorder (MDD) in identifying each type of emotion (SMD = -0.24; p-value = 0.014), but these differences were more specific for sad emotional stimuli (SMD = -0.31; p-value = 0.009). No significant differences were observed when BD was compared with children and adolescents diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. FER emerges as a potential integrative instrument for guiding diagnosis by enabling discrimination between BD and SCZ or MDD. Enhancing the standardization of adopted tasks could further enhance the accuracy of this tool, leveraging FER potential as a therapeutic target.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Bipolar Disorder; Depressive Disorder, Major; Facial Recognition; Emotions; Anger
PubMed: 37625644
DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110847 -
Cureus Dec 2023Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries for treatment. In order to achieve best results,... (Review)
Review
The Role of Oral Probiotics in Alleviating Inflammation, Symptom Relief, and Postoperative Recurrence and Their Side Effects in Adults With Crohn's Disease: A Systematic Review.
Crohn's disease (CD) is a lifelong problem for patients, despite having multiple pharmacological options and surgeries for treatment. In order to achieve best results, probiotics are being used even though their efficacy is still debatable. This systematic review analyzes the safety and efficacy of several probiotics in CD. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and ScienceDirect are the databases searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs), animal studies, in vitro studies, and reviews. After quality appraisal and cross checking the literature, this systematic review is carried out grounded on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis 2020 (PRISMA 2020) guidelines. A study of 16 papers in total which include nearly 2023 subjects showed that only very few probiotics are efficient in furnishing remission in CD complaints. Kefir, an inexpensive fermented milk product, significantly reduced the inflammation and drastically bettered the quality of life and hence can be considered as an asset for CD patients. , , , and can control diarrhea in patients of 22-54-year age group and improve cognitive reactivity in sad mood with short-term consumption. VSL#3 (VSL Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States) has good efficacy in precluding recurrence and easing side effects after ileocecal resection in adults. Animal models and lab studies have proved that , (), few strains of , spp., , , and especially are significant enough to ameliorate the disease condition. In conclusion, probiotics are safe in CD with very few modifiable side effects. Some probiotics are proven to be significant in animal and lab studies; hence, these should be studied in human RCTs, to check their efficiency in human beings. There are limited observational and interventional studies in this regard. Large population-sizes trials are highly demanded in the areas of prognosticated positive results that are mentioned in this systematic review.
PubMed: 38259373
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.50901 -
Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022The automatic emotion recognition domain brings new methods and technologies that might be used to enhance therapy of children with autism. The paper aims at the... (Review)
Review
The automatic emotion recognition domain brings new methods and technologies that might be used to enhance therapy of children with autism. The paper aims at the exploration of methods and tools used to recognize emotions in children. It presents a literature review study that was performed using a systematic approach and PRISMA methodology for reporting quantitative and qualitative results. Diverse observation channels and modalities are used in the analyzed studies, including facial expressions, prosody of speech, and physiological signals. Regarding representation models, the basic emotions are the most frequently recognized, especially happiness, fear, and sadness. Both single-channel and multichannel approaches are applied, with a preference for the first one. For multimodal recognition, early fusion was the most frequently applied. SVM and neural networks were the most popular for building classifiers. Qualitative analysis revealed important clues on participant group construction and the most common combinations of modalities and methods. All channels are reported to be prone to some disturbance, and as a result, information on a specific symptoms of emotions might be temporarily or permanently unavailable. The challenges of proper stimuli, labelling methods, and the creation of open datasets were also identified.
Topics: Autistic Disorder; Child; Emotions; Facial Expression; Humans; Recognition, Psychology; Speech
PubMed: 35214551
DOI: 10.3390/s22041649