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FEBS Letters May 2006RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression to control cell development and differentiation. In plants, insects and nematodes RNAi... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of gene expression to control cell development and differentiation. In plants, insects and nematodes RNAi also functions as an innate defence response against viruses. Similarly, there is accumulating evidence that RNAi functions as an antiviral defence mechanism in mammalian cells. Viruses have evolved highly sophisticated mechanisms for interacting with the host cell machinery, and recent evidence indicates that this also involves RNAi pathways. The cellular RNAi machinery can inhibit virus replication, but viruses may also exploit the RNAi machinery for their own replication. In addition, viruses can encode proteins or RNA molecules that suppress existing RNAi pathways or trigger the silencing of specific host genes. Besides the natural interplay between RNAi and viruses, induced RNAi provides an attractive therapy approach for the fight against human pathogenic viruses. Here, we summarize the latest news on virus-RNAi interactions and RNAi based antiviral therapy.
Topics: Animals; Hepacivirus; Humans; RNA Interference; RNA, Messenger; Virus Inactivation
PubMed: 16563388
DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2006.02.070 -
Cell Oct 2002In RNA-mediated interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) target complementary mRNAs for degradation. New work demonstrates that essential chromosomal functions...
In RNA-mediated interference (RNAi), double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) target complementary mRNAs for degradation. New work demonstrates that essential chromosomal functions are mediated through RNAi protein components and short RNAs, which alter chromosome function at specific DNA loci via histone modification.
Topics: Animals; Chromosome Breakage; Chromosomes; Gene Silencing; Models, Genetic; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Schizosaccharomyces; Tetrahymena
PubMed: 12408860
DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(02)01039-5 -
Virology May 2015RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host... (Review)
Review
RNA silencing is a homology-dependent gene inactivation mechanism that regulates a wide range of biological processes including antiviral defense. To deal with host antiviral responses viruses evolved mechanisms to avoid or counteract this, most notably through expression of viral suppressors of RNA silencing. Besides working as silencing suppressors, these proteins may also fulfill other functions during infection. In many cases the interplay between the suppressor function and other "unrelated" functions remains elusive. We will present host factors implicated in antiviral pathways and summarize the current status of knowledge about the diverse viral suppressors' strategies acting at various steps of antiviral silencing in plants. Besides, we will consider the multi-functionality of these versatile proteins and related biochemical processes in which they may be involved in fine-tuning the plant-virus interaction. Finally, we will present the current applications and discuss perspectives of the use of these proteins in molecular biology and biotechnology.
Topics: Host-Pathogen Interactions; Immune Evasion; Plant Viruses; Plants; RNA Interference; Viral Proteins
PubMed: 25766638
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2015.02.028 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics May 2008A new technique of gene regulation, termed RNA interference, has emerged recently. RNA interference utilizes short double-stranded RNA to inhibit selectively gene... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
A new technique of gene regulation, termed RNA interference, has emerged recently. RNA interference utilizes short double-stranded RNA to inhibit selectively gene expression of complementary RNA nucleotide sequences after transcription, but prior to translation. Gastrointestinal and hepatic disorders may be particularly amenable to therapeutic RNA interference intervention because of the relative ease of delivery of drugs to the gastrointestinal tract and liver.
AIM
To examine the published literature for potential clinical uses of RNA interference in gastroenterology and speculate on future therapies for luminal disease.
METHODS
Reports were identified using PubMed and the search term 'RNA interference', focusing on therapeutic uses related to gastrointestinal and liver disease.
RESULTS
Cellular and animal models demonstrate the potential application of short-interfering RNA-based therapies for viral hepatitis and inflammatory bowel disease. With validation of specific targets and better in vivo delivery of short-interfering RNA, RNA interference may represent a new frontier for molecular-targeted therapy in gastroenterology and hepatology.
CONCLUSIONS
Short-interfering RNA provides a novel and specific means to inhibit gene expression. Translation to the clinical arena will require further definition of side-effects, off-target effects and delivery systems. Ultimately, mucosally applied or endoscopically delivered short-interfering RNA could be one of the earliest clinical uses of short-interfering RNA therapy.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Liver Diseases; Neoplasms; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering
PubMed: 18248657
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2008.03634.x -
Zhongguo Fei Ai Za Zhi = Chinese... Feb 2013RNA interference is a homologous mRNA special degradation phenomenon which is caused by the double-stranded RNA. RNAi library is a pooled library that is artificially... (Review)
Review
RNA interference is a homologous mRNA special degradation phenomenon which is caused by the double-stranded RNA. RNAi library is a pooled library that is artificially constructed using RNAi technology. As RNAi library has made a major breakthrough in the field of genetic research, it has been widely used in the field of medical research, especially in the field of cancer research. This review discussed the research progress of RNAi library and its applications in cancer research.
