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Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases May 2021
Occurrence of bla in a Clinical Isolate of Acinetobacter lwoffii in Japan: Comparison of bla-Harboring Plasmids between A. lwoffii and A. pittii Originated from a Hospital Sink.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Fomites; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Hospitals; Japan; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; beta-Lactamases
PubMed: 33250496
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2020.806 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The /Xer system of site-specific recombination allows resolution of chromosomal dimers during bacterial DNA replication. Recently, it was also shown to be involved in...
The /Xer system of site-specific recombination allows resolution of chromosomal dimers during bacterial DNA replication. Recently, it was also shown to be involved in horizontal transfer of a few known Xer-dependent mobile elements. Here, we show that plasmids of various species, including clinically important strains, often contain multiple p sites that are mainly located within their accessory regions. Chromosomes of strains may also contain additional sites, and their similarity with plasmid p sites is higher than with the main chromosomal site . We further identify putative mobile genetic elements containing p sites on both flanks of adaptive genes and analyze their distribution in species. In total, we describe seven mobile elements containing genes with various adaptive functions from permafrost strains of group. All of them are also spread in modern plasmids of different species including . We could not detect p sites and corresponding mobile elements in closely related bacterial genera, including and . Thus, the widespread distribution of modules is a characteristic feature of species and may contribute to their high adaptability both in the environment and in the clinic.
PubMed: 30984151
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00632 -
Emerging Infectious Diseases Feb 2007
Topics: Acinetobacter; Acinetobacter Infections; Bacteremia; Catheterization; Cross Infection; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial; Equipment Contamination; Humans; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 17479919
DOI: 10.3201/eid1302.060858 -
Allergy Jun 2023The microbiome associations of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) are understudied. We sought to prospectively define the clinical features of FPIES in...
BACKGROUND
The microbiome associations of food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) are understudied. We sought to prospectively define the clinical features of FPIES in a birth cohort, and investigate for the evidence of gut dysbiosis.
METHODS
We identified children diagnosed with FPIES in the Gastrointestinal Microbiome and Allergic Proctocolitis Study, a healthy infant cohort. Children were assessed and stools were collected at each well child visit. The clinical features of the children with FPIES were summarized. Stool microbiome was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing comparing children with and without FPIES.
RESULTS
Of the 874 children followed up for 3 years, 8 FPIES cases (4 male) were identified, yielding a cumulative incidence of 0.92%. The most common triggers were oat and rice (n = 3, each) followed by milk (n = 2). The children with FPIES were more likely to have family history of food allergy (50% vs. 15.9% among unaffected, p = .03). The average age of disease presentation was 6 months old. During the first 6 months of life, stool from children with FPIES contained significantly less Bifidobacterium adolescentis, but more pathobionts, including Bacteroides spp. (especially Bacteroides fragilis), Holdemania spp., Lachnobacterium spp., and Acinetobacter lwoffii. The short-chain fatty acid (SCFA)-producing Bifidobacterium shunt was expressed significantly less in the stool from FPIES children.
CONCLUSIONS
In this cohort, the cumulative incidence over the 3-year study period was 0.92%. During the first 6 months of life, children with FPIES had evidence of dysbiosis and SCFA production pathway was expressed less in their stool, which may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FPIES.
Topics: Child; Humans; Infant; Male; Prospective Studies; Dysbiosis; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Dietary Proteins; Syndrome; Food Hypersensitivity; Enterocolitis; Allergens
PubMed: 36635218
DOI: 10.1111/all.15644 -
IDCases 2015Bacteremia is currently one of the infections with the highest mortality in hospitals [1]. Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter baumannii are gram-negative bacteria...
