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Genes Oct 2021The maternal environment during the periconceptional period influences foetal growth and development, in part, via epigenetic mechanisms moderated by one-carbon... (Review)
Review
The maternal environment during the periconceptional period influences foetal growth and development, in part, via epigenetic mechanisms moderated by one-carbon metabolic pathways. During embryonic development, one-carbon metabolism is involved in brain development and neural programming. Derangements in one-carbon metabolism increase (i) the short-term risk of embryonic neural tube-related defects and (ii) long-term childhood behaviour, cognition, and autism spectrum disorders. Here we investigate the association between maternal one-carbon metabolism and foetal and neonatal brain growth and development. Database searching resulted in 26 articles eligible for inclusion. Maternal vitamin B, vitamin B, homocysteine, and choline were not associated with foetal and/or neonatal head growth. First-trimester maternal plasma folate within the normal range (>17 nmol/L) associated with increased foetal head size and head growth, and high erythrocyte folate (1538-1813 nmol/L) with increased cerebellar growth, whereas folate deficiency (<7 nmol/L) associated with a reduced foetal brain volume. Preconceptional folic acid supplement use and specific dietary patterns (associated with increased B vitamins and low homocysteine) increased foetal head size. Although early pregnancy maternal folate appears to be the most independent predictor of foetal brain growth, there is insufficient data to confirm the link between maternal folate and offspring risks for neurodevelopmental diseases.
Topics: Brain; Carbon; Embryonic Development; Female; Fetal Development; Fetus; Folic Acid; Humans; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12
PubMed: 34681028
DOI: 10.3390/genes12101634 -
Cureus Aug 2021Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) emerged as the most prevalent liver disorder contributing significantly to disease burden worldwide. It manifests as a broad... (Review)
Review
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) emerged as the most prevalent liver disorder contributing significantly to disease burden worldwide. It manifests as a broad spectrum of hepatic damage with varying severity ranging from less serious steatosis to a more severe Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), with or without fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Vitamins, on the other hand, are micronutrients that are vital for healthy well-being. Some studies have linked liver diseases with hypovitaminosis; however, there are still some gaps about the basis of their correlation. Hence, this systematic review aims to discuss the role of vitamins in the pathogenesis of NAFLD and explore their hepatoprotective potential that may benefit clinicians in managing this condition. This systematic review searched for studies indexed in the PubMed, PubMed Central, Medline, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, duplicates were removed, and meticulous screening of articles was done systematically. Out of 729 unique studies generated using the search strategy, 17 were finally included after thorough review and quality appraisal. NAFLD is not simply an outcome of insulin resistance and metabolic derangements; instead, it is a disease with complex underlying pathogenesis. Moreover, vitamin deficiency has been associated with NAFLD development and increased susceptibility to more severe liver damage. Derangement in vitamins correlates to the lipotoxic hepatic environment, altered immune system, unwarranted inflammation, oxidative stress, gene mutations, epigenetic modification, and gut dysbiosis seen in NAFLD. As they influence several pathophysiologic processes in the liver, vitamins A, B3, B6, B9, B12, C, D, and E are promising potential options that can impact NAFLD management. However, more well-designed studies conducted in the human population are still necessary to establish their efficacy and safety as therapeutic agents.
PubMed: 34522493
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.16855 -
The Journal of Nervous and Mental... Feb 2018Patients with psychotic disorders regularly use natural medicines, although it is unclear whether these are effective and safe. The aim of this study was to provide an...
Patients with psychotic disorders regularly use natural medicines, although it is unclear whether these are effective and safe. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of evidence for improved outcomes by natural medicines. A systematic literature search was performed through Medline, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Cochrane until May 2015. In 110 randomized controlled trials, evidence was found for glycine, sarcosine, N-acetylcysteine, some Chinese and ayurvedic herbs, ginkgo biloba, estradiol, and vitamin B6 to improve psychotic symptoms when added to antipsychotics. Ginkgo biloba and vitamin B6 seemed to reduce tardive dyskinesia and akathisia. Results on other compounds were negative or inconclusive. All natural agents, except reserpine, were well tolerated. Most study samples were small, study periods were generally short, and most results need replication. However, there is some evidence for beneficial effects of certain natural medicines.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Complementary Therapies; Ginkgo biloba; Humans; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Psychotic Disorders; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 29373456
DOI: 10.1097/NMD.0000000000000782 -
Frontiers in Oncology 2018Studies on serum one-carbon metabolism factors (folate, B6, B12, homocysteine, and methionine) with lung cancer (LC) risk have produced inconsistent results. We aimed...
