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Nutrients Jan 2024Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and... (Review)
Review
Different nutraceuticals are often considered by parents of infants and children with abdominal pain and disorders of the gut-brain interaction. Herb extracts and natural compounds have long been used in traditional medicine, but clinical pediatric trials are very limited. This narrative review based on relevant studies identified through a search of the literature in Pubmed and Medline updated to October 2023 focused on the effect of nutraceuticals in infantile colic, functional abdominal pain, and irritable bowel syndrome in children and adolescents. Significant reductions in colic episodes and crying time were reported in two studies on fennel (seeds oil or tea), in three studies on different multiple herbal extracts (all including fennel), in one study on , and in at least two double-blind randomized controlled studies on DSM 17938 and BB-12 (10 CFU/day for at least 21 days) in breast-fed infants. Compared to a placebo, in children with functional abdominal pain or irritable bowel syndrome, a significant reduction in pain was reported in two studies supplementing peppermint oil capsules or psyllium fibers, and in one study on corn fiber cookies, partial hydrolyzed guar gum, a specific multiple herbal extract (STW-5), or vitamin D supplementation. To date, there is moderate-certainty evidence with a weak grade of recommendation on DSM 17938 (10 CFU/day) in reducing pain intensity in children with functional abdominal pain and for GG (1-3 × 10 CFU twice daily) in reducing pain frequency and intensity in children with IBS. Further large and well-designed pediatric studies are needed to prove the efficacy and safety of different herbal extracts and prolonged use of studied products in infants and children with pain disorders of the gut-brain interaction.
Topics: Infant; Adolescent; Humans; Child; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Probiotics; Abdominal Pain; Colic; Dietary Supplements; Bifidobacterium animalis; Limosilactobacillus reuteri; Brain; Treatment Outcome; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic
PubMed: 38337634
DOI: 10.3390/nu16030349 -
Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Oct 2018Few treatments for human diseases have received as much investigation in the past 20 years as probiotics. In 2017, English-language meta-analyses totaling 52 studies...
Few treatments for human diseases have received as much investigation in the past 20 years as probiotics. In 2017, English-language meta-analyses totaling 52 studies determined the effect of probiotics on conditions ranging from necrotizing enterocolitis and colic in infants to constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, and hepatic encephalopathy in adults. The strongest evidence in favor of probiotics lies in the prevention or treatment of 5 disorders: necrotizing enterocolitis, acute infectious diarrhea, acute respiratory tract infections, antibiotic-associated diarrhea, and infant colic. Probiotic mechanisms of action include the inhibition of bacterial adhesion; enhanced mucosal barrier function; modulation of the innate and adaptive immune systems (including induction of tolerogenic dendritic cells and regulatory T cells); secretion of bioactive metabolites; and regulation of the enteric and central nervous systems. Future research is needed to identify the optimal probiotic and dose for specific diseases, to address whether the addition of prebiotics (to form synbiotics) would enhance activity, and to determine if defined microbial communities would provide benefit exceeding that of single-species probiotics.
Topics: Animals; Colic; Diarrhea; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Primary Prevention; Probiotics; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 30248200
DOI: 10.1002/jcph.1121 -
BMC Pediatrics Mar 2022Colic and sleep problems are common among infants, constitute challenges and distress for parents, and are often reasons for seeking help from health professionals. The...
BACKGROUND
Colic and sleep problems are common among infants, constitute challenges and distress for parents, and are often reasons for seeking help from health professionals. The literature debates whether infant colic and sleep problems are linked together or not. Further, limited evidence exists on how colic impacts on child temperament and sleep during early childhood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to increase our knowledge of the characteristics of infants with a history of colic compared to infants without, and to study how infant colic is associated with the development of child temperament and sleep over time.
METHODS
The study is based on The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa), a population-based cohort study conducted by the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. This sample contains 88,186 mothers and children. Data was retrieved from questionnaires distributed to mothers at recruitment (in pregnancy) and when the child was 6 months, 18 months, 3 years, and 5 years. Data was analysed using linear mixed models and GLM models for repeated measures.
RESULTS
At 6 months, infants with reported colic are described as fussier, present more sleeping problems, are breastfed less, and the families visit the child health centre more often when compared to the non-colic group. Mothers of children with reported colic perceive their children's temperament significantly more challenging from the age of 6 months to 5 years. Further, children with reported colic were more likely to sleep less than recommended (22%) and to have more frequent night awakenings (14%) than usual for their age (6 months to 5 years).
CONCLUSION
Infant colic often occurs together with other signs of regulatory problems which may amplify the load on the parents. Moderate differences in temperament and sleep-problems across time, between those with colic and those without, indicate that the diagnosis of colic is moderately associated with later behavioural difficulties. However, it is demanding for the parents, and important to be aware of and act upon symptoms of colic in the child health centres to reduce the parents' load and prevent adverse long-term outcomes.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cohort Studies; Colic; Female; Humans; Infant; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Pregnancy; Sleep; Temperament
PubMed: 35354427
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03231-3 -
Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jan 2021Renoureteral colic (CRU) is the most common urological emergency, with a wide spectrum of severity that generates high morbidity and high health costs. However, there is...
