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Plant Biotechnology Journal Feb 2021The rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease causes severe rice yield losses in Asia. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely applied to develop antiviral...
The rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) disease causes severe rice yield losses in Asia. RNA interference (RNAi) has been widely applied to develop antiviral varieties in plants. So far, only a few studies reported the application of RNAi in rice against RBSDV and most of them are lack of enough data to support its breeding potential, which limited the progress on developing RBSDV-resistant variety. In this study, we generated three RNAi constructs to specifically target three RBSDV genes (S1, S2 and S6), respectively. We confirmed that RNAi targeting RBSDV S6 conferred rice with almost full immunity to RBSDV through phenotyping test in eight consecutive years in both artificial inoculation and field trials, while RNAi of S1 or S2 only leads to partially increased resistance. The S6RNAi was also found conferring strong resistance to southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), a novel species closely related to RBSDV that outbroke recently in Southern China. In particular, no adverse effects on agronomical and developmental traits were found in S6RNAi transgenic lines. The marker-free transgenic lines with S6RNAi, driven by either maize ubiquitin-1 promoter or rice rbcS green tissue expression promoter, in elite rice background should have great potential in breeding of resistant varieties to both RBSDV and SRBSDV and provide a basis for further safety evaluation and commercial application.
Topics: China; Oryza; Plant Breeding; Plant Diseases; RNA Interference; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 32741105
DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13459 -
Circulation Jan 2019Despite the availability of proven treatments for some patients with heart failure (HF), many patients—particularly those with HF and preserved ejection fraction...
Despite the availability of proven treatments for some patients with heart failure (HF), many patients—particularly those with HF and preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)—remain difficult to treat, resulting in persistently high morbidity and mortality in the majority of HF patients. The lack of effective treatments, disappointing results of many HF randomized clinical trials (RCT), and variable treatment responses even for proven therapies are all possible reasons for the poor prognosis of HF patients. In the context of this backdrop, it is not surprising that there has been growing interest and enthusiasm for “precision medicine” in order to improve outcomes for patients who suffer from the HF syndrome.
Topics: Amyloidosis; Heart; Humans; Prealbumin; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 30664380
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037593 -
Molecular Cancer Mar 2023PIWI proteins have a strong correlation with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which are significant in development and reproduction of organisms. Recently, emerging... (Review)
Review
PIWI proteins have a strong correlation with PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), which are significant in development and reproduction of organisms. Recently, emerging evidences have indicated that apart from the reproductive function, PIWI/piRNAs with abnormal expression, also involve greatly in varieties of human cancers. Moreover, human PIWI proteins are usually expressed only in germ cells and hardly in somatic cells, so the abnormal expression of PIWI proteins in different types of cancer offer a promising opportunity for precision medicine. In this review, we discussed current researches about the biogenesis of piRNA, its epigenetic regulatory mechanisms in human cancers, such as N6-methyladenosine (mA) methylation, histone modifications, DNA methylation and RNA interference, providing novel insights into the markers for clinical diagnosis, treatment and prognosis in human cancers.
Topics: Humans; Piwi-Interacting RNA; Neoplasms; Epigenesis, Genetic; DNA Methylation; RNA Interference
PubMed: 36882835
DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01749-3 -
IUBMB Life Apr 2015Cellular senescence is a stress response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic insults that cause genomic or epigenomic perturbations. It is now widely recognized as a... (Review)
Review
Cellular senescence is a stress response to a variety of extrinsic and intrinsic insults that cause genomic or epigenomic perturbations. It is now widely recognized as a potent tumor suppressor mechanism as well as a biological process impacting aging and organismal development. Like other cell fate decisions, senescence is executed and maintained by an intricate network of transcription factors (TFs), chromatin modifiers, and noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Altogether, these factors cooperate to implement the gene expression program that initiates and sustains the senescent phenotype. In the context of senescence, microRNAs (miRs) and long ncRNAs have been found to play regulatory roles at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the field and point toward future research directions to gain a better understanding of ncRNAs in senescence.
Topics: Animals; Cellular Senescence; Humans; MicroRNAs; RNA Interference; RNA, Long Noncoding
PubMed: 25990945
DOI: 10.1002/iub.1373 -
The New Phytologist Oct 2023RNA interference (RNAi) is arguably one of the more versatile mechanisms in cell biology, facilitating the fine regulation of gene expression and protection against... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) is arguably one of the more versatile mechanisms in cell biology, facilitating the fine regulation of gene expression and protection against mobile genomic elements, whilst also constituting a key aspect of induced plant immunity. More recently, the use of this mechanism to regulate gene expression in heterospecific partners - cross-kingdom RNAi (ckRNAi) - has been shown to form a critical part of bidirectional interactions between hosts and endosymbionts, regulating the interplay between microbial infection mechanisms and host immunity. Here, we review the current understanding of ckRNAi as it relates to interactions between plants and their pathogenic and mutualistic endosymbionts, with particular emphasis on evidence in support of ckRNAi in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis.
