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Polish Journal of Microbiology 2018This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria ( Streptococcus mutans , Lactobacillus casei , Streptococcus salivarius and Actinomyces viscosus ) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of S. mutans , L. casei and A. viscosus in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. S. salivarius was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts. This study compared the outcome of photosensitization on the viability of four different cariogens in planktonic form as well as biofilms in human dentine. Photodynamic therapy was carried out with a gallium aluminium arsenide laser (670 nm wavelength) using Toluidine blue O (TBO) as the photosensitizer. Cariogenic bacteria (, , and ) were exposed to TBO and then to the laser for 1 minute in planktonic suspension. Then, tooth slices previously incubated for 24 hours with broth cultures of broth culture of the four cariogenic organisms were exposed to antimicrobial photosensitization. The control samples consisted of planktonic and sessile cells that were exposed to TBO alone, laser alone and the bacterial cells that were not treated with TBO or laser. The results showed significant reductions in the viability of , and in both planktonic form (to 13%, 30%, and 55%, respectively) and sessile form hosted in dentinal tubules (to 19%, 13% and 52%, respectively), relative to the controls. was the least affected in planktonic (94% viability) and sessile form (86% viability). In conclusion, sensitivity to photosensitization is species-dependent and sessile biofilm cells are affected to the same extent as their planktonic counterparts.
Topics: Adult; Biofilms; Dental Caries; Humans; Lacticaseibacillus casei; Microbial Viability; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Streptococcus mutans; Streptococcus salivarius; Tolonium Chloride; Tooth; Young Adult
PubMed: 30550231
DOI: 10.21307/pjm-2018-053 -
Infection and Immunity Apr 1985Actinomyces bacteriophages were used as tools to study coaggregation between actinomyces and streptococci. Four bacteriophage isolates, phages AV-1, AV-2, AV-3, and...
Actinomyces bacteriophages were used as tools to study coaggregation between actinomyces and streptococci. Four bacteriophage isolates, phages AV-1, AV-2, AV-3, and 1281, bound to coaggregation group A Actinomyces viscosus and to group E A. naeslundii. No binding to groups B, C, D, or F was observed. Only A. viscosus MG-1 was capable of supporting a productive infection by these phages. Spontaneously occurring bacteriophage-resistant mutants of A. viscosus MG-1 were isolated and were shown to fall into two classes. Class I mutants were resistant to all four phages, whereas class II mutants were resistant only to phage AV-3. In each case, strains resistant to a particular phage were unable to bind that phage, suggesting that a loss or alteration of the cell surface phage receptor had occurred. Both classes of mutants were unable to coaggregate with streptococci representing coaggregation group 1 and had also lost the ability to mediate one type of coaggregation with group 4 streptococci. Class II mutants also were unable to coaggregate with group 2 streptococci. Lactose-inhibitable interactions with other streptococci (groups 3 and 4) were unchanged in the mutants. The simultaneous loss of sensitivity to phage AV-3 and the ability to coaggregate with coaggregation group 1 streptococci suggests the possibility of a relationship between these two cell surface structures.
Topics: Actinomyces; Bacteriophages; Carbon Radioisotopes; Mutation; Receptors, Virus
PubMed: 3980085
DOI: 10.1128/iai.48.1.228-233.1985 -
International Journal of Biological... Mar 2007Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), responsible for the sulfation of a variety of secretory and membrane proteins, has been identified and characterized in...
Tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase (TPST), responsible for the sulfation of a variety of secretory and membrane proteins, has been identified and characterized in submandibular salivary glands (William et al. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997; 338: 90-96). In the present study we demonstrate the sulfation of a salivary secretory protein, statherin, by the tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase present in human saliva. Optimum statherin sulfation was observed at pH 6.5 and at 20 mm MnCl(2). Increase in the level of total sulfation was observed with increasing statherin concentration. The K(m)value of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase for statherin was 40 microM. Analysis of the sulfated statherin product on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by autoradiography revealed (35)S-labelling of a 5 kDa statherin. Further analysis of the sulfated statherin revealed the sulfation on tyrosyl residue. This study is the first report demonstrating tyrosine sulfation of a salivary secretory protein. The implications of this sulfation of statherin in hydroxyapatite binding and Actinomyces viscosus interactions are discussed.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Adult; Bacterial Adhesion; Chlorides; Durapatite; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Male; Manganese Compounds; Protein Binding; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Saliva; Salivary Proteins and Peptides; Sulfotransferases; Tyrosine
PubMed: 17389930
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3.237 -
Infection and Immunity Sep 1982Spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (COG-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these...