INTRODUCTION
Renoureteral colic (CRU) is the most common urological emergency, with a wide spectrum of severity that generates high morbidity and high health costs. However, there is no homogeneous scheme of pharmacological treatment in its acutephase.
AIMS
The main objective of our work is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety profile of the different drugs used in the treatment of CCR and to propose a practical treatment scheme. The secondary objectives are to evaluate the role of fluid therapy in CRU and the treatment of CRU in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We have carried out a literature search on PubMed using the MeSH terms "renalcolic", "treatment", "anti-inflammatory drugs", "antiemeticdrugs", "fluid therapy" and "pregnant". The most relevant clinical trials, meta-analyses and systematic reviews published from 1 January 2005 to 15 September 2020 in Spanish, English and French were reviewed.
RESULTS
In the different studies reviewed, non-steroidalanti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) show better pain control, with lower rescue doses and fewer side effects than treatment with opioids. However, fluid therapy has failed to demonstrate an impact on the treatment of CRU.
CONCLUSIONS
The initial treatment for CRU is NSAIDs, reserving opioids for successive treatment lines. The control of vegetative cortex can be accomplished with Ondansetron as first choice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Colic; Female; Humans; Pain; Pregnancy; Renal Colic
PubMed: 33459623
DOI: No ID Found -
Systematic Reviews Nov 2019Infantile colic is a distressing condition characterised by excessive crying in the first few months of life. The aim of this research was to update the synthesis of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Infantile colic is a distressing condition characterised by excessive crying in the first few months of life. The aim of this research was to update the synthesis of evidence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) research literature on infantile colic and establish what evidence is currently available.
METHODS
Medline, Embase and AMED (via Ovid), Web of Science and Central via Cochrane library were searched from their inception to September 2018. Google Scholar and OpenGrey were searched for grey literature and PROSPERO for ongoing reviews. Published systematic reviews that included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of infants aged up to 1 year, diagnosed with infantile colic using standard diagnostic criteria, were eligible. Reviews of RCTs that assessed the effectiveness of any individual CAM therapy were included. Three reviewers were involved in data extraction and quality assessment using the AMSTAR-2 scale and risk of bias using the ROBIS tool.
RESULTS
Sixteen systematic reviews were identified. Probiotics, fennel extract and spinal manipulation show promise to alleviate symptoms of colic, although some concerns remain. Acupuncture and soy are currently not recommended. The majority of the reviews were assessed as having high or unclear risk of bias and low confidence in the findings.
CONCLUSION
There is clearly a need for larger and more methodologically sound RCTs to be conducted on the effectiveness of some CAM therapies for IC. Particular focus on probiotics in non-breastfed infants is pertinent.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
PROSPERO: CRD42018092966.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Colic; Complementary Therapies; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 31711532
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1191-5 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Nov 2021A 14-y-old pony mare was referred after 30-d duration of intermittent pyrexia, anorexia, weight loss, and change in manure consistency. Physical examination revealed a...
A 14-y-old pony mare was referred after 30-d duration of intermittent pyrexia, anorexia, weight loss, and change in manure consistency. Physical examination revealed a palpable but reducible ventral abdominal mass. Transabdominal ultrasonography revealed multiple distended, hypomotile, and thickened small intestinal loops in close approximation with numerous, well-defined, hyperechoic masses. There was a large amount of echogenic peritoneal fluid; abdominocentesis revealed a neutrophilic and macrophagic inflammatory exudate, and a mixed bacterial population was cultured. Given the poor prognosis, the mare was euthanized. The autopsy findings included a large abdominal abscess, serosanguineous peritoneal fluid with fibrin strands, and ~50 outpouches communicating with the lumen and extending from the anti-mesenteric aspect of the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. These structures were classified as pseudodiverticula based on the histologic absence of the tunica muscularis layer of the intestinal wall. Pseudodiverticula should be included as a differential etiology in horses when clinical signs consistent with colic, diarrhea, or weight loss are recognized and, when on examination, one or more organized masses are palpated or visualized on transabdominal ultrasound, as well as visualization of small intestinal loops with thickened walls.
Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; Colic; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Intestine, Small; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 34293994
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211032001 -
Revista Brasileira de Enfermagem 2020to unveil the interrelation of childhood colic management by mothers and Family Health Strategy professional.
OBJECTIVE
to unveil the interrelation of childhood colic management by mothers and Family Health Strategy professional.
METHODS
a qualitative, exploratory and descriptive research carried out with 4 Family Health Strategy teams and 31 mothers who experienced childhood colic. Data collection included, respectively, focus group and individual unstructured interview. Symbolic Interactionism was adopted as the theoretical framework, and Narrative Research as methodological.
RESULTS
two themes emerged: "Colic approach" and "Social support and care". Professional childhood colic management is based on diagnosis and drug interventions. For mothers, the child's suffering and impotence in the face of the disease stand out.
