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Radiologia 2019This article aims to describe the imaging findings for mucinous tumors of the abdomen and pelvis, which have a similar appearance on imaging tests regardless of the...
This article aims to describe the imaging findings for mucinous tumors of the abdomen and pelvis, which have a similar appearance on imaging tests regardless of the organ in which they develop. Due to the high water content of mucus, the appearance of these tumors is generally similar to that of water on ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Another common feature of mucin-producing tumors is that calcifications are often present. The rupture of these lesions and accumulation of mucinous material in the peritoneal cavity gives rise to pseudomyxoma peritonei. It is important to identify mucinous tumors because they have a different prognosis and clinical course than non-mucinous tumors and require different management. Depending on their anatomic location and their imaging characteristics, the treatment approach varies from follow-up to radical surgery together with chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Decision Trees; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasms, Cystic, Mucinous, and Serous; Pelvic Neoplasms
PubMed: 31078302
DOI: 10.1016/j.rx.2019.03.003 -
The Journal of Veterinary Medical... Dec 2019A 25-month-old female crossbred cow presented with astasia, emaciation, and stunted growth. Macroscopic examination revealed a large mass in the abdominal cavity,...
A 25-month-old female crossbred cow presented with astasia, emaciation, and stunted growth. Macroscopic examination revealed a large mass in the abdominal cavity, approximately 100 × 30 × 30 cm. Microscopic examination revealed that the mass consisted of multilobular mature and immature cartilaginous matrices with chondrocytic cells, surrounded by spindle to pleomorphic mesenchymal tumor cells. The cartilaginous matrices consisted of hyaline and elastic cartilages, as confirmed with Azan stain, and Victoria Blue and Van Gieson stain. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the chondrocytic and mesenchymal cells both expressed S-100. The tumor was diagnosed as an extraskeletal chondrosarcoma in the abdominal cavity of this cow.
Topics: Abdominal Cavity; Abdominal Neoplasms; Animals; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Chondrocytes; Chondrosarcoma; Female; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; S100 Proteins
PubMed: 31645509
DOI: 10.1292/jvms.19-0203 -
Taiwanese Journal of Obstetrics &... Mar 2019Carcinosarcomas also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs) contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Most MMMTs are arising from female genital...
OBJECTIVE
Carcinosarcomas also known as malignant mixed mullerian tumors (MMMTs) contain both carcinomatous and sarcomatous elements. Most MMMTs are arising from female genital tract, including ovaries, uterus and fallopian tubes. Extragenital carcinosarcomas are extremely rare, with an estimation less than 40 cases so far.
CASE REPORT
We report two cases of primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas. An 81-year-old woman with pelvic peritoneal carcinosarcoma, heterologous type, was treated with incomplete surgery without further chemotherapy, and died of disease soon. The other one was a 76 year-old woman with abdominal peritoneal carcinosarcoma, homologous type. After optimal debulking surgery and subsequent 6 cycles of combination of paclitaxel and carboplatin chemotherapy, the patient is free of tumor half of year.
CONCLUSION
Active therapy, including complete cytoreduction surgery and carboplatin-paclitaxel chemotherapy might offer a chance of disease control for these unusual primary peritoneal carcinosarcomas.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Carboplatin; Carcinosarcoma; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Mixed Tumor, Mullerian; Paclitaxel; Peritoneal Neoplasms
PubMed: 30910155
DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.12.001 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2018Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with advanced stage being correlated to the level of tumour invasion and metastasis. Current research is...
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with advanced stage being correlated to the level of tumour invasion and metastasis. Current research is heavily focused on the identification and development of efficacious therapeutics targeting these fundamental hallmarks of cancer, however there are currently no animal models that mimic the invasive phenotypes observed in humans. To address this we have developed an orthotopic mouse model whereby gastric cancer cell lines are tagged with luciferase and injected into the subserosal layer of the stomach. This allows for the monitoring of primary tumour growth and metastasis in real-time as well as quantitation of the degree of tumour invasion through the stomach wall by immunohistochemistry. We have three models based on the degree of invasion and metastasis that are cell line specific: The AGS cells develop into invasive tumours by 4-weeks with no evidence of metastases, MKN45 cells are moderately metastatic with minimal invasion till week 2 and MKN28 cells are highly metastatic and fully invasive by week 1. These models have utility as a tool for testing the efficacy of anti-tumour, anti-invasive and anti-metastatic therapies in the setting of gastric cancer, which currently has poor treatment options.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Animals; Cell Line, Tumor; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mucous Membrane; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Optical Imaging; Stomach Neoplasms; Thoracic Neoplasms; Transplantation, Heterologous
PubMed: 29339747
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-19025-y -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Jul 1998Cavitary parenchymal lesions are composed of varying amounts of soft tissue, fluid, and/or gas. These cavitary lesions are focal or multifocal and therefore readily... (Review)
Review
Cavitary parenchymal lesions are composed of varying amounts of soft tissue, fluid, and/or gas. These cavitary lesions are focal or multifocal and therefore readily detected ultrasonographically. The ultrasonographic appearance of cystic and noncystic cavitary lesions are described. Differential diagnoses for these cavitary lesions in abdominal organs are listed.