Studies on serum one-carbon metabolism factors (folate, B6, B12, homocysteine, and methionine) with lung cancer (LC) risk have produced inconsistent results. We aimed to systematically evaluate the association between them. This study was reported in accordance with the PRISMA Statement and was registered with PROSPERO (no. CRD42018086654). Relevant studies were searched in PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE, and CNKI up to February 2018. Random-effects models were used to estimate the pooled standardized mean differences (SMD) or odds ratios (OR), as well as their 95% confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and subgroup analysis were performed to identify the source of heterogeneity. Publication bias was also assessed. A total of 14 articles (8,097 patients) were included. The concentration of serum folate and vitamin B6 of LC patients were lower than the controls [SMD -0.53, 95% CI (-0.70, -0.35), = 0.001 and SMD -0.28, 95%CI (-0.53, -0.02), = 0.001, respectively]. While the concentration of homocysteine of the cases was higher than the controls [SMD 0.41, 95% CI (0.24, 0.59), = 0.001]. However, there were no significant differences between LC patients and the controls in terms of vitamin B12 and methionine [SMD -0.09, 95% CI (-0.27, 0.09), = 0.202 and SMD -0.13, 95% CI (-0.36, 0.10), = 0.001]. Subgroup analysis showed that these results were more significant in Europe, Asia, former and current smokers, and the male population (-value < 0.05). Serum folate and vitamin B6 might be protective factors against lung carcinogenesis and homocysteine could contribute to LC risk.
PubMed: 30430082
DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2018.00493 -
PloS One 2016In many countries breakfast cereals are an important component of breakfast. This systematic review assesses the contribution of consumption of ready-to eat cereal... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
In many countries breakfast cereals are an important component of breakfast. This systematic review assesses the contribution of consumption of ready-to eat cereal (RTEC) to the recommended nutrient intake. Furthermore, the effects of RTEC consumption on key health parameters are investigated as well as health promoting properties of RTEC.
METHOD
The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL have been searched up till 16th of June 2015. Randomized controlled trials were excluded if RTEC were used during hypocaloric diets, if RTEC were eaten at other times than breakfast and if breakfasts included other products than RTEC, milk and fruit. Observational studies were excluded when "breakfast cereals" were not defined or their definition included cooked cereals. From cross-sectional studies only data concerning energy and nutrient intake as well as micronutrient status were used.
RESULTS
From 4727 identified citations 64 publications met the inclusion criteria of which 32 were cross-sectional studies, eight prospective studies and 24 randomized controlled trials. Consumption of RTEC is associated with a healthier dietary pattern, concerning intake of carbohydrates, dietary fiber, fat and micronutrients, however total sugar intake is higher. Persons consuming RTEC frequently (≥ 5 times/week) have a lower risk of inadequate micronutrient intake especially for vitamin A, calcium, folate, vitamin B 6, magnesium and zinc. Evidence from prospective studies suggests that whole grain RTEC may have beneficial effects on hypertension and type 2 diabetes. Consumption of RTEC with soluble fiber helps to reduce LDL cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic men and RTEC fortified with folate can reduce plasma homocysteine.
DISCUSSION
One of the review's strengths is its thorough ex/inclusion of studies. Limitations are that results of observational studies were based on self-reported data and that many studies were funded by food-industry.
CONCLUSION
Consumption of RTEC, especially of fiber-rich or whole grain RTEC, is implicated with several beneficial nutritional and health outcomes. The effect on body weight, intestinal health and cognitive function needs further evaluation. Of concern is the higher total sugar intake associated with frequent RTEC consumption.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cognition; Databases, Factual; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Edible Grain; Energy Intake; Humans; Micronutrients; Nutritive Value
PubMed: 27749919
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164931 -
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory... Nov 2020
PubMed: 33554504
DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2020-1684 -
BMC Cardiovascular Disorders Sep 2008Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that homocysteine (tHcy) may be a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. B-vitamin supplements reduce tHcy and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Randomized Controlled Trial Review
The effect of long-term homocysteine-lowering on carotid intima-media thickness and flow-mediated vasodilation in stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial and meta-analysis.
BACKGROUND
Experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that homocysteine (tHcy) may be a causal risk factor for atherosclerosis. B-vitamin supplements reduce tHcy and improve endothelial function in short term trials, but the long-term effects of the treatment on vascular structure and function are unknown.
METHODS
We conducted a sub-study of VITATOPS, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial designed to test the efficacy of long term B-vitamin supplementation (folic acid 2 mg, vitamin B6 25 mg and vitamin B12 0.5 mg) in the prevention of vascular events in patients with a history of stroke. We measured carotid intima-medial thickness (CIMT) and flow-mediated dilation (FMD) at least two years after randomisation in 162 VITATOPS participants. We also conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies designed to test the effect of B-vitamin treatment on CIMT and FMD.
RESULTS
After a mean treatment period of 3.9 +/- 0.9 years, the vitamin-treated group had a significantly lower mean plasma homocysteine concentration than the placebo-treated group (7.9 micromol/L, 95% CI 7.5 to 8.4 versus 11.8 micromol/L, 95% CI 10.9 to 12.8, p < 0.001). Post-treatment CIMT (0.84 +/- 0.17 mm vitamins versus 0.83 +/- 0.18 mm placebo, p = 0.74) and FMD (median of 4.0%, IQR 0.9 to 7.2 vitamins versus 3.0%, IQR 0.6 to 6.6 placebo, p = 0.48) did not differ significantly between groups. A meta-analysis of published randomised data, including those from the current study, suggested that B-vitamin supplements should reduce CIMT (-0.10 mm, 95% CI -0.20 to -0.01 mm) and increase FMD (1.4%, 95% CI 0.7 to 2.1%). However, the improvement in endothelial function associated with homocysteine-lowering treatment was significant in short-term studies but not in longer trials.
