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Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The need for reliable communications in industrial systems becomes more evident as industries strive to increase reliance on automation. This trend has sustained the...
The need for reliable communications in industrial systems becomes more evident as industries strive to increase reliance on automation. This trend has sustained the adoption of WirelessHART communications as a key enabling technology and its operational integrity must be ensured. This paper focuses on demonstrating pre-deployment counterfeit detection using active 2D Distinct Native Attribute (2D-DNA) fingerprinting. Counterfeit detection is demonstrated using experimentally collected signals from eight commercial WirelessHART adapters. Adapter fingerprints are used to train 56 Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) models with each representing five authentic network devices. The three non-modeled devices are introduced as counterfeits and a total of 840 individual authentic (modeled) versus counterfeit (non-modeled) ID verification assessments performed. Counterfeit detection is performed on a fingerprint-by-fingerprint basis with best case per-device Counterfeit Detection Rate (%CDR) estimates including 87.6% < %CDR < 99.9% and yielding an average cross-device %CDR ≈ 92.5%. This full-dimensional feature set performance was echoed by dimensionally reduced feature set performance that included per-device 87.0% < %CDR < 99.7% and average cross-device %CDR ≈ 91.4% using only 18-of-291 features—the demonstrated %CDR > 90% with an approximate 92% reduction in the number of fingerprint features is sufficiently promising for small-scale network applications and warrants further consideration.
Topics: Counterfeit Drugs; DNA Fingerprinting; Discriminant Analysis; Industry
PubMed: 35808405
DOI: 10.3390/s22134906 -
Journal of Forensic Sciences May 2020Three commercially available integrated rapid DNA instruments were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in July of 2018. The assessment was conducted with...
Three commercially available integrated rapid DNA instruments were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in July of 2018. The assessment was conducted with sets of blinded single-source reference samples provided to participants for testing on the individual rapid platforms within their laboratories. The data were returned to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for review and analysis. Both FBI-defined automated review (Rapid DNA Analysis) and manual review (Modified Rapid DNA Analysis) of the datasets were conducted to assess the success of genotyping the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci and full profiles generated by the instruments. Genotype results from the multiple platforms, participating laboratories, and STR typing chemistries were combined into a single analysis. The Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 80% for full profiles (85% for the 20 CODIS core loci) with automated analysis. Modified Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 90% for both the CODIS 20 core loci and full profiles (all attempted loci per chemistry). An analysis of the peak height ratios demonstrated that 95% of all heterozygous alleles were above 59% heterozygote balance. For base-pair sizing precision, the precision was below the standard 0.5 bp deviation for both the ANDE 6C System and the RapidHIT 200.
Topics: DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; Databases, Nucleic Acid; Genotype; Heterozygote; Humans; Microsatellite Repeats; Mouth Mucosa; Quality Control
PubMed: 31985834
DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14267 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Feb 2023To compare the effects of cell lysis method and magnetic beads method in forensic DNA identification and to explore these two methods in forensic DNA identification.
OBJECTIVES
To compare the effects of cell lysis method and magnetic beads method in forensic DNA identification and to explore these two methods in forensic DNA identification.
METHODS
The genome DNA of THP-1 cells in different quantities was extracted by the cell lysis method and magnetic beads method, and the DNA content was quantified by real-time quantitative PCR. The cell lysis method and magnetic beads method were used to type the STR of human blood with different dilution ratios.
RESULTS
When the numbers of THP-1 cell were 100, 400 and 800, the DNA content extracted by cell lysis method were (1.219±0.334), (5.081±0.335), (9.332±0.318) ng, respectively; and the DNA content extracted by magnetic beads method were (1.020±0.281), (3.634±0.482), (7.896±0.759) ng, respectively. When the numbers of THP-1 cells were 400 and 800, the DNA content extracted by the cell lysis method was higher than that by the magnetic beads method. The sensitivity of cell lysis method and magnetic beads method was similar in STR typing of human blood at different dilution ratios. Complete STR typing could be obtained at 100, 300 and 500-fold dilutions of blood samples, but could not be detected at 700-fold dilution. STR typing of undiluted human blood could not be detected by cell lysis method.
