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IDCases 2021A 56-year-old female with a history of poor dental hygiene and aortic insufficiency status post aortic valve replacement in 2015 presented with chest pain and fevers....
A 56-year-old female with a history of poor dental hygiene and aortic insufficiency status post aortic valve replacement in 2015 presented with chest pain and fevers. She was found to have portal vein thrombosis, colitis, and infective endocarditis with aortic valve thickening. Blood cultures were positive for and Transesophageal echocardiogram was positive for aortic root thickening. Patient was treated with ceftriaxone and apixaban with full recovery.
PubMed: 33850721
DOI: 10.1016/j.idcr.2021.e01079 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Sep 2018The human oral cavity is home to a large number of bacteria and bacteriophages (phages). However, the biology of oral phages as members of the human microbiome is not...
The human oral cavity is home to a large number of bacteria and bacteriophages (phages). However, the biology of oral phages as members of the human microbiome is not well understood. Recently, we isolated subsp. strain XH001 from the human oral cavity, and genomic analysis revealed the presence of an intact prophage named xhp1. Here, we demonstrated that xhp1 is a linear plasmid-like prophage, which is a newly identified phage of The prophage xhp1 genome is a 35-kb linear double-stranded DNA with 10-bp single-stranded, 3' cohesive ends. xhp1 exists extrachromosomally, with an estimated copy number of 5. Annotation of xhp1 revealed 54 open reading frames, while phylogenetic analysis suggests that it has limited similarity with other phages. xhp1 phage particles can be induced by mitomycin C and belong to the family, according to transmission electron microscopic examination. The released xhp1 particles can reinfect the xhp1-cured XH001 strain and result in tiny blurry plaques. Moreover, xhp1 promotes XH001 biofilm formation through spontaneous induction and the release of host extracellular DNA (eDNA). In conclusion, we identified a linear plasmid-like prophage of , which enhances bacterial host biofilm assembly and could be beneficial to the host for its persistence in the oral cavity. The biology of phages as members of the human oral microbiome is understudied. Here, we report the characterization of xhp1, a novel linear plasmid-like prophage identified from a human oral isolate, subsp. strain XH001. xhp1 can be induced and reinfect xhp1-cured XH001. The spontaneous induction of xhp1 leads to the lysis of a subpopulation of bacterial hosts and the release of eDNA that promotes biofilm assembly, thus potentially contributing to the persistence of within the oral cavity.
Topics: Actinomyces; Biofilms; Genome, Bacterial; Genome, Viral; Humans; Lysogeny; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Mouth; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Prophages; Siphoviridae
PubMed: 29915115
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01263-18 -
Microorganisms Dec 2022infection is an important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. However, only a few -infected people develop gastric cancer. Thus, other risk factors aside from...
infection is an important risk factor for developing gastric cancer. However, only a few -infected people develop gastric cancer. Thus, other risk factors aside from infection may be involved in gastric cancer development. This study aimed to investigate whether the nitrate-reducing bacteria isolated from patients with atrophic gastritis caused by infection are risk factors for developing atrophic gastritis and gastric neoplasia. Nitrate-reducing bacteria were isolated from patients with atrophic gastritis caused by infection. Among the isolated bacteria, , , , and were used in the subsequent experiments. Cytokine inducibility was evaluated in monocytic cells, and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activity and cell cycle were assessed in the gastric epithelial cells. The cytotoxicities and neutrophil-inducing abilities of the and species were enhanced when cocultured with . Th1/Th2-related cytokines were also expressed, but their expression levels differed depending on the bacterial species. Moreover, and activated MAPK (ERK and p38) and affected cell cycle progression. Some nitrate-reducing bacteria cocultured with may promote inflammation and atrophy by inducing cytokine production. In addition, the MAPK activation and cell cycle progression caused by these bacteria can contribute to gastric cancer development.
