Review

Authors: Zhiping Yu, Valerie Muehleman

Eating disorders are complex diseases with multifactorial causes. According to the and the , the major types of eating disorders include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder. The prevalence of eating disorders is alarmingly increasing globally. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has led to more development and worsening of eating disorders. Patients with eating disorders exhibit high rates of psychiatric comorbidities and medical comorbidities such as obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. This paper aims to review and discuss the comorbidities of eating disorders with those metabolic diseases. Eating disorder treatment typically includes a combination of some or all approaches such as psychotherapy, nutrition education, and medications. Early detection and intervention are important for the treatment of eating disorders.

Topics: Humans; Pandemics; COVID-19; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Metabolic Diseases; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

PubMed: 36767812
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032446

Review

Authors: Solfrid Bratland-Sanda, Jorunn Sundgot-Borgen

The prevalence of disordered eating and eating disorders vary from 0-19% in male athletes and 6-45% in female athletes. The objective of this paper is to present an overview of eating disorders in adolescent and adult athletes including: (1) prevalence data; (2) suggested sport- and gender-specific risk factors and (3) importance of early detection, management and prevention of eating disorders. Additionally, this paper presents suggestions for future research which includes: (1) the need for knowledge regarding possible gender-specific risk factors and sport- and gender-specific prevention programmes for eating disorders in sports; (2) suggestions for long-term follow-up for female and male athletes with eating disorders and (3) exploration of a possible male athlete triad.

Topics: Athletes; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Global Health; Humans; Male; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Prevalence; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors

PubMed: 24050467
DOI: 10.1080/17461391.2012.740504

Review

Authors: Bing Feng, Jerney Harms, Emily Chen...

Eating disorders (EDs) are characterized by severe disturbances in eating behaviors and can sometimes be fatal. Eating disorders are also associated with distressing thoughts and emotions. They can be severe conditions affecting physical, psychological, and social functions. Preoccupation with food, body weight, and shape may also play an important role in the regulation of eating disorders. Common eating disorders have three major types: anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorder (BED). In some cases, EDs can have serious consequences for an individual's physical and mental health. These disorders often develop during adolescence or early adulthood and affect both males and females, although they are more commonly diagnosed in young adult females. Treatment for EDs typically involves a combination of therapy, nutrition counseling, and medical care. In this narrative review, the authors summarized what is known of EDs and discussed the future directions that may be worth exploring in this emerging area.

Topics: Male; Female; Young Adult; Adolescent; Humans; Adult; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Bulimia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Weight

PubMed: 37510558
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20146325

Authors: Phillipa Hay

This article presents current diagnostic conceptualisations of eating disorders, including new disorders such as binge eating disorder (BED) and avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). This is followed by contemporary findings in the epidemiology of eating disorders, their broad sociodemographic distribution and the increases in community prevalence. Advances and the current status of evidence-based treatment and outcomes for the main eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and BED are discussed with focus on first-line psychological therapies. Deficits in knowledge and directions for further research are highlighted, particularly with regard to treatments for BED and ARFID, how to improve treatment engagement and the management of osteopenia.

Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Avoidant Restrictive Food Intake Disorder; Binge-Eating Disorder; Bone Diseases, Metabolic; Bulimia Nervosa; Drug Therapy; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Prevalence; Psychotherapy; Refeeding Syndrome

PubMed: 31943622
DOI: 10.1111/imj.14691

Review

Authors: Guido K W Frank, Megan E Shott, Marisa C DeGuzman...

Eating disorders are severe psychiatric illnesses with a typical age of onset in adolescence. Brain research in youth and young adults may help us identify specific neurobiology that contributes to onset and maintenance of those disorders. This article provides a state-of-the-art review of our current understanding of the neurobiology of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. This includes brain structure and function studies to understand food restriction, binge-eating or purging behaviors, cognitive and emotional factors, as well as interoception. Binge-eating disorder and avoidant restrictive food intake disorder are also discussed, but the literature is still very small.

Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Binge-Eating Disorder; Brain; Bulimia Nervosa; Child; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Nerve Net; Neurobiology; Young Adult

PubMed: 31443880
DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.007

Review

Authors: Ana Paola Robatto, Carla de Magalhães Cunha, Luiza Amélia Cabus Moreira...

