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Biomedicines Jun 2020Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many...
BACKGROUND
Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents.
METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against and Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25-50 μg/mL against (CCARM 5511) 6.25-25 μg/mL against (KACC11954) and (CCARM 3506), 1.56-25 μg/mL against (KACC 13234), 3.125-100 μg/mL against (KACC16833), 1.56-100 μg/mL against (KCTC5809) and (KCTC 5352), 3.125-50 μg/mL against (KCTC 9146) and 3.125-12.5 μg/mL against (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against . Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.
PubMed: 32549271
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060160 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 1982Glucose uptake was examined by using whole-cell suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (strains BHT, Ingbritt, and GS-5), Streptococcus mitis (strains 9811 and 72x41), and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Glucose uptake was examined by using whole-cell suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (strains BHT, Ingbritt, and GS-5), Streptococcus mitis (strains 9811 and 72x41), and Actinomyces viscosus (strains T6 and WVU626) incubated for up to 90 min in 0 to 82% (vol/vol) human whole salivary supernatant. Glucose uptake by the S. mutans strains was completely inhibited at all saliva concentrations. Dithiothreitol (DTT), present during saliva incubation, prevented saliva inhibition. Glucose uptake was also restored when saliva-inhibited cells were subsequently exposed to DTT. The inclusion of catalase in the saliva incubation mixtures resulted in protection equal to that obtained with DTT. The S. mitis strains were also inhibited by saliva but to a far lesser extent that S. mutans. DTT and catalase also protected S. mitis from saliva inhibition. Both A. viscosus strains were completely refractory to saliva inhibition of glucose uptake. Based on (i) the sensitivity of the catalase-negative streptococci and the resistance of catalase-positive actinomyces to saliva inhibition and (ii) the equal and complete protection to saliva inhibition afforded by DTT and catalase, we conclude that the lactoperoxidase-SCN(-)-H(2)O(2) system in saliva was the only antibacterial system expressed under our experimental conditions. The relative resistance of S. mitis 9811 (compared with S. mutans BHT) to saliva inhibition was shown not to result from poor H(2)O(2) production in either glucose-supplemented buffer or saliva solutions. S. mitis produced inhibitory quantities of H(2)O(2) that equaled or exceeded S. mutans H(2)O(2) accumulation. It is suggested that S. mitis might possess a greater ability to repair lactoperoxidase-mediated damage than does S. mutans. Every organism studied exhibited a saliva concentration-dependent, cell growth-independent stimulation of glucose uptake after 60 to 90 min of incubation. The A. viscosus and S. mitis strains showed saliva stimulation (or stabilization) of glucose uptake with unsupplemented saliva. In the case of S. mutans, saliva stimulation was only observed when DTT was present. The possible role of salivary lactoperoxidase as a modulator of the intraoral site specificities exhibited by S. mutans is discussed.
Topics: Actinomyces; Biological Transport; Catalase; Dithiothreitol; Glucose; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Kinetics; Saliva; Streptococcus; Streptococcus mutans
PubMed: 7152663
DOI: 10.1128/iai.38.3.1060-1067.1982 -
Infection and Immunity Dec 1978The morphology and serology of Actinomyces viscosus T14V and T14AV were compared. When grown in supplemented tryptic soy broth, the virulent strain (T14V) possessed an... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The morphology and serology of Actinomyces viscosus T14V and T14AV were compared. When grown in supplemented tryptic soy broth, the virulent strain (T14V) possessed an extensive network of cell surface fibrils. In this medium, the avirulent strain (T14AV) possessed a microcapsule, absent on strain T14V, and a comparatively small number of surface fibrils. Mild acid extraction (Lancefield procedure) solubilized common antigenic components on both strains as well as components detectable only in the virulent strain T14V (virulence-associated antigens 1 and 2). When grown in Socransky chemically defined medium or Carlsson complex medium, the avirulent strain possessed increased amounts of surface fibrils and virulence-associated antigens. Whole cells and extracts of avirulent cells grown in Socransky medium absorbed antibodies to virulence-associated antigens with approximately the same efficiency as did whole cells and extracts of strain T14V, suggesting antigenic similarity between the two cell types. The results strongly support the hypothesis that observable differences between A. viscosus strains T14V and T14AV represent quantitative, rather than qualitative, differences in particular cell surface components. In addition, the magnitude of these differences can be modified by changing growth conditions.
