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The Veterinary Clinics of North... Aug 1997Foals are good candidates for abdominal surgery because their smaller size permits a more complete abdominal exploration and frequently definitive procedures in many... (Review)
Review
Foals are good candidates for abdominal surgery because their smaller size permits a more complete abdominal exploration and frequently definitive procedures in many cases. The use of rectal examination is replaced with alternative diagnostic modalities such as barium contrast radiography and ultrasonography. With the advancements in these technologies they can distinguish common gastrointestinal lesions and, in most cases, provide sufficient information to guide surgical intervention. The unique aspects of diagnosis and surgical management of gastrointestinal disorders of the foal are discussed.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Colic; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses; Intraoperative Care; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Complications; Survival Rate
PubMed: 9290191
DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30247-x -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Mar 2022A 57-year-old female presented with a five-year history of non-bloody diarrhea, reaching 10 to 20 daily depositions without abdominal cramping and a weight loss of 25...
A 57-year-old female presented with a five-year history of non-bloody diarrhea, reaching 10 to 20 daily depositions without abdominal cramping and a weight loss of 25 kg. Past medical history was significant for rheumatoid arthritis treated with rituximab during the last six years. All her previous endoscopic and histological studies identified lymphocytic infiltration. Previously, she received treatment with rifaximin, cholestyramine, and loperamide without improvement.
Topics: Atrophy; Colic; Diarrhea; Female; Humans; Loperamide; Middle Aged
PubMed: 34284592
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2021.8169/2021 -
Australian Journal of General Practice Aug 2022Infantile colic is one of the most common health issues that can occur during an infant's first months of life, affecting approximately 20% of all infants. The aetiology...
BACKGROUND
Infantile colic is one of the most common health issues that can occur during an infant's first months of life, affecting approximately 20% of all infants. The aetiology of infantile colic is not well understood; however, studies have suggested that changes in the intestinal microbiota can lead to symptoms of infantile colic. For this reason, different strains of probiotics have been studied to help understand their effectiveness in the treatment of infantile colic.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this evidence-based review is to summarise the evidence of the effectiveness of probiotics in the treatment of infantile colic.
DISCUSSION
Several strains of probiotics have been studied, with some presenting positive results for reducing the symptoms of infantile colic in groups with specific characteristics. However, more studies are required to evaluate efficacy and effectiveness of probiotics in different degrees of severity and in larger and more heterogenous samples.
Topics: Colic; Humans; Infant; Probiotics
PubMed: 35908751
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-07-21-6062 -
Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences Jul 2021Colic pain is one of the main reasons for stress and anxiety in infants' parents, especially mothers, and there is still no specific treatment. Thus, mothers always try...
BACKGROUND
Colic pain is one of the main reasons for stress and anxiety in infants' parents, especially mothers, and there is still no specific treatment. Thus, mothers always try their best to relieve their infants' pain.The researchers attempted to investigate how mothers take care of their infants with colic.
METHODS
This study was conducted with a mixed-method approach and a sequential explanatory design. In the quantitative phase, a cross-sectional study was conducted to assess how to control pain. One hundred fifty mothers of infants with colic living in Kerman, Iran, were chosen by convenience sampling. In the qualitative phase, the researchers interviewed 18 mothers using semi-structured in-depth, and face-to-face approaches. These participants were selected by purposive sampling method. The interviews were analyzed by the conventional content analysis method.
RESULTS
In the quantitative phase, the mothers' most common methods to relieve colic pain were herbal medicines (3.55±0.51) and the change of position (3.35±0.67). The least methods used were probiotics (1.4±0.2) and acupuncture (0). In the qualitative phase, the main theme was "mothers support needs for care," which includes the following subcategories: "lack of trust in doctor"; "full-time care"; "feeling of inadequacy," "persistent anxiety, "care without help," and "looking for ways to control pain."
CONCLUSION
Mothers need support to relieve their infants' colic. The provision of educational and psychological supportive packages can be helpful for the mothers. In addition, nurses can help mothers improve their quality of care.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Colic; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Mothers; Parents
PubMed: 34703175
DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i4.10 -
American Journal of Veterinary Research Nov 2011To identify hemostatic imbalances indicative of an increased risk of intra-abdominal adhesion formation in foals versus adult horses. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
OBJECTIVE
To identify hemostatic imbalances indicative of an increased risk of intra-abdominal adhesion formation in foals versus adult horses.
ANIMALS
Horses with colic undergoing exploratory laparotomy or abdominocentesis as part of a clinical examination (n = 16 foals ≤ 6 months of age and 19 adults ≥ 5 years of age) and horses without colic undergoing herniorrhaphy (15 foals) or euthanasia for noninflammatory and nongastrointestinal disease (10 foals and 20 adults).
