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Pediatric Dentistry Mar 2019The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The purpose of this study was to perform a systematic review to assess current evidence for association between various risk factors and the prevalence or incidence of early childhood caries (ECC). Two reviewers searched various databases until January 2019. The Newcastle-Ottawa scale was used to perform risk of bias assessment. The included studies were categorized according to the World Bank classification. Data were summarized in a meta-analysis using fixed and random effects inverse-generic meta-analyses. A total of 7,034 records involving 89 studies that evaluated 1,352,097 individuals were included; 23 were high, 46 were moderate, and 20 were of low quality. A total of 123 risk factors were found. Meta-analysis revealed that the strongest risk factors found in the high-income countries were presence of dentinal caries (dmft greater than zero; odds ratio [OR] equals 4.21 [2.18 to 8.16]) and high levels of mutans streptococci (OR equals 3.83 [1.81 to 8.09]). In upper-middle-income countries, presence of enamel defects (OR equals 14.62 [6.10 to 35.03]) was found to be the strongest risk factor. The strongest risk factors associated with early childhood caries was the presence of enamel defects, presence of dentinal caries and high levels of mutans streptococci.
Topics: DMF Index; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Humans; Risk Factors; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 30992106
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Oral Health Sep 2023The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
The review aims to determine the risk predictability of mutans streptococci in the development of carious lesions in children with primary dentition.
METHODS
Longitudinal observational studies with at least 6 months follow-up and evaluating mutans streptococci presence in caries-free children under 6 years of age for the development of any cavitated or non-cavitated carious lesion. Six databases and grey literature were searched without any restrictions. Risk of bias was evaluated using the New Castle Ottawa scale for longitudinal studies, and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated by Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation using GRADEpro software. Meta-analysis was performed using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model, and heterogeneity was evaluated using tau-squared, I statistics and prediction interval. Sensitivity analysis was performed to assess the relationship between the mutans streptococci presence at baseline and the caries development, according to the sample and methods used for the microbiological assessment and the length of follow-up of the studies. Publication bias was checked by funnel plot using a random effect (DerSimonian and Laird, DL) model.
RESULTS
Twelve studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. Four studies received a maximum of 9 stars, and among the remaining eight studies, six received 8 stars and the rest two studies were assigned 7 stars in the risk of bias scale. After pooling the results quantitatively, odds ratio (OR) was found to be 4.13 (95% CI: 3.33, 5.12), suggesting that children with mutans streptococci had 4 times higher odds of developing caries later (p < 0.001). Four studies were pooled to compare future caries experience among children with and without mutans streptococci at baseline, obtaining standardized mean difference (SMD) of 0.85 (95% CI: 0.33, 1.37), indicating a large effect (p < 0.001). Certainty of evidence was found to be moderate, and no publication bias was reported by the funnel plot criteria of symmetry.
CONCLUSIONS
Presence of mutans streptococci in a preschool child is a risk predictor for future caries experience. Early identification of children with increased caries-risk may facilitate in implementation of appropriate preventive strategies.
Topics: Humans; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Databases, Factual; Odds Ratio; Publication Bias; Software; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 37679718
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03346-8 -
A systematic review and meta-analysis of the role of sugar-free chewing gum on Streptococcus mutans.BMC Oral Health Apr 2021Preventive strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans may be effective in reducing the global burden of caries. The aim of the current systematic review of published... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Preventive strategies targeting Streptococcus mutans may be effective in reducing the global burden of caries. The aim of the current systematic review of published literature was to determine the difference in level of Streptococcus mutans in adults and children who chew sugar-free gum (SFG), compared with those who did not chew gum, who chewed a control gum or received alternatives such as probiotics or fluoride varnish.
METHODS
Systematic review (PROSPERO registration No. CRD42018094676) of controlled trials with adult and child participants where chewing of SFG was the main intervention. Databases searched (1 Jan 1946 to 31 August 2020): MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Scopus, Web of Science, Allied and Complimentary Medicine Database, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Open Grey, PROSPERO and the Cochrane library of systematic reviews. 'Search terms included Medical Subject Headings, and free text to cover the following range of constructs: chewing gum, sugar free, oral health, caries, xerostomia, periodontal disease. Data extraction and Risk of Bias assessment was undertaken by three researchers using a modified version of the Cochrane RoB tool (version 1). Data synthesis was conducted using meta-analysis in STATA.
RESULTS
Thirteen studies of SFG with micro-organisms as outcomes were identified. The use of SFG significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size - 0.42; 95% CI - 0.60 to - 0.25) compared to all controls. In seven of the 13 studies the confidence intervals of the effect size estimate included zero, suggesting no effect of the intervention. Twelve trials used xylitol gum only as the basis of the intervention; xylitol gum significantly reduced the load of Streptococcus mutans (effect size - 0.46; 95% CI - 0.64 to - 0.28) in comparison to all controls. There was a moderate level of heterogeneity across the included studies. No adverse effects were recorded.
