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Acta Dermato-venereologica Jan 2018Abnormal colouring of the nails may be a sign of underlying systemic or local disorders. This study investigated the prevalence and causes of chromonychia as a whole, as...
Abnormal colouring of the nails may be a sign of underlying systemic or local disorders. This study investigated the prevalence and causes of chromonychia as a whole, as well as of each subtype. Among 163 patients with chromonychia, trauma was the pathogenesis in up to 20.9% (34/163) of cases. The most common subtype was melanonychia (54.0%; 88/163), followed by leukonychia (23.9%), red (8.6%), green (6.7%), yellow (4.9%) and blue (1.8%) nails. Nail matrix naevus (33.3%; 29/88) was the most common cause of melanonychia, while skin diseases (41.0%; 16/39), such as psoriasis (75%, 12/16) and alopecia areata (18.8%; 3/16), in addition to systemic diseases (33.3%; 13/39) including anaemia (38.5%, 5/13) and chronic renal failure (15.4%; 2/13) were the dominant causes of leukonychia. As chromonychia may be the first or only sign of an underlying disorder, it should alert physicians and patients to the need for a prompt and thorough evaluation.
Topics: Adult; Alopecia Areata; Anemia; Color; Female; Humans; Hyperpigmentation; Hypopigmentation; Male; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Nail Diseases; Nevus; Prevalence; Pseudomonas Infections; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Psoriasis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies; Skin Neoplasms; Wounds and Injuries; Young Adult
PubMed: 28902945
DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2798 -
La Clinica Terapeutica 2021Developmental defects of enamel are encountered daily in our dental practice. The management of enamel hypomineralized lesions may be challenging, especially as esthetic...
Developmental defects of enamel are encountered daily in our dental practice. The management of enamel hypomineralized lesions may be challenging, especially as esthetic concern around the young population is increasing. Resin infiltration, a new technique firstly proposed to halt caries progression in the posterior segment, showed a strong positive esthetic effect in the treatment of developmental defects with different etiologies. Future in-vivo studies are needed to evaluate the longterm color stability, in order to provide a strong clinical recommendation.
Topics: Color; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Esthetics, Dental; Humans; Resins, Synthetic; Tooth Demineralization
PubMed: 33346328
DOI: 10.7417/CT.2021.2282 -
Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 2022The caliber-persistent labial artery is a vascular anomaly in which a primary arterial branch penetrates into the submucosal tissue without reduction in diameter. Most...
The caliber-persistent labial artery is a vascular anomaly in which a primary arterial branch penetrates into the submucosal tissue without reduction in diameter. Most lesions are benign and do not require treatment, except for complications and/or on patient demands. In this way, noninvasive diagnostic tools are preferred such as high-resolution and color Doppler ultrasonography which allow direct observation of the lesion, assessing its exact location and diameter at every axis, as well as the blood flow velocity. An excisional biopsy of these lesions or even their surgical extirpation could have a fatal outcome with profuse bleeding.
Topics: Arteries; Humans; Lip Diseases; Musculoskeletal Abnormalities; Ultrasonography, Doppler, Color; Vascular Malformations
PubMed: 34839982
DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2021.01.004 -
The British Journal of Radiology Nov 2021The objective of this Pictorial Review is to describe the use of colour-coded Dual-Energy CT (DECT) to aid in the interpretation of CT Venography (CTV) of the head for... (Review)
Review
The objective of this Pictorial Review is to describe the use of colour-coded Dual-Energy CT (DECT) to aid in the interpretation of CT Venography (CTV) of the head for emergent indications. We describe a DE CTV acquisition and post-processing technique that can be readily incorporated into clinical workflow. Colour-coded DE CTV may aid the identification and characterization of dural venous sinus abnormalities and other cerebrovascular pathologies, which can improve diagnostic confidence in emergent imaging settings.
Topics: Brain; Brain Diseases; Color; Computed Tomography Angiography; Contrast Media; Emergencies; Humans; Iodine; Neuroimaging; Phlebography; Radiographic Image Enhancement; Radiography, Dual-Energy Scanned Projection
PubMed: 34379491
DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20201309 -
Cytometry. Part B, Clinical Cytometry Mar 2018The enormous potential of complex data files generated by 10-color flow cytometry (FC) is hindered by the requirement for exhaustive manual gating and the complexity of...
BACKGROUND
The enormous potential of complex data files generated by 10-color flow cytometry (FC) is hindered by the requirement for exhaustive manual gating and the complexity of multidimensional data visualization. We propose a model using radar plots (RPs), to improve FC data visualization by capturing multidimensionality and integration of FC findings.
METHOD
We analysed 12 normal/reactive bone marrow (N/R BM) samples and 12 BM samples from patients with myelodysplasia (MDS) with 10-color FC. All identifiable cell clusters were individually marked, grouped, and visualized on radar plots. RPs were optimized to de-clutter the cell clusters and map BM cell composition and maturation.