Spontaneously occurring coaggregation-defective (COG-) mutants of oral actinomycetes and streptococci were isolated and used to study interactions between cells of these two kinds of bacteria. COG- mutants of each kind of bacteria were isolated by a simple enrichment scheme. Parent strains were mixed with a coaggregating partner strain, coaggregated cells were removed by low-speed centrifugation, and non-coaggregated cells were recycled by the addition of more partner strain cells. COG- mutants constituted up to 10% of the parent strain cell type in the final enriched cell suspension. Unlike their respective parent strains, COG- mutants of Actinomyces viscosus T14V and Actinomyces naeslundii ATCC 12104, and A. naeslundii I exhibited no lactose-reversible coaggregation with certain oral Streptococcus sanguis strains. However, these COG- mutants were not altered in their coaggregations with another S. sanguis strain, H1, a member of a streptococcal coaggregation group that exhibits only lactose-nonreversible coaggregations with oral actinomycetes. Although all coaggregations between S. sanguis H1 and these actinomycetes appear to be alike, examination of a COG- mutant of S. sanguis H1 revealed that, like its parent, it coaggregated with A. viscosus T14V and its COG- mutants, but unlike its parent, it did not coaggregate with the two A. naeslundii strains or their COG- mutants. Thus, it was concluded that at least two types of surface components are important in mediating coaggregation between S. sanguis H1 and actinomycetes. The COG- mutant of S. sanguis allowed detection of these components, which were indistinguishable in previous studies.
Topics: Actinomyces; Hot Temperature; Lactose; Lectins; Mutation; Streptococcus sanguis; Surface Properties
PubMed: 7129635
DOI: 10.1128/iai.37.3.1200-1208.1982 -
Journal of Bacteriology Apr 1987The type 1 fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus mediate the adherence of this organism to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. The gene encoding a putative subunit of this...
The type 1 fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus mediate the adherence of this organism to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. The gene encoding a putative subunit of this fimbrial adhesin was cloned in Escherichia coli, and its product was examined. A. viscosus T14V chromosomal DNA was partially restricted with Sau3AI and cloned into E. coli JM109 by using the plasmid vector pUC13. Two clones, each containing a different DNA insert with a common 4.1-kilobase region, reacted in colony immunoassays with specific polyclonal as well as monoclonal antibodies directed against A. viscosus T14V type 1 fimbriae. Western blot analysis revealed the expression of a 65-kilodalton protein that migrated slightly behind an antigenically similar protein from native type 1 fimbriae. Deletion analysis showed that the gene encoding the cloned protein was localized on a 1.9-kilobase PstI-BamHI fragment and that transcription was dependent on the lac promoter of the vector. The cloned fimbrial protein was purified from the E. coli cytoplasmic fraction by ion-exchange, immunoaffinity, and gel permeation chromatography. Rabbit antibodies prepared against the cloned protein and against purified A. viscosus type 1 fimbriae gave similar patterns with partially dissociated type 1 fimbriae after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. The data therefore provide evidence that the gene cloned encodes a subunit of this fimbrial adhesin.
Topics: Actinomyces; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Hot Temperature
PubMed: 2881922
DOI: 10.1128/jb.169.4.1678-1683.1987 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Feb 1982A selective medium (CFAT) was developed for the detection and enumeration of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque. Neutral acriflavin and...
A selective medium (CFAT) was developed for the detection and enumeration of Actinomyces viscosus and Actinomyces naeslundii in dental plaque. Neutral acriflavin and potassium tellurite were used in combination with the known selective agents cadmium and fluoride to eliminate most of the competing plaque flora. Composition of CFAT per liter was as follows: Trypticase soy broth (BBL Microbiology Systems), 30 g; glucose, 5 g; agar, 15 g' cadmium sulfate, 13 mg; sodium fluoride, 85 mg; neutral acriflavin, 1.20 mg; potassium tellurite, 2.50 mg; basic fuchsin, 1.25 mg; defibrinated sheep blood, 50 ml. A. viscosus reference strains of human origin grew on CFAT without reduction in numbers under an atmosphere of 90% air-10% CO2. Animal strains of A. viscosus were inhibited at the level of cadmium in CFAT. Two of six A. naeslundii strains did not grow on CFAT. Improved recovery of A. viscosus and A. naeslundii from dental plaque occurred on CFAT, as compared with two other selective media which contained either cadmium sulfate or sodium fluoride, respectively, as selective agents. CFAT was more selective with regard to much of the extraneous gram-positive flora. Bacterionemia, Neisseria, yeasts, and streptococci were virtually eliminated.
Topics: Actinomyces; Culture Media; Dental Plaque; Humans
PubMed: 7068820
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.15.2.253-259.1982 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage....
Screening, molecular identification, population diversity, and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of Actinomycetes species isolated from meat and meat products of slaughterhouses, restaurants, and meat stores of a developing country, Iran.
INTRODUCTION
Actinomycetes can colonize surfaces of tools and equipment and can be transferred to meat and meat products during manufacture, processing, handling, and storage. Moreover, washing the meat does not eliminate the microorganisms; it only spreads them. As a result, these opportunistic pathogens can enter the human body and cause various infections. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to screen, identify, and determine the antibiotic susceptibility of Actinomycetes species from meat and meat products in the Markazi province of Iran.
METHODS
A total of 60 meat and meat product samples, including minced meat, mutton, beef, chicken, hamburgers, and sausages, were collected from slaughterhouses, butchers, and restaurants in the Markazi province of Iran. The samples were analyzed using standard microbiological protocols for the isolation and characterization of Actinomycetes. PCR amplification of hsp65 and 16SrRNA genes and sequence analysis of 16SrRNA were used for genus and species identification. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents were determined by the broth microdilution method and interpreted according to the CLSI guidelines.