CONCLUSION
Chewing SFG reduces the load of Streptococcus mutans in the oral cavity in comparison to non-chewing controls. Considering the degree of variability in the effect and the moderate quality of the trials included, there is a need for future research exploring the use SFG as a preventive measure for reducing the cariogenic oral bacterial load.
Topics: Adult; Chewing Gum; Child; Dental Caries; Humans; Oral Health; Streptococcus mutans; Xylitol
PubMed: 33926448
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-021-01517-z -
Oman Medical Journal Mar 2023Eye infections can be caused by several microorganisms and the most common causative bacterial agents are staphylococci, streptococci, and This study aimed to estimate... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
Eye infections can be caused by several microorganisms and the most common causative bacterial agents are staphylococci, streptococci, and This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of viridans group streptococci, and as the cause of ocular infections in Iran.
METHODS
We conducted a systematic search on the studies published by Iranian authors from January 2000 to December 2020 in Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus, and Embase. Eligible studies were selected according to the defined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Statistical heterogeneity between and within groups was estimated by the Q-statistic and I index. The funnel plots, Duval and Tweedie trim, and fill methods were obtained to evaluate the evidence of publication bias.
RESULTS
Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. According to the meta-analysis results, the prevalence of was 19.1% (95% CI: 12.5-28.1). It was estimated 6.9% (95% CI: 4.4-10.6), 6.7% (95% CI: 4.6-9.6), and 3.3% (95% CI: 1.8-5.8) for and viridans streptococci, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
. is the prevalent bacterial agents responsible for eye-associated infections in Iran.
PubMed: 37132006
DOI: 10.5001/omj.2023.22 -
International Journal of Infectious... Apr 2022We aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, and imaging characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in studies from Latin America (LATAM). (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to describe the clinical, microbiological, and imaging characteristics of patients with infective endocarditis (IE) in studies from Latin America (LATAM).
METHODS
A systematic search through PubMed, EMBASE, LILACS, and SciELO from inception until February 2021 was conducted. We included observational studies that assessed adults with IE from LATAM and reported data on clinical, microbiological, or imaging characteristics. Data were independently extracted by 2 authors and the risk of bias was evaluated by study design with its respective tool. Findings were summarized using descriptive statistics.
RESULTS
Forty-four studies were included. Most cases were male (68.5%), had a predisposing condition including valve disease (24.3%), or had a prosthetic valve (23.4%). Clinical manifestations included fever (83.9%), malaise (63.2%), or heart murmur (57.7%). A total of 36.4% and 27.1% developed heart failure or embolism, respectively. Blood cultures were negative in 23.9% and S. aureus (18.6%) and the viridans group streptococci (17.8%) were the most common isolates. Most cases were native valve IE (67.3%) affecting mainly left-sided valves. Echocardiographic findings included vegetations (84.3%) and regurgitation (75.9%). In-hospital mortality was 25.1%.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first systematic review that evaluated the characteristics of IE in LATAM patients. A lack of multicenter studies reflects the need for these studies in LATAM.
Topics: Adult; Echocardiography; Endocarditis; Endocarditis, Bacterial; Humans; Latin America; Male; Retrospective Studies; Staphylococcus aureus
PubMed: 35181535
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.02.022 -
Archives of Oral Biology Sep 2021To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review published oral microbiome studies and create a comprehensive list of bacterial species found in saliva and dental plaque among healthy children and adults associated with presence of carious lesions and caries-free state (oral health).
DESIGN
This review followed PRISMA-ScR guidelines. We searched published studies querying PUBMED and EMBASE using the following keywords: (plaque OR saliva) AND caries AND (next generation sequencing OR checkerboard OR 16s rRNA or qPCR). Studies were limited to human studies published in English between January 1, 2010 and June 24, 2020 that included > 10 caries-active and > 10 caries-free participants, and assessed the entire bacterial community.
RESULTS
Our search strategy identified 298 articles. After exclusion criteria, 22 articles remained; we considered 2 studies that examined saliva and plaque as separate studies, for a total of 24 studies. Species associated with caries or oral health varied widely among studies reviewed, with notable differences by age and biologic sample type. No bacterial species was associated with caries in all studies. Streptococcus mutans was found more frequently among those with caries (14/24 (58.3 %)) and Fusobacterium periodonticum was found more frequently among those that were caries-free (5/24 (20.8 %)).
CONCLUSION
No bacterial species was associated with caries or oral health across all studies supporting multiple pathways to cariogenesis. However, the variation may be due to sampling at different time points during caries development, varying methods of specimen sampling, storage, sequencing or analysis or differences in host factors such as age.