PROCEDURES
Paired abdominal fluid and blood samples were collected from each horse into buffered sodium citrate and centrifuged immediately after collection. Supernatants were stored at -80°C, then thawed for measurement of fibrinogen concentration, plasminogen activity, antiplasmin activity, and D-dimer concentration. Supernatant analyte concentrations or activities were compared within age group (foals with and without colic vs adults with and without colic) and within disease status (foals and adults without colic vs foals and adults with colic).
RESULTS
All analyte concentrations or activities in abdominal fluid samples were significantly lower in the noncolic groups than in the colic groups, and none differed between foal and adult groups. Several plasma analyte values differed by disease status and age.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The risk of intra-abdominal adhesion formation in the foals in this study did not appear to be attributable to differences in intra-abdominal hemostasis between adult horses and foals. Strategies for initial medical and surgical management of colic in adult horses may be applicable to foals with similar disorders.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Biomarkers; Colic; Female; Fibrinogen; Fibrinolysis; Hemostasis; Herniorrhaphy; Horse Diseases; Horses; Laparotomy; Male; Plasminogen; Reference Values; alpha-2-Antiplasmin
PubMed: 22023133
DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.72.11.1535 -
Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics Jul 2006Though functional gastrointestinal complaints are recognised as being common throughout the world, there have been few comparative studies of prevalence. (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Though functional gastrointestinal complaints are recognised as being common throughout the world, there have been few comparative studies of prevalence.
AIM
To compare the prevalence and management of abdominal cramping/pain in nine countries.
METHODS
In a two-stage community survey, approximately 1000 subjects were interviewed in each of nine countries to establish the demographics of individuals with abdominal cramping/pain (stage 1) followed by market research-driven interviews with >or=200 sufferers per country (stage 2).
RESULTS
9042 subjects were interviewed in stage 1. Mexico (46%) and Brazil (43%) had the highest prevalence of abdominal cramping/pain; Japan the lowest (10%). Abdominal cramping/pain was more common in women (12-55%) than in men (7-38%). About 1717 subjects participated in stage 2; 65% were women and the average age at symptom onset was 29 years. The frequency of episodes differed between countries, being highest in the US (61% suffered at least once in a week). Sufferers in the US and Latin America reported a higher usage of medications (around 90%) than those in Europe (around 72%). In most countries over-the-counter drugs were principally used. Antispasmodic drugs were most popular in Latin America and Italy, antacids in Germany and the UK. Drug therapy decreased the duration of episodes (by up to 81% in Brazil).
CONCLUSIONS
The community prevalence, severity, healthcare seeking and medication usage related to abdominal cramping/pain are high overall, but vary considerably between countries.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Colic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence
PubMed: 16842469
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2006.02989.x -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Jun 2012To evaluate the incidence of colic and risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of colic and risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease.
DESIGN
Retrospective observational study. Animals-337 equids (317 horses, 19 ponies, and 1 donkey) hospitalized for ocular disease.
PROCEDURES
Medical records of equids hospitalized for > 24 hours for treatment of ocular disease between January 1997 and December 2008 were reviewed. Information from only the first hospitalization was used for equids that were hospitalized for ocular disease on more than 1 occasion. Information gathered included the signalment, the type of ocular lesion and the treatment administered, and any colic signs recorded during hospitalization as well as the severity, presumptive diagnosis, and treatment of the colic. Statistical analysis was used to identify any risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease.
RESULTS
72 of 337 (21.4%) equids hospitalized for ocular disease had signs of colic during hospitalization. Most equids (59.7% [43/72]) had mild signs of colic, and most (87.5% [63/72]) were treated medically. Ten of 72 (13.9%) equids with colic had a cecal impaction. Risk factors for colic in equids hospitalized for ocular disease were age (0 to 1 year and ≥ 21 years) and an increased duration of hospitalization (≥ 8 days).
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
There was a high incidence of colic in equids hospitalized with ocular disease in this study. Findings from this study may help identify equids at risk for development of colic and thereby help direct implementation of prophylactic measures.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Colic; Equidae; Eye Diseases; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Hospitalization; Length of Stay; Male; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 22657933
DOI: 10.2460/javma.240.12.1488 -
Revue Medicale de Liege Apr 2004The classic presentation of acute renal colic is the sudden onset of very severe pain in the flank primarily caused by the acute ureteral obstruction. The diagnosis is... (Review)
Review
The classic presentation of acute renal colic is the sudden onset of very severe pain in the flank primarily caused by the acute ureteral obstruction. The diagnosis is often made on clinical symptoms only, although confirmatory exams are generally performed because many others significant disorders may present with symptom of flank pain that mimics renal colic. Life threatening emergency such as abdominal aortic aneurysm must be ruled out. While non contrast CT has become the standard imaging modality, in some situations, a plain abdominal radiograph associated with a renal ultrasound or a contrast study such as intravenous pyelogram may be preferred. Hematuria is frequently present on urine analysis. The usual therapy represented by analgesic and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs should be started as soon as possible. Size and location of the stone are the most important predictors of spontaneous passage. Uncontrolled pain by medical therapy, fever, oligo-anuria suggest complicated stone disease. Such conditions require emergency treatment by drainage or stone extraction. Although recurrent stone rate is important, extensive metabolic explorations are not recommended after an uncomplicated first episode. Nevertheless fluid intake is encouraged and a stone chemical analysis should be performed whenever possible.
