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Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in... Oct 2012Cell division requires careful orchestration of three major events: entry into mitosis, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. Signaling within and between the... (Review)
Review
Cell division requires careful orchestration of three major events: entry into mitosis, chromosomal segregation, and cytokinesis. Signaling within and between the molecules that control these events allows for their coordination via checkpoints, a specific class of signaling pathways that ensure the dependency of cell-cycle events on the successful completion of preceding events. Multiple positive- and negative-feedback loops ensure that a cell is fully committed to division and that the events occur in the proper order. Unlike other signaling pathways, which integrate external inputs to decide whether to execute a given process, signaling at cell division is largely dedicated to completing a decision made in G1 phase-to initiate and complete a round of mitotic cell division. Instead of deciding if the events of cell division will take place, these signaling pathways entrain these events to the activation of the cell-cycle kinase cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1) and provide the opportunity for checkpoint proteins to arrest cell division if things go wrong.
Topics: CDC2 Protein Kinase; Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cell Division; DNA Damage; DNA Replication; Feedback, Physiological; Models, Biological; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 23028116
DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a005942 -
Current Biology : CB May 2021As the interface between the cell and its environment, the cell cortex must be able to respond to a variety of external stimuli. This is made possible in part by...
As the interface between the cell and its environment, the cell cortex must be able to respond to a variety of external stimuli. This is made possible in part by cortical excitability, a behavior driven by coupled positive and negative feedback loops that generate propagating waves of actin assembly in the cell cortex. Cortical excitability is best known for promoting cell protrusion and allowing the interpretation of and response to chemoattractant gradients in migrating cells. It has recently become apparent, however, that cortical excitability is involved in the response of the cortex to internal signals from the cell-cycle regulatory machinery and the spindle during cell division. Two overlapping functions have been ascribed to cortical excitability in cell division: control of cell division plane placement, and amplification of the activity of the small GTPase Rho at the equatorial cortex during cytokinesis. Here, we propose that cortical excitability explains several important yet poorly understood features of signaling during cell division. We also consider the potential advantages that arise from the use of cortical excitability as a signaling mechanism to regulate cortical dynamics in cell division.
Topics: Actins; Cell Division; Cytokinesis; Cytoplasm; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34033789
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.02.053 -
Biochemical Society Transactions Apr 2024Malaria, a vector borne disease, is a major global health and socioeconomic problem caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Plasmodium. The parasite alternates... (Review)
Review
Malaria, a vector borne disease, is a major global health and socioeconomic problem caused by the apicomplexan protozoan parasite Plasmodium. The parasite alternates between mosquito vector and vertebrate host, with meiosis in the mosquito and proliferative mitotic cell division in both hosts. In the canonical eukaryotic model, cell division is either by open or closed mitosis and karyokinesis is followed by cytokinesis; whereas in Plasmodium closed mitosis is not directly accompanied by concomitant cell division. Key molecular players and regulatory mechanisms of this process have been identified, but the pivotal role of certain protein complexes and the post-translational modifications that modulate their actions are still to be deciphered. Here, we discuss recent evidence for the function of known proteins in Plasmodium cell division and processes that are potential novel targets for therapeutic intervention. We also identify key questions to open new and exciting research to understand divergent Plasmodium cell division.
Topics: Plasmodium; Cell Division; Animals; Humans; Malaria; Protozoan Proteins; Mitosis; Cytokinesis; Meiosis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Host-Parasite Interactions
PubMed: 38563493
DOI: 10.1042/BST20230403 -
Microbiology Spectrum Jun 2022Biofilm-immobilized continuous fermentation is a novel fermentation strategy that has been utilized in ethanol fermentation. Continuous fermentation contributes to the...