CONCLUSION
Although short-term treatment with B-vitamins is associated with increased FMD, long-term homocysteine-lowering did not significantly improve FMD or CIMT in people with a history of stroke.
Topics: Aged; Carotid Arteries; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Down-Regulation; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Regional Blood Flow; Stroke; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Tunica Intima; Tunica Media; Vasodilation; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex
PubMed: 18803866
DOI: 10.1186/1471-2261-8-24 -
Shokuhin Eiseigaku Zasshi. Journal of... 2017The interaction of levodopa and vitamin B6 is a well-known issue. This study investigated the incidence of unacceptable intake levels of vitamin B6 among levodopa users... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
The interaction of levodopa and vitamin B6 is a well-known issue. This study investigated the incidence of unacceptable intake levels of vitamin B6 among levodopa users by means of a systematic review. We searched two databases (PubMed and "Igaku Chuo Zasshi") for articles about adverse events due to the interaction of levodopa and vitamin B6 published up to August 2017. Of 98 citations retrieved, 11 studies met the selection criteria. The results indicated that a vitamin B6 intake level of more than 50 mg/day could reduce the efficacy of levodopa. The recommended intake of vitamin B6 for Japanese adults is 1.4 mg/day for men and 1.2 mg/day for women. Therefore, the acceptable intake of vitamin B6 for levodopa patients would be within the range of the recommended intake level, which is also within the usual range in foods in Japan, except for dietary supplements or health foods. Levodopa users should be cautious about taking dietary supplements and over-the-counter drugs.
Topics: Databases, Bibliographic; Dietary Supplements; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Levodopa; Male; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Nonprescription Drugs; Parkinson Disease; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 29311446
DOI: 10.3358/shokueishi.58.268 -
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer... 2015A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of intake of vitamin B2 with the incidence of colorectal cancer. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies evaluated the association of intake of vitamin B2 with the incidence of colorectal cancer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Relevant studies were identified in MEDLINE via PubMed (published up to April 2014). We extracted data from articles on vitamin B2 and used multivariable-adjusted odds ratio (OR) and a random-effects model for analysis.
RESULTS
We found 8 articles meeting the inclusion criteria (4 of cohort studies and 4 of case-control studies) and a total of 7,750 colorectal cancer cases were included in this meta-analysis. The multivariable-adjusted OR for pooled studies for the association of the highest versus lowest vitamin B2 intake and the risk of colorectal cancer was 0.83 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]:0.75,0.91). We performed a sensitivity analysis for vitamin B2. If we omitted the study by Vecchia et al., the pooled OR was 0.86 (95%CI, 0.77,0.96).
CONCLUSIONS
This is the first meta-analysis to study links between vitamin B2 and colorectal cancer. We found vitamin B2 intake was inversely associated with risk of colorectal cancer. However, further research and large sample studies need to be conducted to better validate the result.
Topics: Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 25735381
DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.3.909 -
Health Promotion Perspectives 2022Depression is the third leading cause of worldwide disease burden among youth, and nutrition- and diet-related behaviors have been considered as an effective strategy...
Depression is the third leading cause of worldwide disease burden among youth, and nutrition- and diet-related behaviors have been considered as an effective strategy for reducing the risk of depressive symptoms. This systematic review aims to examine associations between dietary intake and diet quality with depressive symptoms among youth. In this systematic review, a search of scientific articles published between 2000 and 2021 was performed in four databases (CINAHL, Embase, PsycInfo, and PubMed) according to the PRISMA checklist. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, observational studies that focused on associations between micronutrient, macronutrient, food group intake, and diet quality and depressive symptoms among youth, ages 3 to 18, were selected for review. Thirty-two articles met the review criteria. Dietary intake of magnesium, vitamin B12, fiber, fruits, vegetables, and fish were consistently inversely related to depressive symptoms. However, the evidence of associations between intake of vitamins B6, C, D, and E, iron, copper, zinc, omega-3 fatty acids, carbohydrate, and dietary fat and depressive symptoms was mixed. Dietary effects on decreased depressive symptoms were more pronounced in children than adolescents. Additionally, most studies failed to adjust for potential confounding variables. This review provides preliminary and comprehensive evidence for a relationship between dietary intake, diet quality, and depressive symptoms in youth. Although the results are heterogeneous and more research is needed, our findings indicate the importance of nutrition interventions for youth for decreasing depressive symptoms or for preventing further symptom exacerbation.
PubMed: 36686054
DOI: 10.34172/hpp.2022.32