CONCLUSIONS
The cell lysis method is easy to operate and can retain template DNA to the maximum extend. It is expected to be suitable for trace blood evidence tests.
Topics: Humans; Forensic Medicine; DNA; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Magnetic Phenomena; DNA Fingerprinting; Microsatellite Repeats
PubMed: 37038855
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2022.520202 -
Forensic Science International. Genetics Mar 2023Several studies have demonstrated that DNA can be indirectly transferred from an individual onto a surface. Therefore, the presence of DNA that is compatible with a...
Several studies have demonstrated that DNA can be indirectly transferred from an individual onto a surface. Therefore, the presence of DNA that is compatible with a given person does not necessarily mean that this person has touched the surface on which the DNA was recovered. The present work simulates cases, where DNA is recovered on a door handle and compared to several reference DNA profiles. The DNA profile of the trace shares DNA components with a person of interest (POI). When asked about the DNA results, the POI says he has nothing to do with the incident and has never been at the scene. However, a possibility would be that the DNA came from his recently stolen gloves. Someone else, the alternative offender (AO), could have opened the door wearing his gloves (POI's gloves), and transferred his DNA (POI's DNA). Based on the above-mentioned scenario, 60 burglary simulations experiments were carried out to generate data to assess DNA results given these allegations. The quantity and quality of DNA profiles (NGM SElect) recovered when the POI opened/closed the door bare-handed or when someone else performed the same activity but using POI's gloves, were compared. The gloves were regularly worn during at least three months by their owner during the winter. On the contrary, the AO wore them only for two minutes. Among the traces collected on the door handles, less than 50% of the traces led to interpretable DNA profiles. In 30% of the cases (3/10), when the door was opened/closed with bare hands, the DNA found on the door handle led to a mixed DNA profile with the POI's DNA aligning with the major contributor. For the experiments where the AO opened/closed the door with the POI's gloves, the POI's DNA was compatible with 22% (11/50) of the mixed DNA profile, aligning with the major in 8% of the cases (4/50). The DNA profiles of the offices' occupants were observed on the door handles, but not the AO's. In addition to the results of the experiments, we show two examples of how one can assess results observed in casework. Given the possibility of indirect transfer of minute DNA quantities, this research emphasizes the need to evaluate DNA results given the activities when the POI has a legitimate reason that can explain the presence of their DNA.
Topics: Humans; Male; DNA Fingerprinting; Touch; DNA; Hand; Criminals
PubMed: 36563530
DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2022.102823 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Jan 2022The newly released Spectrum Compact CE System by Promega is a capillary electrophoresis instrument developed for DNA-fragment separation and sequencing. In this study,...
The newly released Spectrum Compact CE System by Promega is a capillary electrophoresis instrument developed for DNA-fragment separation and sequencing. In this study, its compatibility to 8 commercial short tandem repeat (STR) kits from 4 different manufacturers, reproducibility (sizing precision, accuracy and concordance) and robustness (sensitivity and mixture resolution) were tested and compared to the ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer. The instrument was able to successfully analyse amplicons of all tested kits, proved to be as precise as claimed by manufacturer specifications and was shown to be more robust than the ABI PRISM® 310 Genetic Analyzer in some aspects. Analyses on the Spectrum Compact CE System were able to resolve peaks with length differences of 1-basepair in the short and long fragment range and mixtures of mixture ratios down to 1:30. We describe the advantages and limitations we have observed so far working with this instrument in our forensic genetics laboratory.