Topics: Actinomyces; Antigens, Bacterial; Cell Membrane; Culture Media; Species Specificity
PubMed: 730385
DOI: 10.1128/iai.22.3.934-944.1978 -
Microbiology and Immunology 1985A cell-free extract of Actinomyces viscosus T14Av catalyzed the synthesis of extracellular N-acetylglucosamine-rich slime polysaccharide. The activity was localized in...
A cell-free extract of Actinomyces viscosus T14Av catalyzed the synthesis of extracellular N-acetylglucosamine-rich slime polysaccharide. The activity was localized in the cytoplasmic membrane fraction and required the presence of ADP-glucose and UDP-N-acetylglucosamine. Maximal activity was demonstrated at pH 7.5 and also required the presence of divalent cations such as Mg2+ or Mn2+. Extracellular slime appeared to serve as a primer for slime biosynthesis. The antibiotic tunicamycin acted as an inhibitor of slime formation. However, another glucosamine analogue, amphomycin, as well as the antibiotic bacitracin produced moderate stimulatory effects on slime biosynthesis.
Topics: Actinomyces; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Magnesium; Polysaccharides, Bacterial; Uridine Diphosphate N-Acetylglucosamine
PubMed: 4046889
DOI: 10.1111/j.1348-0421.1985.tb00850.x -
Journal of Indian Prosthodontic Society 2023The aim was to compare the efficacy of various herbal disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions and to investigate the effectiveness of three herbal...
AIM
The aim was to compare the efficacy of various herbal disinfectants on irreversible hydrocolloid impressions and to investigate the effectiveness of three herbal disinfectants and a chemical disinfectant against particular pathogens.
SETTINGS AND DESIGN
In vitro -a comparative study.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following methodology was followed to achieve the objectives. Four maxillary impressions were made for each selected patient with irreversible hydrocolloid impression material. The predisinfection swabs were taken from impression sites of teeth 17, 13, 27, and 23 (FDI system of tooth numbering). The impressions were immersed in all four different disinfectants such as 2% glutaraldehyde, Aloe vera solution, 50% neem oil, and apple vinegar solution, then the postdisinfection swabs were taken from the same sites 17,13,27,23 and then cultured onto sheep blood agar and examined for growth, and colony forming units (CFUs) of Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Actinomyces viscosus. The comparative analysis was done for the predisinfection and postdisinfection values in each study group.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED
Descriptive analysis, Kruskal Wallis test, Mann Whitney post hoc test, Wilcoxon signed rank test.
RESULTS
The results revealed that the mean CFUs of S. viridans, S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A. viscosus during postdisinfection samples were statistically significant when compared to predisinfection samples. Multiple comparison of the mean CFUs of all 4 microorganisms in the control group and in 50% Neem oil group was significantly lesser compared to A. vera and Apple Vinegar group.
CONCLUSION
CFUs of S. viridans, S. mutans, S. sanguis, and A. viscosus significantly decreased in the 50% neem oil group as well as the control group. As a result, 50% Neem oil was a viable option for disinfecting alginate impressions.
Topics: Humans; Disinfectants; Acetic Acid; Anti-Infective Agents; Colloids
PubMed: 37929369
DOI: 10.4103/jips.jips_364_22 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime...
OBJECTIVES
Dental caries is a dynamic and composite process. The multifactorial etio-pathogenesis thus influences the initiation and the progression of the disease. The prime pathogenic bacterium includes sp . The purpose of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial property of the test herbal extracts and also their effects on the human oral keratinocytes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The bacterial strains (American Type Culture Collection [ATCC]-25175); (ATCC 4356) and (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.-25175); Lactobacillus species (ATCC 4356) and A. viscosus (ATCC 15987) were cultured in the specific culture media-Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin, Man Rogosa Sharpe and Enrichment media, respectively. The test extracts were exposed to the cultured plates and the mean zone of inhibition was measured. The test herbal extracts were also tested for deleterious effects on oral keratinocytes via the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Independent Student's -test and analysis of variances were performed.