RESULTS
A total of 27 immature and mature cell clusters were identified and visualized on 8 multidimensional radar plots. The RPs displayed flow cytometry findings of normal BM in an integrated fashion to maximize overall insight into the data set. The constructed map of bone marrow cell composition was reproducible in all normal BM samples analyzed. Analysis of the pilot cohort of patient samples confirmed the presence of MDS-related changes. These changes are readily identifiable on RPs.
CONCLUSION
We demonstrated that the cell clusters of normal BM can be mapped on multidimensional radar plots, which provide an inclusive insight into BM cell composition and maturation. These reproducible RPs present a comprehensive and comprehensible visual display of differentiation and maturation of haematopoietic cells in normal BM, and can be used as a reference map to assess abnormal haematopoiesis in MDS. © 2017 International Clinical Cytometry Society.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Cell Differentiation; Cohort Studies; Color; Female; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myelodysplastic Syndromes; Pilot Projects; Radar; Young Adult
PubMed: 28257592
DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21519 -
The importance of heart murmur in the neonatal period and justification of echocardiographic review.Medical Archives (Sarajevo, Bosnia and... Aug 2014Heart murmurs can be functional (innocent) and pathological (organic). Although it is not considered a major sign of heart disease, it may be a sign of a serious heart... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Heart murmurs can be functional (innocent) and pathological (organic). Although it is not considered a major sign of heart disease, it may be a sign of a serious heart defect. In most cases the noise is initiation for cardiac treatment. Is it possible to differentiate on the basis of auscultation innocent from pathological heart murmur? In this article we present the results of ultrasonography of newborns with positive auscultation finding of the heart in the neonatal and early infancy period.
GOAL
To determine the role of murmurs in the heart detected by routine clinical examination in the neonatal period and early infancy, and to establish the legitimacy of cardiology consultation and ultrasound of the heart.
METHODS
A retrospective review of medical records in the period from January 1 to December 31, 2011 at the Maternity ward of Cantonal Hospital in Bihac 1899 children was born. In 32 neonates was registered a heart murmur, in the period from birth up to 6 weeks of life. All children with positive auscultation finding of the heart were examined echocardiography by ultrasound ALOCA 2000, multifrequency probe from 3.5 to 5 MHz, and used M-mode, 2-D, continuous, pulsed and color Doppler.
RESULTS
Of the 32 examined children regular echocardiographic findings had two children (6.25%), aberrant bunch of left ventricle 11 (34.37%), patent foramen ovale 5 (15.62%), atrial septal defect 3 children (9.37%), ventricular septal defect 8 children (25%), cyanogen anomaly 2 children (6.25%), stenosis of the pulmonary artery 1 child (3.12%). We see that 14 children (43.75%) had a structural abnormality of the heart that requires further treatment and monitoring.
CONCLUSION
Echocardiography is necessary to set up or refute the diagnosis of structural heart defect in children with positive auscultation finding in the neonatal period.
Topics: Congenital Abnormalities; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Auscultation; Heart Murmurs; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 25568554
DOI: 10.5455/medarh.2014.68.282-284 -
Eye (London, England) Apr 2022Eye colour and colour perception are excellent examples to use when teaching genetics as they encompass not simply the basic Mendelian genetics of dominant, recessive... (Review)
Review
Eye colour and colour perception are excellent examples to use when teaching genetics as they encompass not simply the basic Mendelian genetics of dominant, recessive and X-linked disorders, but also many of the new concepts such as non-allelic diseases, polygenic disease, phenocopies, genome-wide association study (GWAS), founder effects, gene-environment interaction, evolutionary drivers for variations, copy number variation, insertions deletions, methylation and gene inactivation. Beyond genetics, colour perception touches on concepts involving optics, physics, physiology and psychology and can capture the imagination of the population, as we saw with social media trend of "#the dress". Television shows such as Game of Thrones focused attention on the eye colour of characters, as well as their Dire-wolves and Dragons. These themes in popular culture can be leveraged as tools to teach and engage everyone in genetics, which is now a key component in all eye diseases. As the explosion of data from genomics, big data and artificial intelligence transforms medicine, ophthalmologists need to be genetically literate. Genetics is relevant, not just for Inherited Retinal Diseases and congenital abnormalities but also for the leading causes of blindness: age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, myopia, diabetic retinopathy and cataract. Genetics should be part of the armamentarium of every practicing ophthalmologist. We need to ask every patient about their family history. In the near future, patients will attend eye clinics with genetic results showing they are at high risk of certain eye diseases and ophthalmologists will need to know how to screen, follow and treat these patients.