Topics: DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Microsatellite Repeats; Reproducibility of Results
PubMed: 34668071
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-021-02673-1 -
Revue Scientifique Et Technique... Aug 2001Traceback systems for cattle and small ruminants are of international concern after the outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the European Union and foot and... (Review)
Review
Traceback systems for cattle and small ruminants are of international concern after the outbreaks of bovine spongiform encephalopathy in the European Union and foot and mouth disease in the United Kingdom and South America. Implementation of a national or international identification system depends on meeting a balance between cost, reliability/durability, ease of use, data transfer speed, protection from fraud, avoidance of entry into the food chain and animal welfare issues. As of 1 January 2001, Canada has instituted a national identification programme for cattle, which will have annual operating and administrative costs of Can$0.20 per head, excluding ear tags. The system will provide herd of origin traceback and individual animal identification by ear tags for all beef cattle. A number of identification technologies are available that would have advantages over visual tags, but these are currently too costly without government support (electronic identification, deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] fingerprinting), too slow (DNA fingerprinting) or have not been tested sufficiently (retinal imaging) to warrant mandatory inclusion in a national traceback/identification system.
Topics: Animal Husbandry; Animal Identification Systems; Animal Welfare; Animals; Canada; Cattle; DNA Fingerprinting; Ear; Electronics; Goats; Retinal Vessels; Sheep; Tattooing
PubMed: 11548523
DOI: 10.20506/rst.20.2.1291 -
Poultry Science Aug 1997The development of DNA-based markers has had a revolutionary impact on gene mapping and, more generally, on all of animal and plant genetics. With DNA-based markers, it... (Review)
Review
The development of DNA-based markers has had a revolutionary impact on gene mapping and, more generally, on all of animal and plant genetics. With DNA-based markers, it is theoretically possible to exploit the entire diversity in DNA sequence that exists in any cross. For this reason, high resolution genetic maps are being developed at an unprecedented speed. The most commonly used DNA-based markers include those based on a cloned and (usually) sequenced DNA fragment and other, more random, assays for genetic polymorphism that can be grouped under the heading of fingerprint markers. The advantages and disadvantages of the various marker types are discussed, along with their application to the reference chicken genetic linkage maps and to the search for quantitative trait loci (QTL). The prospects for the use of DNA-based markers in marker-assisted selection are considered, along with likely future trends in poultry gene mapping. Further development of both physical and linkage genome maps of the chicken will allow animal scientists to more efficiently detect and characterize QTL and will provide them access to the wealth of genetic information that is being generated about the human genome and the genomes of model species, such as the mouse and Drosophila.
Topics: Animals; Biotechnology; Chickens; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Satellite; Female; Genetic Markers; Male; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Quantitative Trait, Heritable
PubMed: 9251136
DOI: 10.1093/ps/76.8.1108 -
Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi Oct 2022The previously established 38-plex InDel system was optimized and its performance was validated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Method (SWGDAM)...
OBJECTIVES
The previously established 38-plex InDel system was optimized and its performance was validated according to the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Method (SWGDAM) application guidelines. The ancestry inference accuracy of individuals from East Asian, European, African and mixed populations was verified.
METHODS
DNA standard sample 9947A was used as the template to establish the optimal amplification conditions by adjusting primer balance, Mg final concentration and optimizing PCR thermal cycle parameters and amplification volume. The allelic dropout, nonspecific amplification and whether the origin of the inferred samples matched the known information were compared to evaluate the performance of this system.
RESULTS
The optimal dosage of this system was 0.125-2 ng DNA template. The results of InDel typing were accurate, the amplification equilibrium was good, and the species specificity was good. This system showed certain tolerance to DNA samples including the inhibitor such as hemoglobin (≤80 μmol/L), indigo (≤40 mmol/L), calcium ion (≤1.0 mmol/L), and humic acid (≤90 ng/μL). The system enabled the direct amplification of DNA from saliva and blood on filter paper, and the results of ethnic inference were accurate. The system successfully detected the mixed DNA sample from two individuals. The test results of the system for common biological materials in practical cases were accurate.
CONCLUSIONS
The results of the 38-plex InDel system are accurate and reliable, and the performance of the system meets the requirement of the SWGDAM guidelines. This system can accurately differentiate the ancestry origins of individuals from African, European, East Asian, and Eurasian populations and can be implemented in forensic practice.
Topics: Humans; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Genotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; INDEL Mutation; Genetics, Population; Gene Frequency
PubMed: 36727178
DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.510105 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology May 1991The endonuclease restriction pattern (DNA fingerprinting) and the electrophoretic karyotype of 16 Candida parapsilosis isolates from environmental and clinical sources...