PubMed: 36557748
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122495 -
BMC Infectious Diseases Jun 2022Actinomyces species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic rods and are rare causes of cholecystitis. Because Actinomyces species are anaerobic bacteria, it is difficult...
BACKGROUNDS
Actinomyces species are gram-positive, obligate anaerobic rods and are rare causes of cholecystitis. Because Actinomyces species are anaerobic bacteria, it is difficult for Actinomyces to survive in bile apart from A. naeslundii. We experienced a case of recurrent acute cholecystitis caused by A. odontolyticus.
CASE PRESENTATION
A patient had been diagnosed with acute cholecystitis and treated one month before and after that, admitted to our hospital because of recurrent cholecystitis. Gram stain of the bile revealed gram-positive rods and gram-positive cocci. We found A. odontolyticus and MRSA in bile culture and MRSA in blood culture. We administered piperacillin-tazobactam and then changed it to ampicillin-sulbactam and vancomycin. The patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy and was discharged safely.
CONCLUSIONS
To our knowledge, this is the first case of cholecystitis caused by A. odontolyticus. Cholecystitis caused by Actinomyces species is rare. In addition, we may overlook it with the low positivity of bile cultures of Actinomyces. Whenever the cholecystitis recurs without any obstruction of the biliary tract, we should search for the gram-positive rods hidden in the bile, such as A. odontolyticus, as the causative organism, even if the bile culture is negative.
Topics: Actinomyces; Actinomycosis; Cholecystitis; Cholecystitis, Acute; Humans
PubMed: 35659260
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07491-3 -
Chest Apr 1996We present the first case of mediastinitis and the third case of pneumonia attributed to Actinomyces odontolyticus. The first patient presented 10 months after... (Review)
Review
We present the first case of mediastinitis and the third case of pneumonia attributed to Actinomyces odontolyticus. The first patient presented 10 months after single-lung transplant with a subacute apical infiltrate in the native lung and responded to therapy with oral penicillin. The second patient developed pyogenic mediastinitis 25 days after a heart-lung transplant and required sternal debridement and intravenous penicillin. We also review the literature on thoracopulmonary infections due to A odontolyticus.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Administration, Oral; Adult; Debridement; Heart-Lung Transplantation; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lung Transplantation; Male; Mediastinitis; Middle Aged; Penicillin G; Penicillin V; Penicillins; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Sternum
PubMed: 8635341
DOI: 10.1378/chest.109.4.1109 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2021In caries, low pH drives selection and enrichment of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in oral biofilms, and development of acid tolerance in early colonizers is thought...
BACKGROUND
In caries, low pH drives selection and enrichment of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria in oral biofilms, and development of acid tolerance in early colonizers is thought to play a key role in this shift. Since previous studies have focussed on planktonic cells, the effect of biofilm growth as well as the role of a salivary pellicle on this process is largely unknown. We explored acid tolerance and acid tolerance response (ATR) induction in biofilm cells of both clinical and laboratory strains of three oral streptococcal species (Streptococcus gordonii, Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus mutans) as well as two oral species of Actinomyces (A. naeslundii and A. odontolyticus) and examined the role of salivary proteins in acid tolerance development.
METHODS
Biofilms were formed on surfaces in Ibidi® mini flow cells with or without a coating of salivary proteins and acid tolerance assessed by exposing them to a challenge known to kill non-acid tolerant cells (pH 3.5 for 30 min) followed by staining with LIVE/DEAD BacLight and confocal scanning laser microscopy. The ability to induce an ATR was assessed by exposing the biofilms to an adaptation pH (pH 5.5) for 2 hours prior to the low pH challenge.
