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Current Neuropharmacology 2021Depression or Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prolonged condition of sadness. MDD is the most common mental disorder that affects more than 264 million people...
BACKGROUND
Depression or Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prolonged condition of sadness. MDD is the most common mental disorder that affects more than 264 million people worldwide. According to the monoamine hypothesis, serotonin (5-hydroxy tryptamine, 5-HT), dopamine (DA) and norepinephrine (NE) are the major neurotransmitters (NTs) involved in depression.
METHODS
The methodology adopted for writing this review article is essentially based on the secondary literature search through a systematic literature review. This review mainly focussed on the role of 5-HT receptor antagonists (5-HTRA) in depression and comorbid disorders like anxiety.
RESULTS
Out of three major NTs mentioned above, serotonin has a predominant role in the pathophysiology of depression. The serotonin type-3 receptors (5-HTR) are well renowned to be expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) in regions which have significance in the vomiting reflex, perception of pain, the reward system, cognition, depression and anxiety control. 5-HTR are the receptors of serotonergic family that belong to ligand-gated ion channel. 5-HTRA inhibit the binding of serotonin to postsynaptic 5-HTR and increases its availability to other receptors like 5- HT, and as well as 5-HT receptors and produces anti-depressant-like effect. 5-HTRA also have an important role in mood and stress disorders. Some of the studies have shown the effectiveness of these agents in stress disorder.
CONCLUSION
The present article focussed on the role of 5-HTR and their antagonists in the treatment of depression and anxiety. Further studies are warranted to prove their efficacy with respect to other standard anti-depressants.
Topics: Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Serotonin; Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
PubMed: 33059577
DOI: 10.2174/1570159X18666201015155816 -
British Journal of Cancer Sep 2004Advanced cancer is associated with emotional distress, especially depression and feelings of sadness. To date, it is unclear which is the most effective way to address... (Review)
Review
Advanced cancer is associated with emotional distress, especially depression and feelings of sadness. To date, it is unclear which is the most effective way to address these problems. This review focuses on the effects of psychosocial interventions on the quality of life (QoL) of patients with advanced cancer. It was hypothesised that patients will benefit from psychosocial interventions by improving QoL, especially in the domain of emotional functioning. The review was conducted using systematic review methodology involving a systematic search of the literature published between 1990 and 2002, quality assessment of included studies, systematic data extraction and narrative data synthesis. In all, 10 randomised controlled studies involving 13 trials were included. Overall interventions and outcome measures across studies were heterogeneous. Outcome measures, pertaining to the QoL dimension of emotional functioning, were most frequently measured. A total of 12 trials evaluating behaviour therapy found positive effects on one or more indicators of QoL, for example, depression. The results of the review support recommendation of behaviour therapy in the care of patients with advanced cancer.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Humans; MEDLINE; Neoplasms; Quality of Life
PubMed: 15316564
DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602103 -
Revista Gaucha de Enfermagem Aug 2018To analyze the specialized literature regarding the risk factors in nursing diagnosis for suicide risks in elderly.
OBJECTIVE
To analyze the specialized literature regarding the risk factors in nursing diagnosis for suicide risks in elderly.
METHOD
This is an integrative literature review carried out during June 2015 in the following databases with no time limit: MEDLINE, PsycINFO and CINAHL.
RESULTS
A total of 80 full papers were analyzed. It was suggested the inclusion of 23 risk factors in NANDA-I taxonomy: apathy; unrest; low self esteem; carelessness with medication; Inability to ask for help; Inability to express feelings; suicidal plan; rigidity; functional disability; visual problems; sadness; hostility; anxiety; failure; frustration; unhappiness; dishonor; frequent visits to a physician with unclear symptoms; social deprivation; social devaluation; psychological violence; Interfamilial violence; and financial violence.
CONCLUSION
The risks for suicide presented in NANDA-I taxonomy need to be refined and adapted to the elderly reality. Furthermore, a review is also recommended for the risk factors not included in this classification.
Topics: Aged; Bibliometrics; Brazil; Emotions; Evidence-Based Medicine; Female; Humans; Life Change Events; Male; Mental Disorders; Motivation; Nursing Diagnosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Standardized Nursing Terminology; Suicide; Suicide Prevention
PubMed: 30088601
DOI: 10.1590/1983-1447.2018.2017-0120 -
European Respiratory Review : An... Jun 2020People with pulmonary fibrosis often experience a protracted time to diagnosis, high symptom burden and limited disease information. This review aimed to identify the...
BACKGROUND
People with pulmonary fibrosis often experience a protracted time to diagnosis, high symptom burden and limited disease information. This review aimed to identify the supportive care needs reported by people with pulmonary fibrosis and their caregivers.
METHODS
A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies that investigated the supportive care needs of people with pulmonary fibrosis or their caregivers were included. Supportive care needs were extracted and mapped to eight pre-specified domains using a framework synthesis method.
RESULTS
A total of 35 studies were included. The most frequently reported needs were in the domain of information/education, including information on supplemental oxygen, disease progression and prognosis, pharmacological treatments and end-of-life planning. Psychosocial/emotional needs were also frequently reported, including management of anxiety, anger, sadness and fear. An additional domain of "access to care" was identified that had not been specified ; this included access to peer support, psychological support, specialist centres and support for families of people with pulmonary fibrosis.
CONCLUSION
People with pulmonary fibrosis report many unmet needs for supportive care, particularly related to insufficient information and lack of psychosocial support. These data can inform the development of comprehensive care models for people with pulmonary fibrosis and their loved ones.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Caregivers; Cost of Illness; Emotions; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Health Services Accessibility; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Needs Assessment; Patient Education as Topic; Patient-Centered Care; Prognosis; Pulmonary Fibrosis; Social Support
PubMed: 32350085
DOI: 10.1183/16000617.0125-2019 -
Frontiers in Psychiatry 2019Recent clinical studies and meta-analyses have reported the clinical effects of mindfulness-based interventions as a complementary treatment for patients with...
Recent clinical studies and meta-analyses have reported the clinical effects of mindfulness-based interventions as a complementary treatment for patients with schizophrenia, but their possible efficacy in patients with first episode of psychosis (FEP) and in individuals with ultra-high risk (UHR) of transition to psychosis is less clear. Here, we investigated the current evidence on the usefulness of mindfulness-based interventions in these two populations. We conducted a systematic search of the literature according to the PRISMA guidelines. Among the 102 references retrieved, 9 responded to the inclusion criteria (8 in FEP patients and 1 in UHR individuals). In FEP patients, mindfulness interventions are well-tolerated and have a satisfactory level of adherence. The clinical benefits consist primarily of reduced anxiety and sadness and improved quality of life. None of the studies reported any increase in positive symptoms. Future sham-controlled studies with large sample sizes are needed to definitively conclude on the clinical interest of mindfulness-based interventions in FEP patients and UHR individuals as well as to understand their underlying mechanisms of action.
PubMed: 31736811
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00797