Topics: Artificial Intelligence; Color Vision; DNA Copy Number Variations; Eye Color; Genome-Wide Association Study; Glaucoma; Humans
PubMed: 34426658
DOI: 10.1038/s41433-021-01749-x -
Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy 2010In the first trimester the ductus venosus can be easily identified with color Doppler and a ductus venosus waveform can be obtained by pulsed Doppler. At 11-13 weeks the... (Review)
Review
In the first trimester the ductus venosus can be easily identified with color Doppler and a ductus venosus waveform can be obtained by pulsed Doppler. At 11-13 weeks the prevalence of abnormal a-wave in the ductus venosus is inversely related to fetal crown-rump length and maternal serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), increases with fetal nuchal translucency (NT) thickness and is more common in women of Black racial origin and in fetuses with abnormal karyotype or cardiac defects. Ductus venosus flow provides an independent contribution in the prediction of chromosomal abnormalities when combined with NT and the maternal serum markers of PAPP-A and free beta-hCG, increasing the detection rate to 96% at a false-positive rate of 2.6%. Abnormal ductus venosus flow increases the risk of cardiac defects in fetuses with NT above the 95th centile, and it may increase the risk in fetuses with normal NT. In twin pregnancies, abnormal ductus venosus flow is associated with chromosomal abnormalities and cardiac defects. In monochorionic twins, abnormal flow in the ductus venosus in at least 1 of the fetuses increases the risk of developing twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome.
Topics: Chromosome Aberrations; Female; Fetal Heart; Fetofetal Transfusion; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy, Multiple; Regional Blood Flow; Ultrasonography, Prenatal; Umbilical Veins
PubMed: 20571255
DOI: 10.1159/000314036 -
Ostomy/wound Management Apr 2009The phrasing of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's (NPUAP) definition of deep tissue injury (DTI) was based on case reports, clinical observations, and... (Review)
Review
The phrasing of the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel's (NPUAP) definition of deep tissue injury (DTI) was based on case reports, clinical observations, and experience. Although etiological studies of DTI, primarily related to characterizing biomechanical factors affecting onset and progression, support and strengthen parts of the NPUAP's definition, some recent findings suggest a need to re-evaluate the wording and perhaps refine future definitions of DTI. Application of existing bioengineering research to underlying biological, physical, biomechanical, and biochemical mechanisms involved in the definition of DTI suggests the following: 1) changes in skin color - ie, deviation of the local skin color from the surroundings - may indicate a DTI might be present, but color is not useful for quantifying the severity of injury; 2) the pressure and/or shear definition is inaccurate because it creates an artificial distinction between pressure and shear, which are physically coupled, and because it ignores tensional loads; 3) palpating tissue firmness at the wound site provides limited assessment information because tissue firmness will depend on the point in time along the course of DTI development. Damaged tissues might appear stiffer than surrounding tissues if examined when muscle tissue is locally contracted due to local rigor mortis but at a later stage damage might manifest as tissues that are softer than their surroundings when digestive enzymes start decomposing necrotic tissues; 4) skin temperature changes near the DTI site may reflect inflammatory response, causing local heating, or ischemic perfusion, causing local cooling; and 5) rapid deterioration of DTI is likely occurring due to muscle tissue stiffening at the rigor mortis phase; stiffened tissues abnormally deform adjacent tissues and this effect is amplified if muscles are atrophied. The application of interdisciplinary research may help clinicians and researchers move from evolving jargons, staging systems, and injury definitions to valid and reliable clinical instruments, which will improve clinical practice.
Topics: Bias; Biomedical Engineering; Color; Computer Simulation; Disease Progression; Humans; Inflammation; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Necrosis; Patient Care Team; Physical Examination; Pressure Ulcer; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Shear Strength; Skin Temperature; Stress, Mechanical; Time Factors
PubMed: 19387094
DOI: No ID Found -
Learning & Behavior Mar 2020In two experiments, we trained pigeons (Columba livia) to sort visual images (obtained by clinical myocardial perfusion imaging techniques) depicting different degrees...
In two experiments, we trained pigeons (Columba livia) to sort visual images (obtained by clinical myocardial perfusion imaging techniques) depicting different degrees of human cardiac disfunction (myocardial hypoperfusion of the left ventricle) into normal and abnormal categories by providing food reward only after correct choice responses. Pigeons proved to be highly proficient at categorizing pseudo-colorized images as well as highly sensitive to the degree of the perfusion deficit depicted in the abnormal images. In later testing, the pigeons completely transferred discriminative responding to novel stimuli, demonstrating that they had fully learned the normal and abnormal categories. Yet, these pigeons failed to transfer discriminative responding to grayscale images containing no color information. We therefore trained a second cohort of pigeons to categorize grayscale image sets from the outset. These birds required substantially more training to achieve similar levels of performance. Yet, they too completely transferred discriminative responding to novel stimuli by relying on both global and local disparities in brightness between the normal and abnormal images. These results confirm that pseudo-colorization can enhance pigeons' categorization of human cardiac images, a result also found with human observers. Overall, our findings further document the potential of the pigeon as a useful aide in studies of medical image perception.
Topics: Animals; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning; Heart Diseases; Humans; Learning; Pattern Recognition, Visual
PubMed: 31965462
DOI: 10.3758/s13420-020-00410-z