Topics: Abdomen; Abdominal Abscess; Abdominal Neoplasms; Animals; Artifacts; Ascites; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cysts; Diagnosis, Differential; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gases; Hematoma; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 9698614
DOI: 10.1016/s0195-5616(98)50077-0 -
Zeitschrift Fur Medizinische Physik Feb 2022To generate virtual 4DCT from 4DMRI with field of view (FOV) extended to the entire involved patient anatomy, in order to evaluate its use in carbon ion radiation...
PURPOSE
To generate virtual 4DCT from 4DMRI with field of view (FOV) extended to the entire involved patient anatomy, in order to evaluate its use in carbon ion radiation therapy (CIRT) of the abdominal site in a clinical scenario.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The virtual 4DCT was generated by deforming a reference CT in order to (1) match the anatomy depicted in the 4DMRI within its FOV, by calculating deformation fields with deformable image registration to describe inter-fractional and breathing motion, and (2) obtain physically plausible deformation outside of the 4DMRI FOV, by propagating and modulating the previously obtained deformation fields. The implemented method was validated on a digital anthropomorphic phantom, for which a ground truth (GT) 4DCT was available. A CIRT treatment plan was optimized at the end-exhale reference CT and the RBE-weighted dose distribution was recalculated on both the virtual and GT 4DCTs. The method estimation error was quantified by comparing the virtual and GT 4DCTs and the corresponding recomputed doses. The method was then evaluated on 8 patients with pancreas or liver tumors treated with CIRT using respiratory gating at end-exhale. The clinical treatment plans adopted at the National Center for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO, Pavia, Italy) were considered and the dose distribution was recomputed on all respiratory phases of the planning and virtual 4DCTs. By comparing the two datasets and the corresponding dose distributions, the geometrical and dosimetric impact of organ motion was assessed.
RESULTS
For the phantom, the error outside of the 4DMRI FOV was up to 4.5mm, but it remained sub-millimetric in correspondence to the target within the 4DMRI FOV. Although the impact of motion on the target D resulted in variations ranging from 22% to 90% between the planned dose and the doses recomputed on the GT 4DCT phases, the corresponding estimation error was ≤2.2%. In the patient cases, the variation of the baseline tumor position between the planning and the virtual end-exhale CTs presented a median (interquartile range) value of 6.0 (4.9) mm. For baseline variations larger than 5mm, the tumor D variation between the plan and the dose recomputed on the end-exhale virtual CT resulted larger than 10%. Median variations higher than 10% in the target D and gastro-intestinal OARs D were quantified at the end-inhale, whereas close to the end-exhale phase, limited variations of relevant dose metrics were found for both tumor and OARs.
CONCLUSIONS
The negligible impact of the geometrical inaccuracy in the estimated anatomy outside of the 4DMRI FOV on the overall dosimetric accuracy suggests the feasibility of virtual 4DCT with extended FOV in CIRT of the abdominal site. In the analyzed patient group, inter-fractional variations such as baseline variation and breathing variability were quantified, demonstrating the method capability to support treatment planning in gated CIRT of the abdominal site.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography; Heavy Ion Radiotherapy; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Movement; Phantoms, Imaging; Radiotherapy Planning, Computer-Assisted
PubMed: 33069586
DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2020.08.005 -
World Journal of Surgical Oncology Jan 2014Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare malignant tumor that has a poor prognosis. It affects predominantly young males. In the current report, a 14-year-old male... (Review)
Review
Desmoplastic small round cell tumor is a rare malignant tumor that has a poor prognosis. It affects predominantly young males. In the current report, a 14-year-old male patient was admitted to the hospital for evaluation of abdominal distension, and abdominal pain. Imaging examination revealed a high prevalence of multiple intraperitoneal and liver parenchymal cystic and solid tumors. After an explorative surgery, the pathological findings confirmed the presentation of desmoplastic small round cell tumor. Diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor could easily have been overlooked since there was no specific evidence for this condition available in the clinical and imaging examinations. In the present study, ultrasound examination detected solid cystic masses, which suggested the presence of necrosis and hemorrhage. Immunohistochemistry and cytogenetic studies confirmed the diagnosis of desmoplastic small round cell tumor in this patient.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adolescent; Biomarkers, Tumor; Desmoplastic Small Round Cell Tumor; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Male; Prognosis
PubMed: 24410799
DOI: 10.1186/1477-7819-12-9 -