Topics: Acute Disease; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Colic; Diagnosis, Differential; Drainage; Fluid Therapy; Hematuria; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Kidney Calculi; Kidney Diseases; Pain; Prognosis
PubMed: 15182032
DOI: No ID Found -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Nov 2007Many colic horses are compromised due to the disease state and from hours of starvation and sometimes long trailer rides. This could influence their muscle energy...
BACKGROUND
Many colic horses are compromised due to the disease state and from hours of starvation and sometimes long trailer rides. This could influence their muscle energy reserves and affect the horses' ability to recover. The principal aim was to follow metabolic parameter before, during, and up to 7 days after anaesthesia in healthy horses and in horses undergoing abdominal surgery due to colic.
METHODS
20 healthy horses given anaesthesia alone and 20 colic horses subjected to emergency abdominal surgery were anaesthetised for a mean of 228 minutes and 183 minutes respectively. Blood for analysis of haematology, electrolytes, cortisol, creatine kinase (CK), free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, glucose and lactate was sampled before, during, and up to 7 days after anaesthesia. Arterial and venous blood gases were obtained before, during and up to 8 hours after recovery. Gluteal muscle biopsy specimens for biochemical analysis of muscle metabolites were obtained at start and end of anaesthesia and 1 h and 1 day after recovery.
RESULTS
Plasma cortisol, FFA, glycerol, glucose, lactate and CK were elevated and serum phosphate and potassium were lower in colic horses before anaesthesia. Muscle adenosine triphosphate (ATP) content was low in several colic horses. Anaesthesia and surgery resulted in a decrease in plasma FFA and glycerol in colic horses whereas levels increased in healthy horses. During anaesthesia muscle and plasma lactate and plasma phosphate increased in both groups. In the colic horses plasma lactate increased further after recovery. Plasma FFA and glycerol increased 8 h after standing in the colic horses. In both groups, plasma concentrations of CK increased and serum phosphate decreased post-anaesthesia. On Day 7 most parameters were not different between groups. Colic horses lost on average 8% of their initial weight. Eleven colic horses completed the study.
CONCLUSION
Colic horses entered anaesthesia with altered metabolism and in a negative oxygen balance. Muscle oxygenation was insufficient during anaesthesia in both groups, although to a lesser extent in the healthy horses. The post-anaesthetic period was associated with increased lipolysis and weight loss in the colic horses, indicating a negative energy balance during the first week post-operatively.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Colic; Female; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 18001483
DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-49-34 -
Pediatrics Feb 2013To provide a comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota in infants with colic, as compared with control infants, during their first 100 days of life.
OBJECTIVES
To provide a comprehensive analysis of the fecal microbiota in infants with colic, as compared with control infants, during their first 100 days of life.
METHODS
Microbial DNA of >200 samples from 12 infants with colic and 12 age-matched control infants was extracted and hybridized to a phylogenetic microarray.
RESULTS
Microbiota diversity gradually increased after birth only in the control group; moreover, in the first weeks, the diversity of the colic group was significantly lower than that of the control group. The stability of the successive samples also appeared to be significantly lower in the infants with colic for the first weeks. Further analyses revealed which bacterial groups were responsible for colic-related differences in microbiota at age 1 or 2 weeks, the earliest ages with significant differences. Proteobacteria were significantly increased in infants with colic compared with control infants, with a relative abundance that was more than twofold. In contrast, bifidobacteria and lactobacilli were significantly reduced in infants with colic. Moreover, the colic phenotype correlated positively with specific groups of proteobacteria, including bacteria related to Escherichia, Klebsiella, Serratia, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Pseudomonas, but negatively with bacteria belonging to the Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes phyla, the latter of which includes some lactobacilli and canonical groups known to produce butyrate and lactate.
CONCLUSIONS
The results indicate the presence of microbial signatures in the first weeks of life in infants who later develop colic. These microbial signatures may be used to understand the excessive crying. The results offer opportunities for early diagnostics as well as for developing specific therapies.
Topics: Bacterial Load; Bacteroidetes; Colic; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA Barcoding, Taxonomic; Feces; Female; Genetic Variation; Gram-Positive Bacteria; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intestines; Male; Metagenome; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Prospective Studies; Proteobacteria; Statistics as Topic; Transcriptome
PubMed: 23319531
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2012-1449