RESULTS
The extracts of , and linn inhibited the growth of bacteria and the antimicrobial effect was found to be statistically significant at the neat/standard concentration (100 μg/ml). The three extracts showed a cell viability range 96%-99% indicating that the test extracts did not produce or display any deleterious effects on the oral keratinocytes.
CONCLUSIONS
The three test herbal extracts possess effective anti-cariogenic properties with near par with the efficacy of chlorhexidine and proved to be the most potent. The extracts at different concentrations also proved to be safe, noncytotoxic producing a range of 96%-99% of cell viability of the oral keratinocytes.
PubMed: 37234333
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_151_21 -
Cellular Microbiology Aug 2021Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We...
Porphyromonas gulae, an animal-derived periodontal pathogen, expresses several virulence factors, including fimbria, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and proteases. We previously reported that its invasive efficiency was dependent on fimbriae types. In addition, P. gulae LPS increased inflammatory responses via toll-like receptors. The present study was conducted to investigate the involvement of P. gulae proteases in bacterial and host cell biology. Porphyromonas gulae strains showed an ability to agglutinate mouse erythrocytes and also demonstrated co-aggregation with Actinomyces viscosus, while the protease inhibitors antipain, PMSF, TLCK and leupeptin diminished P. gulae proteolytic activity, resulting in inhibition of haemagglutination and co-aggregation with A. viscosus. In addition, specific proteinase inhibitors were found to reduce bacterial cell growth. Porphyromonas gulae inhibited Ca9-22 cell proliferation in a multiplicity of infection- and time-dependent manner. Additionally, P. gulae-induced decreases in cell contact and adhesion-related proteins were accompanied by a marked change in cell morphology from well spread to rounded. In contrast, inhibition of protease activity prevented degradation of proteins, such as E-cadherin, β-catenin and focal adhesion kinase, and also blocked inhibition of cell proliferation. Together, these results indicate suppression of the amount of human proteins, such as γ-globulin, fibrinogen and fibronectin, by P. gulae proteases, suggesting that a novel protease complex contributes to bacterial virulence.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroidaceae Infections; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Mice; Peptide Hydrolases; Porphyromonas; Porphyromonas gingivalis
PubMed: 33486854
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13312 -
BMC Research Notes Oct 2011Boswellic acids mixture of triterpenic acids obtained from the oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata and known for its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic...
BACKGROUND
Boswellic acids mixture of triterpenic acids obtained from the oleo gum resin of Boswellia serrata and known for its effectiveness in the treatment of chronic inflammatory disease including peritumor edema. Boswellic acids have been extensively studied for a number of activities including anti inflammatory, antitumor, immunomodulatory, and inflammatory bowel diseases. The present study describes the antimicrobial activities of boswellic acid molecules against oral cavity pathogens. Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA), which exhibited the most potent antibacterial activity, was further evaluated in time kill studies, mutation prevention frequency, postantibiotic effect (PAE) and biofilm susceptibility assay against oral cavity pathogens.
FINDINGS
AKBA exhibited an inhibitory effect on all the oral cavity pathogens tested (MIC of 2-4 μg/ml). It exhibited concentration dependent killing of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 up to 8 × MIC and also prevented the emergence of mutants of S.mutans ATCC 25175 at 8× MIC. AKBA demonstrated postantibiotic effect (PAE) of 5.7 ± 0.1 h at 2 × MIC. Furthermore, AKBA inhibited the formation of biofilms generated by S.mutans and Actinomyces viscosus and also reduced the preformed biofilms by these bacteria.
CONCLUSIONS
AKBA can be useful compound for the development of antibacterial agent against oral pathogens and it has great potential for use in mouthwash for preventing and treating oral infections.