Bacteremia is currently one of the infections with the highest mortality in hospitals [1]. Acinetobacter lwoffii and Acinetobacter baumannii are gram-negative bacteria and both represent opportunistic pathogens. In certain cases, the management can be challenging since these organisms can be highly resistant to antimicrobial agents. Clinical illnesses associated with Acinetobacter include pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, endocarditis and infections of the urinary tract and skin [1]. Acinetobacter bacteremia represents a serious and ever increasing problem because of the high associated morbidity and mortality.
PubMed: 26793461
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2015.05.002 -
Infection and Immunity May 2002In mouse models and humans, Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in serum gastrin and gastrin-expressing (G) cells with a concomitant decrease in...
In mouse models and humans, Helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in serum gastrin and gastrin-expressing (G) cells with a concomitant decrease in somatostatin-expressing D cells. Inflammation of the gastric mucosa can progress to metaplastic changes in the stomach and to decreased colonization by H. pylori and increased colonization by non-H. pylori organisms. In addition, about 20% of individuals with chronic gastritis are H. pylori negative, suggesting that other organisms may induce gastritis. Consistent with this hypothesis, we report here that Acinetobacter lwoffii causes the same histologic changes as does H. pylori. Gastric epithelial cells were isolated from the entire stomach by an enzymatic method for quantitation by both flow cytometry and morphometric analysis. Two months after mice were inoculated with H. pylori or A. lwoffii, the mucosal T- and B-cell numbers significantly increased. After 4 months of infection, there was a threefold increase in the number of G cells and a doubling in the number of parietal cells. A threefold decrease in the number of D cells occurred in H. pylori- and A. lwoffii-infected mice. Plasma gastrin levels increased after both H. pylori and A. lwoffii infection. Histology revealed the presence of inflammation in the gastric mucosa with both A. lwoffii and H. pylori infection. A periodic acid-Schiff stain-alcian blue stain revealed mucous gland metaplasia of the corpus. Collectively, the results demonstrate that gastritis and hypergastrinemia are not specific for H. pylori but can be induced by other gram-negative bacteria capable of infecting the mouse stomach.
Topics: Acinetobacter Infections; Animals; DNA, Bacterial; ErbB Receptors; Gastric Mucosa; Gastrins; Gastritis; Helicobacter Infections; Helicobacter pylori; Ki-67 Antigen; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 11953405
DOI: 10.1128/IAI.70.5.2630-2639.2002 -
International Microbiology : the... Nov 2023Ingesting marine plastics is increasingly common in cetaceans, but little is known about their potential effects. Here, by utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we...
Ingesting marine plastics is increasingly common in cetaceans, but little is known about their potential effects. Here, by utilizing 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we profiled the intestinal bacterial communities of a stranded Risso's dolphin (Grampus griseus) which died because of the ingestion of rubber gloves. In this study, we explored the potential relationships between starvation raised by plastic ingestion with the dolphin gut microbiota. Our results showed significant differences in bacterial diversity and composition among the different anatomical areas along the intestinal tract, which may be related to the intestinal emptying process under starvation. In addition, the intestinal bacterial composition of the Risso's dolphin showed both similarity and divergence to that of other toothed whales, suggesting potential roles of both host phylogeny and habitat shaping of the cetacean intestinal microbiome. Perhaps, the microbiota is reflecting a potentially disordered intestinal microbial profile caused by the ingestion of macro-plastics which led to starvation. Moreover, two operational taxonomic units (0.17% of the total reads) affiliated with Actinobacillus and Acinetobacter lwoffii were detected along the intestinal tract. These bacterial species may cause infections in immunocompromised dolphins which are malnourished. This preliminary study profiles the intestinal microbiota of a Risso's dolphin, and provides an additional understanding of the potential relationships between starvation raised by ingesting macro-plastics with cetacean gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Dolphins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Eating
PubMed: 37059916
DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00355-z -
Infection & Chemotherapy Mar 2014Mycotic aneurysms are uncommon, but are fatal without appropriate management. Previous reports have shown that anaerobes and gram-negative organisms are less common but...
