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Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology... Oct 2022Genital tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of female infertility. Paucibacillary nature of the disease in the female genital system often makes its diagnosis...
BACKGROUND
Genital tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of female infertility. Paucibacillary nature of the disease in the female genital system often makes its diagnosis difficult. No single test has been able to accurately diagnose genital tuberculosis. In this study we aim to compare conventional diagnostic tests for tuberculosis like Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) Staining, Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) Culture and Histopathology with newer tests like PCR, MGIT 960, GeneXpert.
METHODS
This study included 67 infertile women from Vardhman Mahavir Medical College and Safdarjung Hospital, New Delhi. They were subjected to detailed history and routine investigations, namely Haemogram, ESR, Mantoux test, Chest X-ray and pelvic ultrasound to look for the findings of tuberculosis. A premenstrual endometrial aspirate was taken and was subjected to the AFB Staining, LJ Culture, Histopathology, PCR, MGIT 960, Gene Xpert, and the test results were compared.
RESULT AND CONCLUSION
35.8% (24/67) of women were diagnosed with genital tuberculosis using the diagnostic criteria. With culture as the gold standard, the positivity of genital TB was 19.4% (13/67). Majority of infertile patients with low index of suspicion clinically were positive for genital tuberculosis. Therefore, all the patients of infertility should be routinely evaluated for genital tuberculosis. PCR and MGIT 960 have shown promising results in the newer methods. LJ culture and histopathology are still the most reliable and available diagnostic methods. The usefulness of AFB Staining and GeneXpert remains questionable.
PubMed: 36458068
DOI: 10.1007/s13224-022-01629-8 -
Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and... Sep 2016(1) To study the different patterns of presentations of tuberculosis in Head and Neck region. (2) To know the importance and reliability of ESR and Mantoux test as an...
(1) To study the different patterns of presentations of tuberculosis in Head and Neck region. (2) To know the importance and reliability of ESR and Mantoux test as an aid in diagnosis of tuberculosis. This study was conducted at Department of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery, Gandhi Medical College, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh from January 2014 to June 2015. Patients presenting with lesions in the Head and Neck region suspected of tuberculosis were subjected for cytological and histological investigations. Those cases confirmed to be tuberculosis on the basis of either of these tests were included in the study. Study comprised of 113 proven cases of tuberculosis of Head and Neck region. A female preponderance of 1:1.97 (M:F) ratio was noted. Most commonly involved structure was cervical lymph node (92.92 %) followed by larynx, skin and oral mucosa (1.76 %). It was also noted that Mantoux test was positive in 93.8 % of patients and ESR was >30 mm (first hour) in 95.5 % of patients with tuberculosis. Most common presentation of Tuberculosis in Head and Neck area was cervical lymphadenopathy. In a developing country like India the population is mostly in the lower socioeconomic strata. Access to various modern investigations is limited and diagnosis is challenging. Here ESR and Mantoux test are helpful in purusing the case for further evaluation. Based on these pointers cytologically negative cases can be taken up for biopsy.
PubMed: 27508125
DOI: 10.1007/s12070-015-0923-7 -
BMJ Case Reports Oct 2011Choroidal tuberculosis (TB) infection may present itself as a diffuse choroiditis that resembles serpiginous choroiditis, usually treated with immunossupressants. Recent...
Choroidal tuberculosis (TB) infection may present itself as a diffuse choroiditis that resembles serpiginous choroiditis, usually treated with immunossupressants. Recent studies have demonstrated that patients with serpiginous-like choroiditis and evidence of systemic or latent TB are best treated with antituberculosis treatment (ATT) in addition to the corticosteroid therapy. The authors present a case of a 58-year-old man with decreased vision in his left eye. His best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20 right eye and 20/200 left eye. Funduscopic examination revealed a diffuse choroiditis. Mantoux skin test showed an area of induration measuring 30×35 mm and the patient started ATT with complete resolution of retinal lesions after 2 weeks of treatment. His final visual acuity was 20/25 in the left eye with no recurrences over a follow-up of 6 months. The use of ATT in these patients is likely to reduce active inflammation and eliminate future recurrences.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Choroiditis; Drug Combinations; Humans; Isoniazid; Male; Middle Aged; Pyrazinamide; Rifampin; Tuberculosis, Ocular; Vision Disorders
PubMed: 22675097
DOI: 10.1136/bcr.08.2011.4654 -
Vaccine Mar 2017In a single-center study, 66 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 50years were randomized to be immunized against rabies with three different injection routes:...