RESULTS
Biofilm formation significantly increased acid tolerance in all the clinical streptococcal strains (P < 0.05) whereas the laboratory strains varied in their response. In biofilms, S. oralis was much more acid tolerant than S. gordonii or S. mutans. A. naeslundii showed a significant increase in acid tolerance in biofilms compared to planktonic cells (P < 0.001) which was not seen for A. odontolyticus. All strains except S. oralis induced an ATR after pre-exposure to pH 5.5 (P < 0.05). The presence of a salivary pellicle enhanced both acid tolerance development and ATR induction in S. gordonii biofilms (P < 0.05) but did not affect the other bacteria to the same extent.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that factors such as surface contact, the presence of a salivary pellicle and sensing of environmental pH can contribute to the development of high levels of acid tolerance amongst early colonizers in oral biofilms which may be important in the initiation of caries.
Topics: Acids; Adaptation, Physiological; Biofilms; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mouth; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus
PubMed: 33583397
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02089-2 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2021A 33-year-old man without significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a 6-month history of fatigue and 30 pounds of unintentional weight loss,...
A 33-year-old man without significant medical history presented to the emergency department with a 6-month history of fatigue and 30 pounds of unintentional weight loss, with a recent cough and fever over the past week. He recalled two similar illnesses during college that did not require medical care. He denied tobacco use but reported inhaling marijuana 1-2 times daily over the past year with a vaping device. Physical exam was notable for a temperature of 100.0°F and an elevated blood pressure at 161/77 mm Hg. He was diaphoretic with clear breath sounds bilaterally. Chest imaging revealed diffuse ground glass opacities with subpleural sparing and mildly enlarged hilar lymph nodes. Bronchoscopy with transbronchial lung biopsies and needle aspirate of lymph nodes revealed organising pneumonia, and subsequent cultures grew He was treated with amoxicillin and corticosteroids with subsequent resolution on repeat chest imaging.
Topics: Actinomycosis; Adult; Cannabis; Cough; Humans; Lung Diseases; Male; Vaping
PubMed: 33795280
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2020-240973 -
Respirology Case Reports Jun 2022We present a 43-year-old woman, with a history of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and a chronic bronchocoele, who was admitted to hospital with an infection of...
We present a 43-year-old woman, with a history of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and a chronic bronchocoele, who was admitted to hospital with an infection of the bronchocoele, progressing to a pulmonary abscess and polymicrobial empyema, following dental extraction and regular probiotic ingestion. Interval chest imaging following this procedure demonstrated worsening right upper lobe opacities and a right-sided pleural effusion. Bronchoscopies identified copious mucoid secretions and an infected bronchocoele with a right upper lobe airways impaction. Oral cavity organisms including were cultured on bronchial washings. and were cultured in pleural fluid. Treatment with endoscopic mucoid secretion suctioning; intercostal catheter insertion and therapeutic drainage; and antibiotic, glucocorticoid and anti-IgE therapy resulted in clinical and radiological improvement. Our case illustrates the potential pulmonary complications from oral cavity organisms following tooth extraction and probiotic use in patients with chronic lung disease associated with mucoid lesions and airways obstruction.
PubMed: 35509978
DOI: 10.1002/rcr2.954 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jan 2022The bacteria are associated with cervicothoracic disease in immunocompromised patients; however, cervical infection with extensive spread to the mediastinum in a...
The bacteria are associated with cervicothoracic disease in immunocompromised patients; however, cervical infection with extensive spread to the mediastinum in a previously healthy patient was not reported before in Qatar. The patient underwent drainage of collections in synchrony with intravenous antibiotics and recovered with an excellent outcome.
PubMed: 35198218
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2022.100956 -
JACC. Case Reports Aug 2022The authors present a very rare case of bacterial purulent pericarditis due to 2 weeks following an endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy. On his presentation, he was...
The authors present a very rare case of bacterial purulent pericarditis due to 2 weeks following an endobronchial ultrasound bronchoscopy. On his presentation, he was in cardiac tamponade, for which he underwent an emergent pericardiocentesis with purulent drainage. Similar organisms grew in his left pleural effusion. ().
PubMed: 36062050
DOI: 10.1016/j.jaccas.2022.06.007