Mycotic aneurysms are uncommon, but are fatal without appropriate management. Previous reports have shown that anaerobes and gram-negative organisms are less common but more dangerous than other causative agents of mycotic aneurysm. We report the case of a 60-year-old man with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus and atherosclerosis in the aorta, and a 10-day of history of lower abdominal pain and fever. This man was diagnosed with an uncommon abdominal aorta mycotic aneurysm caused by Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Acinetobacter lwoffii. The aneurysm was successfully treated with antibiotics therapy and aorto-bi-external iliac artery bypass with debridement of the infected aortic wall. We present this case together with a review of the relevant literature.
PubMed: 24693472
DOI: 10.3947/ic.2014.46.1.54 -
Fukushima Journal of Medical Science Nov 2023The incidence of Acinetobacter infections has increased in recent years. Acinetobacter infections are resistant to most antibiotics and can be found in hospitalized...
The incidence of Acinetobacter infections has increased in recent years. Acinetobacter infections are resistant to most antibiotics and can be found in hospitalized patients. Pregnancies complicated by severe sepsis or septic shock are associated with a higher rate of preterm labor and delivery, fetal infection, and operative delivery. This case report describes septic shock due to Acinetobacter lwoffii infection in the 31st week of gestation. A 47-year-old woman, with a gestation of 31 weeks and one day, presented with a fever, and signs of bacterial infection on laboratory tests. Although the patient was started on tazobactam/piperacillin, she went into septic shock, and was transferred to our hospital. Cesarean section was performed at a gestation of 31 weeks and 4 days because of severe maternal pneumonia and non-reassuring fetal status. A. lwoffii was detected in blood cultures collected at the previous hospital, and susceptibility to piperacillin and meropenem to A. lwoffii was confirmed. The pneumonia responded to antibiotic treatment and there were no findings of infection in the neonate. Maternal sepsis is an infrequent but important complication, causing significant maternal and fetal morbidity and fetal and neonatal mortality; therefore, early antibiotic therapy is required to improve the clinical outcome.
Topics: Infant, Newborn; Humans; Pregnancy; Female; Middle Aged; Shock, Septic; Acinetobacter Infections; Cesarean Section; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Piperacillin; Pneumonia
PubMed: 37766560
DOI: 10.5387/fms.2022-43 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen involved in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, ulceration, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)...
is a widespread Gram-negative pathogen involved in a variety of gastrointestinal diseases, including gastritis, ulceration, mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma and gastric cancer. Immune responses aimed at eradication of often prove futile, and paradoxically play a crucial role in the degeneration of epithelial integrity and disease progression. We have previously shown that infection of primary human monocytes increases their potential to respond to subsequent bacterial stimuli - a process that may be involved in the generation of exaggerated, yet ineffective immune responses directed against the pathogen. In this study, we show that -induced monocyte priming is not a common feature of Gram-negative bacteria, as induces tolerance to subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Although the increased reactivity of infected monocytes seems to be specific to , it appears to be independent of its virulence factors Cag pathogenicity island (CagPAI), cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA), vacuolating toxin A (VacA) and γ-glutamyl transferase (γ-GT). Utilizing whole-cell proteomics complemented with biochemical signaling studies, we show that infection of monocytes induces a unique proteomic signature compared to other pro-inflammatory priming stimuli, namely LPS and the pathobiont . Contrary to these tolerance-inducing stimuli, priming leads to accumulation of NF-кB proteins, including p65/RelA, and thus to the acquisition of a monocyte phenotype more responsive to subsequent LPS challenge. The plasticity of pro-inflammatory responses based on abundance and availability of intracellular signaling molecules may be a heretofore underappreciated form of regulating innate immune memory as well as a novel facet of the pathobiology induced by .
Topics: Humans; NF-kappa B; Bacterial Proteins; Helicobacter pylori; Trained Immunity; Lipopolysaccharides; Proteomics
PubMed: 38053995
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1290833