In a single-center study, 66 healthy volunteers aged between 18 and 50years were randomized to be immunized against rabies with three different injection routes: intradermal with DebioJect™ (IDJ), standard intradermal with classical needle (IDS), also called Mantoux method, and intramuscular with classical needle (IM). "Vaccin rabique Pasteur®" and saline solution (NaCl 0.9%) were administered at D0, D7 and D28. Antigen doses for both intradermal routes were 1/5 of the dose for IM. Tolerability, safety and induced immunogenicity of IDJ were compared to IDS and IM routes. Pain was evaluated at needle insertion and at product injection for all vaccination visits. Solicited Adverse Event (SolAE) and local reactogenicity symptoms including pain, redness and pruritus were recorded daily following each vaccination visit. Adverse events (AE) were recorded over the whole duration of the study. Humoral immune response was measured by assessing the rabies virus neutralizing antibody (VNA) titers using Rapid Fluorescent Focus Inhibition Test (RFFIT). Results demonstrated that the DebioJect™ is a safe, reliable and efficient device. Significant decreases of pain at needle insertion and at vaccine injection were reported with IDJ compared to IDS and IM. All local reactogenicity symptoms (pain, redness and pruritus) after injection with either vaccine or saline solution, were similar for IDJ and IDS, except that IDJ injection induced more redness 30min after saline solution. No systemic SolAE was deemed related to DebioJect™ and classical needles. No AE was deemed related to DebioJect™. No Serious Adverse Event (SAE) was reported during the study. At the end of the study all participants were considered immunized against rabies and no significant difference in humoral response was observed between the 3 studied routes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Neutralizing; Antibodies, Viral; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Injections, Intradermal; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Middle Aged; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Rabies; Rabies Vaccines; Vaccination; Young Adult
PubMed: 28317660
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.069 -
Vaccine Dec 2021In randomized trials, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality. BCG-induced Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) reactions have... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
In randomized trials, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine has been associated with reduced all-cause mortality. BCG-induced Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) reactions have also been associated with reduced all-cause mortality. We aimed to assess the association between TST responses and subsequent mortality in three birth cohorts and conducted a meta-analysis of existing studies.
METHODS
Observational study within three Guinea-Bissau BCG trial birth cohorts (conducted 2002-04, 2009-2013 and 2014-18) that encompassed children who were BCG-vaccinated within 28 days with TSTs performed at 2- (n = 1389) and 6-months (n = 2635) of age. We evaluated TST reaction determinants by binomial regression and assessed the association between TSTs > 1 mm (reactors) vs. ≤ 1 mm (non-reactors) and subsequent mortality risk up to age 12 months in Cox-models providing Mortality Rate Ratios (MRRs). We searched PubMed for studies to calculate meta-estimates of the association between TST reactivity by age 2- and 6-months and all-cause mortality.
RESULTS
Large post-vaccination wheal size was associated with 6-month TST positivity and so was receiving BCG-Denmark or BCG-Japan, compared with BCG-Russia. By age 2 months, 22% (302/1389) of infants were TST reactors with a 2-12-month mortality risk of 1.7% (5/302) vs. 3.3% (36/1087) for non-reactors, the corresponding reactor/non-reactor MRR = 0.49 (0.19-1.26). By age 6 months, 44% (1149/2635) of infants were reactors and the 6-12-month mortality risk was 0.4% (4/1149) vs. 0.6% (9/1486) for non-reactors, the MRR = 0.87 (0.27-2.86). The literature search provided 3 studies. The meta-analysis revealed a uniform pattern of reduced mortality associated with TST reactivity, a TST response by 2 months being associated with an MRR of 0.59 (0.39-0.90); for 6-month TST responses the MRR was 0.65 (0.43-1.00).