The endonuclease restriction pattern (DNA fingerprinting) and the electrophoretic karyotype of 16 Candida parapsilosis isolates from environmental and clinical sources were investigated. DNA from both whole cells and separated mitochondria was digested with enzymes, including EcoRI, BamHI, KpnI, BglII, HpaII, PvuII, and HindIII. Regardless of their source and pathogenic properties, all isolates showed a uniform, reproducible, and overlapping whole-cell DNA fingerprinting with each endonuclease digest. Mitochondrial DNA fragments were, in all cases, major contributors to the total cellular DNA restriction pattern. In contrast, the electrophoretic karyotype generated by rotating field gel electrophoresis (RFGE) or contour clamped homogeneous field electrophoresis (CHEF) showed a remarkable polymorphism among the isolates. This polymorphism concerned the smaller molecular size section of the karyotype (range, 1.8 to 0.7 Mb), where at least two to five chromosomal bands could be consistently detected by both RFGE and CHEF. Larger (greater than or equal to 3.0 to 1.9 Mb) chromosome-sized DNA bands (four in CHEF and three in RFGE) were quite distinct and common to all isolates. Thus, seven karyotype classes could be defined, on the basis of both the number and size of putative chromosomes. The three categories of isolates (soil, vaginal, and hematological) were not randomly distributed among the seven classes. In particular, the four hematological isolates had a karyotype pattern which was clearly distinct from that shown by the three environmental isolates, and of the nine vaginal isolates only one shared a class with isolates from another source (soil). Although tentative, the classification was totally consistent with the independent and reproducible results obtained by the two pulse-field electrophoretic techniques employed. It is suggested that the electrophoretic analysis of the karyotype might be particularly useful for epidemiological and pathogenicity studies on biotypes of C. parapsilosis.
Topics: Candida; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Fungal; Electrophoresis; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Karyotyping; Mycology
PubMed: 2056059
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.29.5.916-922.1991 -
International Journal of Legal Medicine Mar 2021RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) is the organic compound with the formula (O2NNCH2)3. It is a white solid material without smell or taste, widely used as an explosive....
RDX (Royal Demolition Explosive) is the organic compound with the formula (O2NNCH2)3. It is a white solid material without smell or taste, widely used as an explosive. It is more energetic explosive than TNT, and it was used widely in World War II. The estimated number of RDX-C4 cases in Bahrain ranged between the years 2015-2018 (May) with a total quantity of 370.72 KG in a total number of 38 cases. The effect of explosive RDX-C4 is very massive and can cause many causalities and fatalities among civilians and policemen. These cases consisted of adhesive film with tapes wrapped around RDX-C4 substance (Demolition Charge M112), black batteries, pipes, black bag contained RDX-C4, and in magnetic improvised explosive device (IED). Touch DNA recovery utilized different collection methods, such as nylon swabbing, tape lifting, and direct cutting of certain parts of the samples that were positive of RDX-C4 through DXR Raman Spectrometer. Samples were extracted and purified with magnetic beads chemistry and quantified. Low copy DNA extracts were subjected to a concentration step. DNA extracts were amplified and processed for detection to obtain reliable results using GlobalFiler Amplification PCR kit and run through ABI 3500xL Genetic Analyzer for fragment length determination. We have discovered that RDX-C4 cannot bind to the DNA nor to the solutions used in DNA typing. Thus, it does not cause DNA inhibition or degradation. From this point of view, we were successful in obtaining acceptable and fit results using advanced techniques. This study will be very useful and informative to assist the forensic community in terrorism case applications worldwide as terrorists do not respect geographical boundaries nor ethnicities of the victims, and the use of DNA profiling technology is the most suitable way to identify the terrorists and keep an end to their violence.
Topics: Bombs; DNA; DNA Fingerprinting; Explosive Agents; Humans; Specimen Handling; Touch; Triazines
PubMed: 32851472
DOI: 10.1007/s00414-020-02407-9