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Archivos Espanoles de Urologia Jan 2017Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and a lifetimeestimated recurrence risk of over 50%. Imaging techniques play a critical role in the... (Review)
Review
Urolithiasis is a common disease with increasing prevalence worldwide and a lifetimeestimated recurrence risk of over 50%. Imaging techniques play a critical role in the initial diagnosis, follow-up and urological management of urinary tract stone disease. The are many useful tools for diagnosing urolithiasis, including conventional plain radiography, intravenous urography, ultrasonography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging. All these techniques have their own individual roles to play and also their limitations. Radiological management will depend on the tools available at the center and on the characteristics of the patient. Non-contrast enhanced CT scan has high sensitivity and specificity, although concerns about radiation exposure and costs remain. It is essential to use computed tomography techniques that minimize radiation and to use alternatives like ultrasonography, or magnetic resonance imaging in pregnant patients and children. There is no evidence to support strong recommendations regarding the frequency and type of imaging for follow-up of patients with urolithiasis (treated or under observation). The objective of this article is to review the imaging pathway for comprehensive stone management.
Topics: Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Practice Guidelines as Topic; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography; Urolithiasis
PubMed: 28221142
DOI: No ID Found -
European Radiology Sep 2018To investigate current practices and perceptions of imaging in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) according to involved specialists, put them in the context of current... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
To investigate current practices and perceptions of imaging in necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) according to involved specialists, put them in the context of current literature, and identify needs for further investigation.
METHODS
Two hundred two neonatologists, paediatric surgeons, and radiologists answered a web-based questionnaire about imaging in NEC at their hospitals. The results were descriptively analysed, using proportion estimates with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
There was over 90% agreement on the value of imaging for confirmation of the diagnosis, surveillance, and guidance in decisions on surgery as well as on abdominal radiography as the first-choice modality and the most important radiographic signs. More variation was observed regarding some indications for surgery and the use of some ultrasonographic signs. Fifty-eight per cent stated that ultrasound was used for NEC at their hospital. Examination frequency, often once daily or more but with considerable variations, and projections used in AR were usually decided individually rather than according to fixed schedules. Predicting the need of surgery was regarded more important than formal staging.
CONCLUSION
Despite great agreement on the purposes of imaging in NEC and the most important radiographic signs of the disease, there was considerable diversity in routines, especially regarding examination frequency and the use of ultrasound. Apart from continuing validation of ultrasound, important objectives for future studies include definition of the supplementary roles of both imaging modalities in relation to other diagnostic parameters and evaluation of various imaging routines in relation to timing of surgery, complications, and mortality rate.
KEY POINTS
• Imaging is an indispensable tool in the management of necrotising enterocolitis • Predicting the need of surgery is regarded more important than formal staging • There is great consensus on important signs of NEC on abdominal radiography • There is more uncertainty regarding the role of ultrasound • Individualised management is preferred over standardised diagnostic algorithms.
Topics: Attitude of Health Personnel; Diagnosis, Differential; Enterocolitis, Necrotizing; Europe; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Professional Practice; Radiography, Abdominal; Surveys and Questionnaires; Ultrasonography; United States
PubMed: 29582131
DOI: 10.1007/s00330-018-5362-x -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... Apr 2022A 4-month-old girl was admitted to the Emergency Department with gastric vomiting and bloody diarrhea. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, painful, with...
A 4-month-old girl was admitted to the Emergency Department with gastric vomiting and bloody diarrhea. On physical examination, the abdomen was distended, painful, with evidence of peritoneal irritation. The abdominal X-ray showed the presence of intraluminal gas in the ascending colon, sigmoid and rectum.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis; Radiography, Abdominal; Rectum; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34856808
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2021.8482/2021 -
Information Processing in Medical... 2015We present an image segmentation method that transfers label maps of entire organs from the training images to the novel image to be segmented. The transfer is based on...
We present an image segmentation method that transfers label maps of entire organs from the training images to the novel image to be segmented. The transfer is based on sparse correspondences between keypoints that represent automatically identified distinctive image locations. Our segmentation algorithm consists of three steps: (i) keypoint matching, (ii) voting-based keypoint labeling, and (iii) keypoint-based probabilistic transfer of organ label maps. We introduce generative models for the inference of keypoint labels and for image segmentation, where keypoint matches are treated as a latent random variable and are marginalized out as part of the algorithm. We report segmentation results for abdominal organs in whole-body CT and in contrast-enhanced CT images. The accuracy of our method compares favorably to common multi-atlas segmentation while offering a speed-up of about three orders of magnitude. Furthermore, keypoint transfer requires no training phase or registration to an atlas. The algorithm's robustness enables the segmentation of scans with highly variable field-of-view.
Topics: Algorithms; Anatomic Landmarks; Humans; Image Enhancement; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Radiography, Abdominal; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Subtraction Technique; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Viscera; Whole Body Imaging
PubMed: 26221677
DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19992-4_18 -
Canadian Association of Radiologists... Jun 2009Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune-mediated syndrome in which the immune response is to non-organ-specific antigens, and virtually every organ in the abdominal... (Review)
Review
Systemic lupus erythematosus is an immune-mediated syndrome in which the immune response is to non-organ-specific antigens, and virtually every organ in the abdominal cavity may become involved. Only renal involvement forms part of the diagnostic criteria, however, a combination of typically nonspecific findings, including peritoneal surface, enteric, renal, renal tract, pancreatic, adrenal, hepatobiliary, and splenic manifestations, should be looked for in patients with known lupus or other connective tissue disease who are undergoing abdominal imaging and may suggest the diagnosis in patients presenting with an acute abdomen. Our work presents the spectrum of imaging findings of abdominal manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus.