PubMed: 21992439
DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-4-406 -
Infection and Immunity Mar 1992Recent studies have provided evidence for human salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) serving as potential receptors in the acquired pellicle for Actinomyces viscosus...
Recent studies have provided evidence for human salivary proline-rich proteins (PRPs) serving as potential receptors in the acquired pellicle for Actinomyces viscosus type 1 fimbriae. We report here the isolation of mutants derived from A. viscosus T14V-J1 which are defective in binding to PRPs partially purified from parotid gland saliva. Mutagenesis with ethyl methanesulfonate preceded enrichment for cells nonreactive with PRPs by successive adsorptions with PRP-treated latex beads. Screening was accomplished by random selection of 250 isolated colonies from each of four enrichment cycles and reaction with PRP-treated latex beads in microtiter plates. Two mutants of independent origin were examined for adherence to hydroxyapatite treated with either PRPs, proline-rich glycoproteins, deglycosylated proline-rich glycoproteins, or whole saliva. Additional surface properties that were examined included agglutination with polyclonal antisera to type 1 and type 2 fimbriae, agglutination by a monoclonal antibody to type 1 fimbriae that inhibits adherence of the parent strain to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite, the ability to bind monoclonal antibody to the type 1 fimbrial subunit, and lactose-reversible coaggregation with Streptococcus sanguis 34. Both mutants exhibited reduced binding to hydroxyapatite treated with whole saliva or salivary protein preparations but were still capable of reaction with antiserum to type 1 and type 2 fimbriae. In addition, these mutants possessed the ability to bind monoclonal antibody to the type 1 fimbrial subunit in amounts comparable to the amount bound by the parent strain but were not agglutinated by the adherence-inhibiting monoclonal antibody. When considered with previously published data, these results suggest that an adhesive molecule is probably associated with type 1 fimbriae and allows for the interaction of A. viscosus with constituents in the salivary pellicle.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Adsorption; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Bacterial Adhesion; Dental Pellicle; Fimbriae, Bacterial; Humans; Mutation; Peptides; Proline-Rich Protein Domains; Salivary Proteins and Peptides
PubMed: 1347286
DOI: 10.1128/iai.60.3.1095-1100.1992 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Jun 2014This research aimed to study the inhibitory effect of xylitol on the growth and acid production of Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus).
OBJECTIVE
This research aimed to study the inhibitory effect of xylitol on the growth and acid production of Actinomyces viscosus (A. viscosus).
METHODS
We cultivated A. viscosus in anaerobic conditions with different concentrations (128, 64, 32, 16, 8, and 4 g x L(-1)) of xylitol brain heart infusion liquid medium and determined the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Subsequently, we measured the pH value of the control group, as well as those of 1/2, 1/4, 1/8 MIC, and MIC concentration groups at 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The Delta pH and OD550 at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 h were calculated. We discovered that the minimum xylitol concentrations suppressed 50% and 90% A. viscosus biofilm formation (i.e., MBIC50 and MBIC90). SPSS 19.0 was used to analyze the collected data, and conclusions were drawn afterward.
RESULTS
Xylitol inhibited the growth ofA. viscosus at MIC of 64 g x L(-1). After 12 h, the differences of pH value among groups were all statistically significant (P < 0.05), and Delta pH increased when the MIC concentration decreased. Except for the 1/2 MIC and MIC groups, the differences of OD550 among groups had no statistical significance (P>0.05), and OD550 also increased when the MIC concentration decreased. These results imply that the ability ofA. viscosus to grow and produce acid in 1/2 MIC and MIC conditions will be reduced with the increase in xylitol concentration. The value of MIBC50 was 64 g x L(-1), whereas the value of MIBC90 was 128 g x L(-1). This finding indicates that the xylitol medium can restrict A. viscosus biofilm formation.
CONCLUSION
Xylitolcan effectively inhibit the growth, adhesion, and acid production ofA. viscosus, protecting teeth from cariogenic bacteria and preventing caries to a certain extent.
Topics: Actinomyces viscosus; Bacteria; Dental Caries; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Xylitol
PubMed: 25033632
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2014.03.002