CONCLUSION
Among BCG-vaccinated infants, TST reactions were associated with markedly reduced mortality. Improved vaccination technique and using certain BCG strains could lead to a higher TST reaction prevalence, which would enhance BCG's beneficial non-specific effects.
Topics: BCG Vaccine; Birth Cohort; Child; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Observational Studies as Topic; Tuberculin; Tuberculin Test; Vaccination
PubMed: 34226104
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.06.077 -
Biochemia Medica 2015Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and glucose examinations are usually performed in chemical pathology departments on autoanalysers. Tuberculosis (TB) is a group 3... (Review)
Review
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) protein and glucose examinations are usually performed in chemical pathology departments on autoanalysers. Tuberculosis (TB) is a group 3 biological agent under Directive 2000/54/EC of the European Parliament but in the biochemistry laboratory, no extra precautions are taken in its analysis in possible TB cases. The issue of laboratory practice and safety in the biochemical analyses of CSF specimens, when tuberculosis infection is in question is addressed in the context of ambiguity in the implementation of current national and international health and safety regulations. Additional protective measures for laboratory staff during the analysis of CSF TB samples should force a change in current laboratory practice and become a regulatory issue under ISO 15189. Annual Mantoux skin test or an interferon-γ release assay for TB should be mandatory for relevant staff. This manuscript addresses the issue of biochemistry laboratory practice and safety in the biochemical analyses of CSF specimens when tuberculosis infection is in question in the context of the ambiguity of statutory health and safety regulations.
Topics: Autoanalysis; Automation, Laboratory; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cerebrospinal Fluid Proteins; Containment of Biohazards; Glucose; Humans; Infection Control; Ireland; Laboratory Infection; Medical Laboratory Personnel; Occupational Health; Professional Practice; Safety Management; Specimen Handling; Tuberculosis; United Kingdom
PubMed: 26526598
DOI: 10.11613/BM.2015.035 -
Advanced Biomedical Research 2015Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease in the community, with various complications. An appropriate solution is immunosuppressive drugs, which may lead to...
BACKGROUND
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease in the community, with various complications. An appropriate solution is immunosuppressive drugs, which may lead to weakening of the cellular immune system and body unresponsiveness to tuberculosis (TB). As TB sensitivity is determined by the amount of induration created in the Purified Protein Derivative (PPD) test, this study aims to evaluate the immune response to the PPD test and its booster in RA patients.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study was performed on rheumatoid arthritis patients referred to Alzahra Hospital, Isfahan, treated with ‹20 mg glucocorticoid daily or 7.5 mg Methotrexate (MTX) weekly. The sampling method was simple and accessible. The PPD test was performed in patients using the Mantoux method after 72 hours, and seven days later, the results were interpreted in 72 hours after the PPD booster injection. Induration ≥5 mm was considered to be positive. The data was analyzed using the SPSS software.
RESULTS
Nineteen patients had positive results in the initial and reminder tests and 81 patients had negative results in both tests. Six patients (6.9%) with negative results in the initial test changed to positive in the reminder test. There was no positive result in the initial test and negative result in the reminder one. The frequency distribution of the reminder test, based on the initial test was significant (P < 0.001). Also, the McNemar test showed that the changes in the reminder test based on the initial test had a significant difference (P = 0.031).
CONCLUSION
It seems that in the endemic and developing areas, the PPD booster is applicable for diagnosing latent tuberculosis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
PubMed: 26015906
DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.156638 -
PloS One Jan 2008Studies of Tuberculosis (TB) case contacts are increasingly being utilised for understanding the relationship between M. tuberculosis and the human host and for...