FINAL CONSIDERATIONS
childhood colic is socially widespread because it is a physiological and self-limiting event. Mothers felt helpless in the face of childhood colic. Professionals felt the need to expand their care, with a view to achieving maternal suffering and alleviating it.
Topics: Child; Colic; Family Health; Female; Focus Groups; Humans; Male; Mothers; Social Support
PubMed: 33206853
DOI: 10.1590/0034-7167-2020-0075 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2020The objective of the study was to characterize how infantile colic is perceived and managed by German and Polish pediatricians. Data in both countries were collected by...
The objective of the study was to characterize how infantile colic is perceived and managed by German and Polish pediatricians. Data in both countries were collected by using a paper questionnaire with seven questions and predefined and free text fields for the answers. Answers from 160 German and 133 Polish pediatricians were collected. The average of the occurrence rates estimated by both responder groups were at the higher end of published rates. The majority of pediatricians from both countries rated the parental burden caused by infantile colic to be high or very high. Pediatricians' awareness about the association between infantile colic and maternal depression and premature termination of breastfeeding is relatively well established in both countries. While more than 90% of German pediatricians stated knowledge of infantile colic being a major risk factor for shaken baby syndrome, this knowledge was only declared by half of the Polish responders. Pharmacological interventions, pro-/synbiotics or simethicone, are part of the treatment repertoire of nearly all responding pediatricians. In addition, non-pharmacological interventions (e.g., change of feeding, change of parental behavior) are also among the employed interventions. Results of this study will allow to better design and prioritize communication about infantile colic directed at pediatricians.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Colic; Germany; Humans; Infant; Pediatricians; Poland; Synbiotics
PubMed: 32992755
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197011 -
Nutrients Mar 2015Food allergies (FAs) are an increasing problem in Western countries, affecting up to 10% of young children. FAs are frequently associated with gastrointestinal... (Review)
Review
Food allergies (FAs) are an increasing problem in Western countries, affecting up to 10% of young children. FAs are frequently associated with gastrointestinal manifestations. The role of FAs as a potential causative factor for infantile colic (IC) is still controversial. We report the most recent evidence on the pathogenesis, clinical and diagnostic aspects of FA-induced infantile colic (IC) and suggest a stepwise diagnostic approach. We selected articles on clinical and immunologic features, pathogenesis and management of FAs and IC from of 1981 to 2015. Original and review articles were identified through selective searches performed on PubMed, using the following terms: colic, infantile colic, food allergy and infantile colic, infantile colic treatment. The possible relationship between FAs and IC derives from the presence of dysmotility with visceral hypersensitivity and dysbiosis, demonstrated in both conditions, and the clinical response to dietary interventions. Unfortunately, the design of the studies, poor characterization of atopy and different dietary approaches limit the understanding of the importance of FAs in subjects with IC. The role of FAs in IC subjects without other symptoms of atopy remains controversial. However, where there is a suspicion of FAs, a short trial with an extensively hydrolyzed cow's proteins formula or, if breast fed, with maternal elimination diet may be considered a reasonable option.
Topics: Animals; Breast Feeding; Colic; Humans; Infant Formula; Milk; Milk Hypersensitivity; Milk, Human
PubMed: 25808260
DOI: 10.3390/nu7032015 -
Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology... Nov 2015The aim of the study was to review published evidence and the opinion of practising clinicians on the prevalence and long-term health consequences of functional... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
The aim of the study was to review published evidence and the opinion of practising clinicians on the prevalence and long-term health consequences of functional gastrointestinal symptoms in infants younger than 12 months.
METHODS
PubMed was searched from inception to November 2014 to find articles reporting the prevalence and long-term health outcomes of infantile colic, regurgitation, functional constipation, functional diarrhoea, and dyschezia in infants younger than <12 months. A questionnaire was sent to practising clinicians worldwide, and a group of 15 international experts met to discuss the likely frequency and longer-term consequences of these symptoms.
RESULTS
The literature search identified 30 studies reporting the prevalence of infantile colic (2%-73%), 13 that of regurgitation (3%-87%), 8 that of functional constipation (0.05%-39.3%), 2 that of functional diarrhoea (2%-4.1%), and 3 that of dyschezia (0.9%-5.6%). The studies varied in design, populations investigated, and definition of the symptoms. Questionnaires were received from 369 respondents. The experts agreed that the likely prevalences for colic, regurgitation, and functional constipation were 20%, 30%, and 15%, respectively. The limited data in the literature for functional diarrhoea and dyschezia suggest prevalences <10%. Infantile colic may be associated with future health problems in a subset of infants.
CONCLUSIONS
Functional gastrointestinal symptoms appear to occur in a significant proportion of infants younger than 12 months and may have an impact on future health outcomes. Prospective collection of data according to agreed criteria is needed to obtain more accurate estimates of the prevalence and consequences of these symptoms.
Topics: Child Health; Colic; Constipation; Diarrhea; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Prevalence
PubMed: 26308317
DOI: 10.1097/MPG.0000000000000949