Topics: Adult; Child; Dental Caries; Fusobacterium; Humans; Mouth; Oral Health; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 34246103
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105204 -
International Journal of Molecular... Oct 2023We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to investigate the efficacy of chitosan-containing chewing gums, and to test their inhibitory effects on . The... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
We conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to investigate the efficacy of chitosan-containing chewing gums, and to test their inhibitory effects on . The systematic search was performed in three databases (Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and PubMed) and included English-language randomized-controlled trials to compare the efficacy of chitosan in reducing the number of . To assess the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool was used. Mean differences were calculated with a 95% confidence interval for one outcome: bacterial counts in CFU/mL. The protocol of the study was registered on PROSPERO, registration number CRD42022365006. Articles were downloaded ( = 6758) from EMBASE ( = 2255), PubMed ( = 1516), and Cochrane ( = 2987). After the selection process, a total of four articles were included in the qualitative synthesis and three in the quantitative synthesis. Our results show that chitosan reduced the number of bacteria. The difference in mean quantity was -4.68 × 10. The interval of the random-effects model was [-2.15 × 10; 1.21 × 10] and the prediction interval was [1.03 × 10; 9.40 × 10]. The I2 value was 98% ( = 0.35), which indicates a high degree of heterogeneity. Chitosan has some antibacterial effects when used as a component of chewing gum, but further studies are needed. It can be a promising antimicrobial agent for prevention.
Topics: Humans; Streptococcus mutans; Saliva; Chitosan; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chewing Gum; Dental Caries
PubMed: 37894948
DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015270 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Sep 2023The effect of probiotics on oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients remains controversial. The aim of the study is to systematically review and assess the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
The effect of probiotics on oral health maintenance in orthodontic patients remains controversial. The aim of the study is to systematically review and assess the effects of probiotics on the oral health and microbiome of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment.
SEARCH METHODS AND SELECTION CRITERIA
Databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, ClinicalTrials.gov, and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global databases were searched from their inception until June 2022. Randomised controlled trials that assessed the effects of probiotics on clinical and microbial outcomes in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
Data screening and collection were performed, and the risk of bias (RoB) was assessed using the Cochrane RoB 2 tool. The meta-analysis evaluated the effects of probiotics on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Lactobacillus counts. The quality of the evidence from the meta-analyses was assessed with Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE).
RESULTS
A total of 405 records were identified, of which 15 studies were included in the qualitative synthesis and 4 in the meta-analysis. The patients in all the included studies were treated with fixed orthodontic appliances. Results regarding clinical outcomes were controversial; four out of five studies reported no significant changes in plaque in the probiotic group (P > .05), and two out of three studies reported no significant changes in the gingival index (P > .05). Regarding microbial outcomes, the meta-analysis results revealed that probiotics significantly increased the likelihood of reducing the abundance of S. mutans to below 105 CFU/ml (risk ratio: 2.05 [1.54, 2.72], P < .001) and reduced the likelihood of increasing the abundance of S. mutans to beyond 106 CFU/ml (risk ratio: 0.48 [0.28, 0.83], P = .009). However, the quality of evidence according to the GRADE was moderate.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
There is insufficient evidence to determine the clinical benefits of probiotics as a supplement for the oral health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, probiotics may have benefits in reducing the salivary S. mutans counts in orthodontic patients.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO (CRD42022366650).
Topics: Humans; Oral Health; Probiotics; Dietary Supplements; Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 37552088
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad046 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2023, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in... (Review)
Review
, a normal inhabitant of the oral cavity, is a member of Viridans Group Streptococci (VGS). Generally recognized as a causative agent of invasive diseases in immunocompromised patients, is considered to have low pathogenic potential in immunocompetent individuals. We present a rare case of sinusitis complicated by meningitis and cerebral sino-venous thrombosis (CSVT) caused by in a previously healthy 12-year-old boy with poor oral health status. With the aim of understanding the real pathogenic role of this microorganism, an extensive review of the literature about invasive diseases due to in pediatric patients was performed. Our data define the critical role of this microorganism in invasive infections, especially in immunocompetent children and in the presence of apparently harmful conditions such as sinusitis and caries. Attention should be paid to the choice of therapy because of VGS's emerging antimicrobial resistance patterns.
PubMed: 37508318
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12071222 -
Archives of Oral Biology May 2024This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This systematic review summarizes the current knowledge on the association between the oral microbiota and dental caries in adolescents.
DESIGN
An electronic search was carried out across five databases. Studies were included if they conducted research on generally healthy adolescents, applied molecular-based microbiological analyses and assessed caries status. Data extraction was performed by two reviewers and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was applied for quality assessment.
RESULTS
In total, 3935 records were reviewed which resulted in a selection of 20 cross-sectional studies (published 2005-2022) with a sample size ranging from 11 to 614 participants including adolescents between 11 and 19 years. The studies analyzed saliva, dental biofilm or tongue swabs with Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization, (q)PCR or Next-Generation Sequencing methods. Prevotella denticola, Scardoviae Wiggsiae, Streptococcus sobrinus and Streptococcus mutans were the most frequently reported species presenting higher abundance in adolescents with caries. The majority of the studies reported that the microbial diversity was similar between participants with and without dental caries.
CONCLUSION
This systematic review is the first that shows how the oral microbiota composition in adolescents appears to differ between those with and without dental caries, suggesting certain taxa may be associated with increased caries risk. However, there is a need to replicate and expand these findings in larger, longitudinal studies that also focus on caries severity and take adolescent-specific factors into account.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Dental Caries; Cross-Sectional Studies; Streptococcus mutans; Saliva; Microbiota; DNA
PubMed: 38447351
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105933