Cancer Control : Journal of the Moffitt... 2020Although it is recognized in the early stages of cancer recovery that changes in lifestyle including increases in physical activity improves physical function, there are... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Although it is recognized in the early stages of cancer recovery that changes in lifestyle including increases in physical activity improves physical function, there are no clear findings whether low versus moderate intensity activity or home or gym exercise offer optimal benefit. Isometric-resistance exercises can be carried out with very little equipment and space and can be performed while patients are bed-bound in hospital or at home. This embedded qualitative study, based in an English hospital trust providing specialist cancer care, was undertaken as a component of a feasibility trial to evaluate the acceptability and feasibility of an isometric-resistance exercise program and explore the suitability of functional assessments by drawing from the experiences of abdominal cancer patients following surgery. Telephone interviews were undertaken with 7 participants in the intervention group, and 8 interviews with the usual care group (n = 15). The gender composition consisted of 11 females and 4 males. Participants' ages ranged from 27 to 84 (M = 60.07, SD = 15.40). Interviews were conducted between August 2017 and May 2018, with audio files digitally recorded and data coded using thematic framework analysis. Our results show that blinding to intervention or usual care was a challenge, participants felt the intervention was safe and suitable aided by the assistance of a research nurse, yet, found the self-completion questionnaire tools hard to complete. Our study provides an insight of trial processes, participants' adherence and completion of exercise interventions, and informs the design and conduct of larger RCTs based on the experiences of abdominal cancer surgery patients.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Exercise; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Qualitative Research; Resistance Training; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33035075
DOI: 10.1177/1073274820950855 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Feb 2010Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) provides image contrast that is different from that obtained by conventional magnetic resonance techniques. Although... (Review)
Review
Diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) provides image contrast that is different from that obtained by conventional magnetic resonance techniques. Although previously, DWI has been used to evaluate various diseases of the central nervous system, several technical advances have expanded the clinical applications of DWI beyond the central nervous system. As a result, many reports have been published on the use of DWI in abdominal diseases. Particularly, abdominal DWI has now being focused on evaluation of patients with abdominal cancer. DWI can be used for pretreatment tumor detection, characterization including predicting tumor response to therapy, monitoring tumor response during therapy, and follow-up study after treatment to detect possible tumor recurrence.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Humans; Predictive Value of Tests; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 20143461
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v16.i7.832 -
JAMA Oncology Sep 2017The data reported herein were accepted for assessment by the US Food and Drug Administration for Biologics License Application under priority review to establish the...
IMPORTANCE
The data reported herein were accepted for assessment by the US Food and Drug Administration for Biologics License Application under priority review to establish the clinical benefit of durvalumab as second-line therapy for locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC), resulting in its recent US approval.
OBJECTIVE
To report a planned update of the safety and efficacy of durvalumab in patients with locally advanced/metastatic UC.
DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS
This is an ongoing phase 1/2 open-label study of 191 adult patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed locally advanced/metastatic UC whose disease had progressed on, were ineligible for, or refused prior chemotherapy from 60 sites in 9 countries as reported herein.
INTERVENTION
Patients were administered durvalumab intravenous infusion, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, for up to 12 months or until progression, starting another anticancer therapy, or unacceptable toxic effects.
MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES
Primary end points were safety and confirmed objective response rate (ORR) per blinded independent central review (Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors [RECIST], version 1.1).
RESULTS
A total of 191 patients with UC had received treatment. As of October 24, 2016 (90-day update), the median follow-up was 5.78 months (range, 0.4-25.9 months). The median age of patients was 67.0 years and most were male (136 [71.2%]) and white (123 [71.1%]). All patients had stage 4 disease, and 190 (99.5%) had prior anticancer therapy (182 [95.3%] postplatinum). The ORR was 17.8% (34 of 191; 95% CI, 12.7%-24.0%), including 7 complete responses. Responses were early (median time to response, 1.41 months), durable (median duration of response not reached), and observed regardless of programmed cell death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression (ORR, 27.6% [n = 27; 95% CI, 19.0%-37.5%] and 5.1% [n = 4; 95% CI, 1.4%-12.5%] in patients with high and low or negative expression of PD-L1, respectively). Median progression-free survival and overall survival were 1.5 months (95% CI, 1.4-1.9 months) and 18.2 months (95% CI, 8.1 months to not estimable), respectively; the 1-year overall survival rate was 55% (95% CI, 44%-65%), as estimated by Kaplan-Meier method. Grade 3/4 treatment-related adverse events (AEs) occurred in 13 patients (6.8%); grade 3/4 immune-mediated AEs occurred in 4 patients (2.1%); and treatment-related AEs led to discontinuation of 3 patients (1.6%), 2 of whom had immune-mediated AEs that led to death (autoimmune hepatitis and pneumonitis).
CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE
Durvalumab, 10 mg/kg every 2 weeks, demonstrates favorable clinical activity and an encouraging and manageable safety profile in patients with locally advanced/metastatic UC.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01693562.
Topics: Abdominal Neoplasms; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antineoplastic Agents; B7-H1 Antigen; Carcinoma, Transitional Cell; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors; Retreatment; Survival Rate
PubMed: 28817753
DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2017.2411