Topics: Animals; Gene Library; Genetic Vectors; Humans; Neoplasms; RNA Interference; Research Design; Viruses
PubMed: 23425903
DOI: 10.3779/j.issn.1009-3419.2013.02.08 -
Genetics Jan 2007RNA interference (RNAi) in tissue culture cells has emerged as an excellent methodology for identifying gene functions systematically and in an unbiased manner. Here, we... (Review)
Review
RNA interference (RNAi) in tissue culture cells has emerged as an excellent methodology for identifying gene functions systematically and in an unbiased manner. Here, we describe how RNAi high-throughput screening (HTS) in Drosophila cells are currently being performed and emphasize the strengths and weaknesses of the approach. Further, to demonstrate the versatility of the technology, we provide examples of the various applications of the method to problems in signal transduction and cell and developmental biology. Finally, we discuss emerging technological advances that will extend RNAi-based screening methods.
Topics: Animals; Developmental Biology; Genome; Humans; Phenotype; RNA Interference
PubMed: 17244760
DOI: 10.1534/genetics.106.069963 -
Oncotarget Jun 2015
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Diet; Humans; MicroRNAs; RNA Interference
PubMed: 26116837
DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4357 -
Placenta Oct 2012Studies in primary human trophoblasts provide critical insights into placental function in normal and complicated pregnancies. Mechanistic studies in these cells require... (Review)
Review
Studies in primary human trophoblasts provide critical insights into placental function in normal and complicated pregnancies. Mechanistic studies in these cells require experimental tools to modulate gene expression. Lipid-based methods to transfect primary trophoblasts are fairly simple to use and allow for the efficient delivery of nucleic acids, but potential toxic effects limit these methods. Viral vectors are versatile transfection tools of native trophoblastic or foreign cDNAs, providing high transfection efficiency, low toxicity and stable DNA integration into the trophoblast genome. RNA interference (RNAi), using small interfering RNA (siRNA) or microRNA, constitutes a powerful approach to silence trophoblast genes. However, off-target effects, such as regulation of unintended complementary transcripts, inflammatory responses and saturation of the endogenous RNAi machinery, are significant concerns. Strategies to minimize off-target effects include using multiple individual siRNAs, elimination of pro-inflammatory sequences in the siRNA construct and chemical modification of a nucleotide in the guide strand or of the ribose moiety. Tools for efficient gene targeting in primary human trophoblasts are currently available, albeit not yet extensively validated. These methods are critical for exploring the function of human trophoblast genes and may provide a foundation for the future application of gene therapy that targets placental trophoblasts.
Topics: Dependovirus; Female; Gene Targeting; Humans; Lentivirus; MicroRNAs; Primary Cell Culture; RNA Interference; RNA, Small Interfering; Transfection; Trophoblasts
PubMed: 22831880
DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2012.07.003 -
Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao = Chinese... Feb 2023Plant diseases and insect pests threaten the safety of crop production greatly. Traditional methods for pest management are challenged by the problems such as... (Review)
Review
Plant diseases and insect pests threaten the safety of crop production greatly. Traditional methods for pest management are challenged by the problems such as environmental pollution, off-target effects, and resistance of pathogens and insects. New biotechnology-based strategies for pest control are expected to be developed. RNA interference (RNAi) is an endogenous process of gene regulation, which has been widely used to study the gene functions in various organisms. In recent years, RNAi-based pest management has received increasing attention. The effective delivery of the exogenous interference RNA into the targets is a key step in RNAi-mediated plant diseases and pest control. Considerable advances were made on the mechanism of RNAi, and various RNA delivery systems were developed for efficient pest control. Here we review the latest advances on mechanisms and influencing factors of RNA delivery, summarize the strategies of exogenous RNA delivery in RNAi-mediated pest control, and highlight the advantages of nanoparticle complexes in dsRNA delivery.
Topics: Animals; RNA Interference; Pest Control; Insecta; RNA, Double-Stranded; Gene Expression Regulation
PubMed: 36847083
DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.220618 -
Nature Reviews. Molecular Cell Biology Sep 2021RNA interference mediated by a Dicer isoform protects mammalian stem cells against RNA viruses.
RNA interference mediated by a Dicer isoform protects mammalian stem cells against RNA viruses.
Topics: RNA Interference; RNA, Viral; Ribonuclease III; Stem Cells
PubMed: 34326514
DOI: 10.1038/s41580-021-00406-1