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BMJ Clinical Evidence Oct 2013Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic, reversible vasospasm of the peripheral arteries (usually digital). It causes pallor, followed by cyanosis and/or redness, often with... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic, reversible vasospasm of the peripheral arteries (usually digital). It causes pallor, followed by cyanosis and/or redness, often with pain and, at times, paraesthesia. On rare occasions, it can lead to ulceration of the fingers and toes (and, in some cases, of the ears or nose). This review focuses on primary (idiopathic) Raynaud's phenomenon, occurring in the absence of an underlying disease. The prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon varies by sex, country, and exposure to workplace vibration.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of drug treatments for primary Raynaud's phenomenon? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to August 2013 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 9 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: amlodipine, diltiazem, nicardipine, and nifedipine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Nifedipine; Prevalence; Raynaud Disease; Ulcer; Vibration
PubMed: 24112969
DOI: No ID Found -
BMJ Clinical Evidence Mar 2011Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries, causing pallor, followed by cyanosis and redness with pain, and sometimes paraesthesia. On rare... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Raynaud's phenomenon is an episodic vasospasm of the peripheral arteries, causing pallor, followed by cyanosis and redness with pain, and sometimes paraesthesia. On rare occasions it can lead to ulceration of the fingers and toes (and in some cases of the ears or nose). This review focuses on primary (idiopathic) Raynaud's phenomenon, occurring in the absence of an underlying disease. The prevalence of primary Raynaud's phenomenon varies by sex, country, and exposure to workplace vibration.
METHODS AND OUTCOMES
We conducted a systematic review and aimed to answer the following clinical question: What are the effects of treatments for primary Raynaud's phenomenon? We searched: Medline, Embase, The Cochrane Library, and other important databases up to May 2010 (Clinical Evidence reviews are updated periodically; please check our website for the most up-to-date version of this review). We included harms alerts from relevant organisations such as the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the UK Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA).
RESULTS
We found 16 systematic reviews, RCTs, or observational studies that met our inclusion criteria. We performed a GRADE evaluation of the quality of evidence for interventions.
CONCLUSIONS
In this systematic review we present information relating to the effectiveness and safety of the following interventions: amlodipine, diltiazem, exercise, inositol nicotinate, keeping warm, moxisylyte (thymoxamine), naftidrofuryl oxalate, nicardipine, nifedipine, prazosin, and smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Nifedipine; Prevalence; Raynaud Disease; Ulcer; Vibration
PubMed: 21401971
DOI: No ID Found -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Jul 2019
Topics: Humans; Microscopic Angioscopy; Nails; Raynaud Disease; Scleroderma, Systemic
PubMed: 31507129
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Family Physician 2015Nailfold capillary examination can assist in distinguishing between primary Raynaud's phenomenon and secondary Raynaud's that is associated with a connective tissue... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Nailfold capillary examination can assist in distinguishing between primary Raynaud's phenomenon and secondary Raynaud's that is associated with a connective tissue disease. Dermatoscopy is a reliable technique in the evaluation of nailfold capillaries and assists in the diagnosis of connective tissue diseases such as scleroderma.
OBJECTIVE
This article provides an overview of the usefulness of nailfold capillary dermatoscopy in rheumatic and non-rheumatic diseases, and includes the MDAD (morphology, diameter, architecture and density) approach to nailfold dermatoscopy.
DISCUSSION
Dermatoscopes are useful devices in examining nailfold capillaries. Many general practitioners are skilled in dermatoscopy and are well placed to examine nailfold capillaries. The MDAD approach to nailfold dermatoscopy considers capillary morphology, diameter, architecture and density. In Raynaud's phenomenon, nailfold dermatoscopy assists in the diagnosis of an underlying connective tissue disease.
Topics: Capillaries; Connective Tissue Diseases; Dermoscopy; General Practice; Humans; Nails; Raynaud Disease
PubMed: 26590619
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege Dec 2012Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular acrosyndrome caused by a variety of diseases. There is a distinction between the idiopathic Raynaud's disease, the secondary types and...
Raynaud's phenomenon is a vascular acrosyndrome caused by a variety of diseases. There is a distinction between the idiopathic Raynaud's disease, the secondary types and the suspicious idiopathic Raynaud's phenomenon.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Raynaud Disease
PubMed: 23342877
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jun 2004Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common vascular disorder characterized by a recurrent transient vasospasm of the fingers and toes on exposure to cold or with emotional... (Review)
Review
Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) is a common vascular disorder characterized by a recurrent transient vasospasm of the fingers and toes on exposure to cold or with emotional stress. Clinical criteria are used to distinguish patients with primary or idiopathic RP (formely Raynaud's disease) from those with secondary RP (formely Raynaud's syndrome). They include history, general physical examination, capillaroscopy, test for antinuclear antibody and erythrocyte sedimentation rate. More specific exams may be needed in selective cases. Excluding RP of occupational origin, the most common cause of secondary RP is a connective tissue disease (particularly scleroderma). RP may precede other clinical symptoms by several years, but most patients with RP will not progress to systemic disease. Nevertheless, primary RP may cause significant disability. We review the pathophysiology and clinical criteria of the disorder. Unfortunately, management of PR is still empirical and largely supportive.