Topics: Abdomen; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Radiography, Abdominal; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Ultrasonography, Doppler
PubMed: 19591763
DOI: 10.1016/j.carj.2009.06.001 -
Scientific Reports Oct 2020This study aimed to verify a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to detect intussusception in children using a human-annotated data set of plain abdominal...
This study aimed to verify a deep convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to detect intussusception in children using a human-annotated data set of plain abdominal X-rays from affected children. From January 2005 to August 2019, 1449 images were collected from plain abdominal X-rays of patients ≤ 6 years old who were diagnosed with intussusception while 9935 images were collected from patients without intussusception from three tertiary academic hospitals (A, B, and C data sets). Single Shot MultiBox Detector and ResNet were used for abdominal detection and intussusception classification, respectively. The diagnostic performance of the algorithm was analysed using internal and external validation tests. The internal test values after training with two hospital data sets were 0.946 to 0.971 for the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), 0.927 to 0.952 for the highest accuracy, and 0.764 to 0.848 for the highest Youden index. The values from external test using the remaining data set were all lower (P-value < 0.001). The mean values of the internal test with all data sets were 0.935 and 0.743 for the AUC and Youden Index, respectively. Detection of intussusception by deep CNN and plain abdominal X-rays could aid in screening for intussusception in children.
Topics: Abdomen; Algorithms; Area Under Curve; Child, Preschool; Deep Learning; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intussusception; Male; Mass Screening; Neural Networks, Computer; ROC Curve; Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Radiography, Abdominal; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 33067505
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74653-1 -
The Canadian Veterinary Journal = La... Oct 2015Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography are commonly used as part of the initial diagnostic plan for cats with nonspecific signs of abdominal disease. This...
Abdominal radiography and ultrasonography are commonly used as part of the initial diagnostic plan for cats with nonspecific signs of abdominal disease. This retrospective study compared the clinical usefulness of abdominal radiography and ultrasonography in 105 feline patients with signs of abdominal disease. The final diagnosis was determined more commonly with ultrasonography (59%) compared to radiography (25.7%). Ultrasonography was also able to provide additional clinically relevant information in 76% of cases, and changed or refined the diagnosis in 47% of cases. Based on these findings, ultrasonography may be sufficient as an initial diagnostic test for the investigation of feline abdominal disease.
Topics: Abdomen; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Radiography, Abdominal; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 26483582
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal (Clinical... Sep 1982
Topics: Aged; Barium Sulfate; Digestive System; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Radiography, Abdominal; Radiography, Thoracic; Radiology; Referral and Consultation; Spine; Ultrasonography; United Kingdom
PubMed: 6809200
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.285.6343.701 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Jun 2008
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Colonoscopy; Decompression; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Intestinal Volvulus; Male; Radiography, Abdominal; Sigmoid Diseases
PubMed: 18559802
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.071760 -
The American Journal of Case Reports Aug 2023BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation poses potential health risk to fetuses, including growth retardation, organ malformations, neurological effects, fetal death, and cancer....
BACKGROUND Ionizing radiation poses potential health risk to fetuses, including growth retardation, organ malformations, neurological effects, fetal death, and cancer. Therefore, pregnant women rarely undergo X-ray imaging, unless absolutely necessary. However, they can be inadvertently exposed to X-rays while undergoing an examination without being aware of their pregnancy. Given that the likelihood of a fetus appearing on an abdominal radiograph is low, physicians can be unfamiliar with the appearance of a fetus on such images. If a fetus incidentally appears on an abdominal radiograph, the clinician can encounter difficulties in identifying the fetus, potentially leading to unexpected harm during subsequent imaging procedures. CASE REPORT A 41-year-old woman presented with symptoms of postprandial abdominal pain, abdominal fullness, and urinary frequency. Abdominal radiography revealed a large mass with calcifications in the pelvis and lower abdomen, raising suspicion of a large pelvic tumor, such as a teratoma. However, subsequent ultrasound unexpectedly revealed that the woman was actually 6 months pregnant. The presumed tumor was an enlarged uterus, and the presumed calcifications were the fetus's bones. Before X-ray, the woman had denied being pregnant, mistakenly attributing her condition to excess weight and irregular menstrual cycles. Fortunately, the use of ultrasound instead of computed tomography prevented radiation exposure to the fetus, and the baby was delivered in a healthy state at full term. CONCLUSIONS To avoid unintended harm to fetuses, clinicians should consider the possibility of pregnancy when evaluating a pelvic mass in women of childbearing age. To aid clinicians in accurately identifying fetuses on abdominal radiography and thereby reduce the likelihood of misdiagnosis, we propose the "circled delta sign" and the "reversed circled delta sign".
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Infant; Humans; Adult; Radiography, Abdominal; Fetus; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Abdominal Pain
PubMed: 37621077
DOI: 10.12659/AJCR.940689