Topics: Symbiosis; Mycorrhizae; RNA Interference; Plants
PubMed: 37452489
DOI: 10.1111/nph.19122 -
Current Opinion in Plant Biology Jun 2021When an mRNA enters into the RNA degradation pathway called RNA interference (RNAi), it is cleaved into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that then target complementary... (Review)
Review
When an mRNA enters into the RNA degradation pathway called RNA interference (RNAi), it is cleaved into small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) that then target complementary mRNAs for destruction. The consequence of entry into RNAi is mRNA degradation, post-transcriptional silencing and in some cases transcriptional silencing. RNAi functions as a defense against transposable element and virus activity, and in plants, RNAi additionally plays a role in development by regulating some genes. However, it is unknown how specific transcripts are selected for RNAi, and how most genic mRNAs steer clear. This Current Opinion article explores the key question of how RNAs are selected for entry into RNAi, and proposes models that enable the cell to distinguish between transcripts to translate versus destroy.
Topics: DNA Transposable Elements; Plants; RNA Interference; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 33657510
DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102014 -
Plant Science : An International... Jan 2019Non-cell autonomous RNA silencing can spread from cell to cell and over long-distances in animals and plants. This process is genetically determined and requires mobile... (Review)
Review
Non-cell autonomous RNA silencing can spread from cell to cell and over long-distances in animals and plants. This process is genetically determined and requires mobile RNA signals. Genetic requirement and molecular nature of the mobile signals for non-cell-autonomous RNA silencing were intensively investigated in past few decades. No consensus dogma for mobile silencing can be reached in plants, yet published data are sometimes inconsistent and controversial. Thus, the genetic requirements and molecular signals involved in plant mobile silencing are still poorly understood. This article revisits our present understanding of intercellular and systemic non-cell autonomous RNA silencing, and summarises current debates on RNA signals for mobile silencing. In particular, we discuss new evidence on siRNA mobility, a DCL2-dependent genetic network for mobile silencing and its potential biological relevance as well as 22 nt siRNA being a mobile signal for non-cell-autonomous silencing in both Arabidopsis and Nicotiana benthamiana. This sets up a new trend in unravelling genetic components and small RNA signal molecules for mobile silencing in (across) plants and other organisms of different kingdoms. Finally we raise several outstanding questions that need to be addressed in future plant silencing research.
Topics: Cell Communication; Models, Genetic; Plants; RNA Interference
PubMed: 30471724
DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2018.10.025 -
Molecular Plant Feb 2018Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small... (Review)
Review
Fungal pathogens represent a major group of plant invaders that are the causative agents of many notorious plant diseases. Large quantities of RNAs, especially small RNAs involved in gene silencing, have been found to transmit bidirectionally between fungal pathogens and their hosts. Although host-induced gene silencing (HIGS) technology has been developed and applied to protect crops from fungal infections, the mechanisms of RNA transmission, especially small RNAs regulating trans-kingdom RNA silencing in plant immunity, are largely unknown. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent important findings regarding trans-kingdom sRNAs and RNA silencing in plant-fungal pathogen interactions compared with the well-known RNAi mechanisms in plants and fungi. We focus on the interactions between plant and fungal pathogens with broad hosts, represented by the vascular pathogen Verticillium dahliae and non-vascular pathogen Botrytis cinerea, and discuss the known instances of natural RNAi transmission between fungal pathogens and host plants. Given that HIGS has been developed and recently applied in controlling Verticillium wilt diseases, we propose an ideal research system exploiting plant vasculature-Verticillium interaction to further study trans-kingdom RNA silencing.
Topics: Botrytis; Gene Silencing; MicroRNAs; Plant Diseases; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Verticillium
PubMed: 29229568
DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2017.12.001 -
Biotechnology Advances 2020RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA (sRNA) molecules sequence-specifically silence gene expression at the transcriptional or... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) is a biological process in which small RNA (sRNA) molecules sequence-specifically silence gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level, either by directing inhibitory chromatin modifications or by decreasing the stability or translation potential of the targeted mRNA. The trigger for gene silencing is double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) generated from an endogenous genomic locus or a foreign source, such as a transgene or virus. The process of gene silencing can be exploited in agriculture to control plant diseases and pests. Of the pests that impact crop yield (including nematodes, arthropods, rodents, snails, slugs and birds), insects constitute the largest and most diverse group. Here, we review the "pros" and "cons" of using RNAi technology mediated by dsRNA-expressing transgenic plants (host-induced gene silencing, HIGS) or direct application of chemically synthesized dsRNA to control plant-damaging insects. Rapid progress in elucidating RNAi mechanisms has led to the first commercial products on the market. Given the high potential of RNAi strategies, their use in agriculture, horticulture, and forestry will likely be extensive in the future. However, further studies are needed to improve the efficacy of RNAi-based plant protection strategies and to assess their associated safety risks.
Topics: Animals; Insect Control; Insecta; Plants, Genetically Modified; RNA Interference; RNA, Double-Stranded
PubMed: 31678220
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2019.107463 -
International Journal of Cancer Jan 2020
Topics: Humans; Publishing; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 31454067
DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32641