RESULTS
A total of 21 (35%) Actinomycetes isolates from 5 genera and 12 species were isolated from 60 samples. The most prevalent Actinomycetes were from the genus , with six (28.6%) isolates (, , , and ), followed by the genus with five (23.8%) isolates ( and ), the genus Actinomyces with four (19.1%) isolates (), the genus with four (19.1%) isolates (, , and ), and the genus with two (9.5%) isolates (). Chicken and sausage samples had the highest and lowest levels of contamination, with six and one isolates. Respectively, the results of drug susceptibility testing (DST) showed that all isolates were susceptible to Ofloxacin, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, and Levofloxacin, whereas all of them were resistant to Doxycycline and Rifampicin.
DISCUSSION
The findings suggest that meat and meat products play an important role as a reservoir for the transmission of Actinomycetes to humans, thus causing life-threatening foodborne diseases such as gastrointestinal and cutaneous disorders. Therefore, it is essential to incorporate basic hygiene measures into the cycle of meat production to ensure food safety.
PubMed: 37520382
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1134368 -
Journal of Applied Microbiology May 2019The purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical analysis of sea buckthorn pulp oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities of...
AIM
The purpose of this study was to conduct phytochemical analysis of sea buckthorn pulp oil and to evaluate the antimicrobial, anti-biofilm and antioxidant activities of its mouthwash form.
METHODS AND RESULTS
Fatty acid composition of the sea buckthorn pulp oil was determined by GC-MS analysis, which revealed that, mono-unsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid and saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, were the major constituents. The antimicrobial and the anti-biofilm capacities of sea buckthorn pulp oil mouthwash form were evaluated against Streptococcus gordonii, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Candida albicans, according to the European Norms, and the Biofilm Ring Test , respectively. These activities were then compared with those of chlorhexidine and herbal mouthwashes. The sea buckthorn-based mouthwash was bactericidal against S. gordonii and P. gingivalis, bacteriostatic against A. viscosus and showed no antifungal effect. Regardless of the strains used, complete inhibition of biofilm formation was achieved. The antioxidant activity of this experimental mouthwash was also assessed by DPPH and NBT assays.
CONCLUSION
Sea buckthorn mouthwash showed anti-biofilm activities against select single and multiple oral bacterial species.
SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY
In this study, a mouthwash derived from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) pulp oil has been experimented, for the first time, in order to overcome the problem of a large number of available synthetic mouthwashes which have side effects on teeth, gums and mucous membranes. This mouthwash seemed to be a suitable alternative for a preventive agent for periodontal inflammation.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Hippophae; Humans; Microbial Viability; Mouth; Mouthwashes; Plant Extracts
PubMed: 30674068
DOI: 10.1111/jam.14210 -
Journal of Indian Society of... 2022, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant...
CONTEXT
, commonly known as frangipani or West Indian jasmine, is a traditional and ancient folklore medicine known for its antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. The extracts from obtained from the leaves, bark, and flowers, are commonly used to manage bacterial, fungal, and viral infections such as herpes, scabies, and fungal infections. The constituents of the plant have shown promising antihelmintic, antipyretic, and antirheumatic properties. Although studies have confirmed that extracts from species are effective against microbial infections and cancer, its role in managing oral diseases, particularly the chronic inflammatory disease of the gums (gingivitis and periodontitis), has never been explored. Therefore, the current study aimed to explore the antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of the flower extract against oral and periodontal pathogens compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
This was an study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The ethanolic extract was prepared from the freshly plucked flowers. The antimicrobial properties of the extract were evaluated by testing the minimal inhibitory concentration, minimal bactericidal concentration, and well-diffusion assay against , and . The results were compared to chlorhexidine and doxycycline. The cytotoxicity was checked by the against human-derived gingival fibroblast and keratinocytes.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
One-way ANOVA for the mean zones of inhibition against all the microorganisms was done.
RESULTS
extract inhibited the growth for all the tested oral and periodontal pathogens at 25 μg/ml. The well-diffusion assay of extract was comparable to chlorhexidine but was not statistically significant compared to doxycycline.
CONCLUSION
can be used as a promising alternative to chlorhexidine for the management of oral and periodontal infections.
PubMed: 35959306
DOI: 10.4103/jisp.jisp_329_21 -
Newsletter (International Academy of... Mar 1992The effect of two diets, with and without the antibiotic spiramycin, on -induced experimental periodontitis was studied in albino hamsters. Severe periodontitis and root...
The effect of two diets, with and without the antibiotic spiramycin, on -induced experimental periodontitis was studied in albino hamsters. Severe periodontitis and root caries developed in -infected hamsters fed a high sucrose diet. Hamsters heavily infected with but fed a finely powdered laboratory chow comprised of whole grains and oats formed discrete marginal plaques, but did not develop periodontitis. was not recovered from the plaque microflora of animals receiving spiramycin, and periodontal pathosis did not occur. These findings suggest that dietobacterial interactions and spiramycin may influence initiation of -associated periodontitis in albino hamsters.
PubMed: 26339146
DOI: No ID Found