Biofilm-immobilized continuous fermentation is a novel fermentation strategy that has been utilized in ethanol fermentation. Continuous fermentation contributes to the self-proliferation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae biofilms. Previously, we successfully described the cell cycle differences between biofilm-immobilized fermentation and calcium alginate-immobilized fermentation. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between biofilm formation and the cell cycle. We knocked down , , and and found that Δ and Δ exhibited a predominance of G/M phase cells, increased biofilm formation, and significantly increased extracellular polysaccharide formation and expression of genes in the gene family during immobilisation fermentation. Δ exhibited a contrasting performance. These findings suggest that the increase in the proportion of cells in the G/M phase of the cell cycle facilitates biofilm formation and that the cell cycle influences biofilm formation by regulating cell adhesion and polysaccharide formation. This opens new avenues for basic research and may also help to provide new ideas for biofilm prevention and optimization. Immobilised fermentation can be achieved using biofilm resistance, resulting in improved fermentation efficiency and yield. The link between the cell cycle and biofilms deserves further study since reports are lacking in this area. This study showed that the ability of Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce biofilm differed when cell cycle progression was altered. Further studies suggested that cell cycle regulatory genes influenced biofilm formation by regulating cell adhesion and polysaccharide formation. Findings related to cell cycle regulation of biofilm formation set the stage for biofilm in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and provide a theoretical basis for the development of a new method to improve biofilm-based industrial fermentation.
Topics: Biofilms; Cell Division; Ethanol; Fermentation; Polysaccharides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 35670600
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02765-21 -
Cells Nov 2022Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal... (Review)
Review
Cytokinesis, the conclusive act of cell division, allows cytoplasmic organelles and chromosomes to be faithfully partitioned between two daughter cells. In animal organisms, its accurate regulation is a fundamental task for normal development and for preventing aneuploidy. Cytokinesis failures produce genetically unstable tetraploid cells and ultimately result in chromosome instability, a hallmark of cancer cells. In animal cells, the assembly and constriction of an actomyosin ring drive cleavage furrow ingression, resulting in the formation of a cytoplasmic intercellular bridge, which is severed during abscission, the final event of cytokinesis. Kinase-mediated phosphorylation is a crucial process to orchestrate the spatio-temporal regulation of the different stages of cytokinesis. Several kinases have been described in the literature, such as cyclin-dependent kinase, polo-like kinase 1, and Aurora B, regulating both furrow ingression and/or abscission. However, others exist, with well-established roles in cell-cycle progression but whose specific role in cytokinesis has been poorly investigated, leading to considering these kinases as "minor" actors in this process. Yet, they deserve additional attention, as they might disclose unexpected routes of cell division regulation. Here, we summarize the role of multifunctional kinases in cytokinesis with a special focus on those with a still scarcely defined function during cell cleavage. Moreover, we discuss their implication in cancer.
Topics: Animals; Cytokinesis; Actomyosin; Cell Division; Phosphorylation; Actin Cytoskeleton
PubMed: 36429067
DOI: 10.3390/cells11223639 -
Current Biology : CB May 2020In this Primer, Nabais et al. discuss the evolution of the structure and function of centrioles and basal bodies, describe conserved centriole assembly features and the...
In this Primer, Nabais et al. discuss the evolution of the structure and function of centrioles and basal bodies, describe conserved centriole assembly features and the diversity in centriole architecture across eukaryotes, and highlight important outstanding evolutionary questions concerning centriole assembly.
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Centrioles; Eukaryota; Evolution, Molecular; Phylogeny
PubMed: 32428489
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.02.036 -
Cell Feb 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Cell Division; Cell-Free System; Humans; Mutation; Organelles; Saccharomyces cerevisiae
PubMed: 8608593
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81284-2 -
Developmental Cell Aug 2012The mitotic checkpoint evolved to prevent cell division when chromosomes have not established connections with the chromosome segregation machinery. Many of the... (Review)
Review
The mitotic checkpoint evolved to prevent cell division when chromosomes have not established connections with the chromosome segregation machinery. Many of the fundamental molecular principles that underlie the checkpoint, its spatiotemporal activation, and its timely inactivation have been uncovered. Most of these are conserved in eukaryotes, but important differences between species exist. Here we review current concepts of mitotic checkpoint activation and silencing. Guided by studies in model organisms and our phylogenomics analysis of checkpoint constituents and their functional domains and motifs, we highlight ancient and taxa-specific aspects of the core checkpoint modules in the context of mitotic checkpoint function.
Topics: Animals; Biocatalysis; Evolution, Molecular; Humans; M Phase Cell Cycle Checkpoints; Signal Transduction; Ubiquitination
PubMed: 22898774
DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2012.06.013 -
British Journal of Cancer Dec 1969
Topics: Carcinogens; Cell Division; Chromosome Aberrations; Homozygote; Models, Biological; Mutagens; Oncogenic Viruses; Polyploidy
PubMed: 5367334
DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1969.92 -
British Medical Journal Apr 1951
Topics: Cell Division; Humans; Mitosis
PubMed: 14821537
DOI: No ID Found