OBJECTIVES

To provide a narrative review of the main eating disorders (ED), specifically focusing on children and adolescents. This review also aims to help the pediatrician identify, diagnose, and refer children and adolescents affected by this medical condition and inform them about the multidisciplinary treatment applied to these disorders.

DATA SOURCE

The research was conducted in the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (Medline) databases via PubMed and Embase. Consolidated Guidelines and Guidebooks in the area were also included in the review to support the discussion of ED treatment in childhood and adolescence.

DATA SYNTHESIS

ED are psychiatric condition that usually begins in adolescence or young adulthood but can occur at any time of life, including in childhood, which has been increasingly frequent. Pediatricians are the first professionals to deal with the problem and, therefore, must be well trained in identifying and managing these disorders, which can be severe, and determine physical complications and quality of life of patients and their families.

CONCLUSION

ED has shown an increase in prevalence, as well as a reduction in the age of diagnosed patients, requiring adequate detection and referral by pediatricians. The treatment requires a specialized multidisciplinary team and is generally long-lasting for adequate recovery of affected individuals.

Topics: Child; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Quality of Life; Feeding and Eating Disorders

PubMed: 38158193
DOI: 10.1016/j.jped.2023.12.001

Authors: Rebecca Juli, Maria Rosaria Juli, Giada Juli...

Psychiatric comorbidity is present in more than 70% of people with an Eating Disorders (ED), before or during the acute state of illness or in the long-term course. These comorbidities include personality disorders (>53%), anxiety disorders (>50%), mood disorders (>40%) and substance abuse (>10%). This work aims to analyse the different treatments available for patients affected by eating disorders and other psychiatric comorbidity.

Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Personality Disorders; Anxiety Disorders; Comorbidity; Bulimia Nervosa

PubMed: 37800230
DOI: No ID Found

Authors: V Melchior, S Fuchs, G Scantamburlo...

Obesity is a chronic disease that is difficult to manage and is often punctuated by treatment failure. Screening for eating disorders, the prevalence of which is high in overweight patients, is essential in order to minimize the risk of relapse and the «yoyo» phenomenon. As the reason for consulting obese subjects is rare to be eating disorders from the outset, it is necessary to assess this behaviour from the first consultations, in order to propose a specific therapeutic approach aimed at stable weight loss in the long term.

Topics: Binge-Eating Disorder; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Humans; Obesity; Overweight

PubMed: 33543861
DOI: No ID Found

Review

Authors: Antonella Santonicola, Mario Gagliardi, Michele Pier Luca Guarino...

Eating disorders (ED) are frequently associated with a wide range of psychiatric or somatic comorbidities. The most relevant ED are anorexia nervosa (AN), bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge eating disorders (BED). Patients with ED exhibit both upper and lower gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Evidence of alterations throughout the GI tract in ED will be analyzed given the role of the GI tract in food intake and its regulation. It remains a matter of debate whether GI disorders are inherent manifestations of ED or the results of malnutrition occurring from ED. Moreover, recent clinical studies have highlighted the growing role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of ED, making it possible to hypothesize a modulation of intestinal microbiota as a co-adjuvant to standard therapy. The aim of this review is to analyze the link between ED and GI diseases and to present, where known, the potential key factors underlying these conditions. Conclusions: The presence of GI disorders should be investigated in patients with ED. Screening for ED should also be encouraged in individuals seeking treatment for unexplained GI complaints to better address therapeutic issues that surround these difficult medical conditions.

Topics: Feeding and Eating Disorders; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans

PubMed: 31842421
DOI: 10.3390/nu11123038

Review

Authors: Verónica Gaete P, Carolina López C

Eating disorders (ED) are very serious diseases that usually begin in adolescence and have, in general, been increasing in developing countries. In the country, there are currently several fac tors that hinder their prevention, detection, and treatment, where the lack of training of health professionals in this emerging issue appears as an important one. The purpose of this article is to contribute to the knowledge that pediatricians have about ED in adolescence, through an updated review of the literature on the subject. This publication addresses the main internatio nal classification of ED in use in the current scientific literature and the epidemiology, etiology, impact on comprehensive health, clinical presentation, and treatment of the most common ED in adolescence.

Topics: Adolescent; Chile; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Global Health; Humans; Pediatrics; Prevalence; Risk Factors

PubMed: 33399645
DOI: 10.32641/rchped.vi91i5.1534