BACKGROUND
Studies of Tuberculosis (TB) case contacts are increasingly being utilised for understanding the relationship between M. tuberculosis and the human host and for assessing new interventions and diagnostic tests. We aimed to identify the incidence rate of new TB cases among TB contacts and to relate this to their initial Mantoux and ELISPOT test results.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
After initial Mantoux and ELISPOT tests and exclusion of co-prevalent TB cases, we followed 2348 household contacts of sputum smear positive TB cases. We visited them at 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, 18 months and 24 months, and investigated those with symptoms consistent with TB. Those who were diagnosed separately at a government clinic had a chest x-ray. Twenty six contacts were diagnosed with definite TB over 4312 person years of follow-up (Incidence rate 603/100,000 person years; 95% Confidence Interval, 370-830). Nine index and secondary case pairs had cultured isolates available for genotyping. Of these, 6 pairs were concordant and 3 were discordant. 2.5% of non-progressors were HIV positive compared to 12% of progressors (HR 6.2; 95% CI 1.7-22.5; p = 0.010). 25 secondary cases had initial Mantoux results, 14 (56%) were positive ; 21 had initial ELISPOT results, 11 (52%) were positive; 15 (71%) of 21 tested were positive by one or the other test. Of the 6 contacts who had concordant isolates with their respective index case, 4 (67%) were Mantoux positive at recruitment, 3 (50%) were ELISPOT positive; 5 (83%) were positive by one or other of the two tests. ELISPOT positive contacts, and those with discordant results, had a similar rate of progression to those who were Mantoux positive. Those negative on either or both tests had the lowest rate of progression.
CONCLUSIONS
The incidence rate of TB disease in Gambian TB case contacts, after screening for co-prevalent cases, was 603/100,000 person years. Since initial ELISPOT test and Mantoux tests were each positive in only just over half of cases, but 71% were positive by one or other test, positivity by either might be the best indication for preventive treatment. These data do not support the replacement of the Mantoux test by an ELISPOT test in The Gambia or similar settings.
Topics: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gambia; Humans; Incidence; Predictive Value of Tests; Skin Tests; Tuberculosis
PubMed: 18167540
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001379 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Aug 2019A 47-year-old female presented with optic disc oedema, peripapillary subretinal fluid and scattered areas of choroiditis. Her ultrasound B-scan showed sclerochoroidal... (Review)
Review
A 47-year-old female presented with optic disc oedema, peripapillary subretinal fluid and scattered areas of choroiditis. Her ultrasound B-scan showed sclerochoroidal thickening with widening of sub-Tenon space. Subsequent investigations revealed a positive Mantoux test and high-resolution computed tomography of the chest was suggestive of pulmonary involvement. She responded well to antitubercular treatment and systemic corticosteroid. A review of the literature was conducted to identify additional reports on similar cases and discussed. A high index of suspicion and appropriate laboratory work-up can aid in the diagnosis of tuberculous posterior scleritis.
Topics: Antitubercular Agents; Choroiditis; Coloring Agents; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Female; Fluorescein Angiography; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Indocyanine Green; Middle Aged; Papilledema; Scleritis; Subretinal Fluid; Tuberculosis, Ocular; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 31332144
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1942_18 -
Cureus May 2020Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries. It can affect any organ of the body, and can have a multitude of clinical presentations. We...
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in developing countries. It can affect any organ of the body, and can have a multitude of clinical presentations. We present the case of a 22-year-old male who presented with fever, abdominal pain, and weight loss, and was found to have enlarged liver and spleen, both studded with multiple microabscesses. He had deranged liver functions, mild anemia, and elevated acute phase reactants. Examination of the aspirate from the liver did not reveal any organism on microscopy or culture. Based on the demographics, history of contact with a TB patient, positive Mantoux test, and clinical and radiological features, the patient was successfully managed with empirical treatment for TB.
PubMed: 32596067
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.8247