Topics: Humans; Raynaud Disease
PubMed: 15346976
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Feb 2005Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles...
Venous occlusion plethysmography is a simple but elegant technique that has contributed to almost every major area of vascular biology in humans. The general principles of plethysmography were appreciated by the late 1800s, and the application of these principles to measure limb blood flow occurred in the early 1900s. Plethysmography has been instrumental in studying the role of the autonomic nervous system in regulating limb blood flow in humans and important in studying the vasodilator responses to exercise, reactive hyperemia, body heating, and mental stress. It has also been the technique of choice to study how human blood vessels respond to a variety of exogenously administered vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, especially those that act on various autonomic and adrenergic receptors. In recent years, plethysmography has been exploited to study the role of the vascular endothelium in health and disease. Venous occlusion plethysmography is likely to continue to play an important role as investigators seek to understand the physiological significance of newly identified vasoactive factors and how genetic polymorphisms affect the cardiovascular system in humans.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Extremities; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Hyperemia; Plethysmography; Raynaud Disease; Regional Blood Flow
PubMed: 15649884
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00773.2004 -
Rheumatology (Oxford, England) Jan 2019RP is the most common manifestation of SSc and a major cause of disease-related morbidity. This review provides a detailed appraisal of the patient experience of SSc-RP... (Review)
Review
RP is the most common manifestation of SSc and a major cause of disease-related morbidity. This review provides a detailed appraisal of the patient experience of SSc-RP and potential implications for disease classification, patient-reported outcome instrument development and SSc-RP clinical trial design. The review explores the clinical features of SSc-RP, the severity and burden of SSc-RP symptoms and the impact of SSc-RP on function, work and social participation, body image dissatisfaction and health-related quality of life in SSc. Where management of SSc-RP is concerned, the review focuses on the 'patient experience' of interventions for SSc-RP, examining geographic variation in clinical practice and potential barriers to the adoption of treatment recommendations concerning best-practice management of SSc-RP. Knowledge gaps are highlighted that could form the focus of future research. A more thorough understanding of the patient experience could support the development of novel reported outcome instruments for assessing SSc-RP.
Topics: Adult; Body Image; Female; Humans; Male; Quality of Life; Raynaud Disease; Scleroderma, Systemic; Social Participation
PubMed: 29538754
DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/key026 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... 2019To review articles that evaluated the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review articles that evaluated the prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon of occupational origin.
METHODS
The search for articles was carried out in the Medline (via PubMed), Embase, Web of Science, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), and Latin America and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (Lilacs) databases.
RESULTS
64 articles were obtained from the electronic search; 18 articles met the eligibility criteria. All studies discussed the exposure to vibrations in the upper limbs. In 6 of them, the thermal issue was directly or indirectly addressed. No studies have addressed exposure to vinyl chloride.
CONCLUSIO
In general, a higher prevalence of Raynaud's phenomenon was found among vibratory tool operators compared to non-exposed workers, with an increase in the number of cases the higher the level of vibration and the time of exposure. Cold is a triggering and aggravating factor of the Raynaud phenomenon and seems to play an important role in the emergence of vascular manifestations of the hand-arm vibration syndrome.
Topics: Cold Temperature; Hand-Arm Vibration Syndrome; Humans; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Prevalence; Raynaud Disease; Risk Factors; Vinyl Chloride
PubMed: 31721965
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.65.10.1314 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine Oct 2017Raynaud phenomenon is an overactive vascular response to cold and emotional stress that results in cutaneous color changes and sensory symptoms in the digits. It can be... (Review)
Review
Raynaud phenomenon is an overactive vascular response to cold and emotional stress that results in cutaneous color changes and sensory symptoms in the digits. It can be idiopathic (primary) or secondary to another condition; the latter can be more severe and more apt to lead to ischemic complications such as digital ulceration and even loss of digits. If nonpharmacologic interventions prove inadequate, then vasodilator agents are used.
Topics: Calcium Channel Blockers; Cold Temperature; Humans; Raynaud Disease
PubMed: 28985172
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.84a.17025