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PloS One 2016Household air pollution from solid fuel burning kills over 4 million people every year including half a million children from acute lower respiratory infections.... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Household air pollution from solid fuel burning kills over 4 million people every year including half a million children from acute lower respiratory infections. Although biologically plausible, it is not clear whether household air pollution is also associated with acute lower respiratory infections in adults. We systematically reviewed the literature on household air pollution and acute lower respiratory infection in adults to identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities.
METHODS
Ten bibliographic databases were searched to identify studies of household air pollution and adult acute lower respiratory infection. Data were extracted from eligible studies using standardised forms.
RESULTS
From 4617 titles, 513 abstracts and 72 full-text articles were reviewed. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria of which 2 found a significant adjusted increased risk of acute lower respiratory infection, 2 identified a univariate association whilst 4 found no significant association. Study quality was generally limited. Heterogeneity in methods and findings precluded meta-analysis.
DISCUSSION
A systematic review of the literature found limited evidence for an association between household air pollution and risk of acute lower respiratory infection in adults. Additional research, with carefully defined exposure and outcome measures, is required to complete the risk profile caused by household air pollution in adults.
REGISTRATION NUMBER
CRD42015028042.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child; Environmental Exposure; Family Characteristics; Humans; Male; Respiratory Tract Infections
PubMed: 27907205
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167656 -
PloS One 2014Trends in the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa have not been well described, despite growing recognition of the increasing burden of... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Trends in the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa have not been well described, despite growing recognition of the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease in low- and middle-income countries. The aim of this systematic review was to describe the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa.
METHODS
We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Global Health Archive, CINAHL, and Web of Science, and conducted reference and citation analyses. Inclusion criteria were: observational studies, studies that reported incidence or prevalence of acute myocardial infarction, studies conducted in sub-Saharan Africa, and studies that defined acute myocardial infarction by EKG changes or elevation of cardiac biomarkers. Studies conducted prior to 1992 were excluded. Two independent reviewers analyzed titles and abstracts, full-texts, and references and citations. These reviewers also performed quality assessment and data extraction. Quality assessment was conducted with a validated scale for observational studies.
FINDINGS
Of 2292 records retrieved, seven studies met all inclusion criteria. These studies included a total of 92,378 participants from highly heterogeneous study populations in five different countries. Methodological quality assessment demonstrated scores ranging from 3 to 7 points (on an 8-point scale). Prevalence of acute myocardial infarction ranged from 0.1 to 10.4% among the included studies.
INTERPRETATION
There is insufficient population-based data describing the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa. Well-designed registries and surveillance studies that capture the broad and diverse population with acute myocardial infarction in sub-Saharan Africa using common diagnostic criteria are critical in order to guide prevention and treatment strategies.
REGISTRATION
Registered in International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) Database #CRD42012003161.
Topics: Acute Disease; Africa South of the Sahara; Databases, Factual; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Prevalence
PubMed: 24816222
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096688 -
General Hospital Psychiatry 2019Hospitalization places patients at elevated risk for the development of "nosocomial" or hospital acquired complications, ranging from multidrug resistant infections to... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
Hospitalization places patients at elevated risk for the development of "nosocomial" or hospital acquired complications, ranging from multidrug resistant infections to delirium and physical deconditioning. Adverse nosocomial psychological effects of hospitalization may also exist. This paper introduces a nosocomial based stress model, conceptualizing hospitalization as a unique period of biopsychosocial vulnerability, due to physiologic effects of acute illness and psychosocial variables of the hospital experience.
METHOD
A research synthesis and narrative review was performed to evaluate evidence supporting this model, integrating existing knowledge of the psychological and physiological effects of acute life threatening events, with known sequelae associated with hospitalization.
RESULT
Psychosocial factors during hospitalization may act as independent predictors of recovery following hospitalization, moderating variables impacting ongoing physiologic changes due to acute illness, and/or dynamic bidirectional elements, influencing medical and psychological outcomes in the near and long-term setting.
CONCLUSION
The Nosocomial Stress model provides a novel framework to understanding the biopsychosocial interactions between the psychological and physiologic processes associated with illness and hospitalization. Based on this model, a research agenda is proposed to assess the contributions of acute illness, the hospital experience, and their interactions on the recovery of patients following hospitalization.
Topics: Acute Disease; Cross Infection; Hospitalization; Humans; Models, Biological; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 31376645
DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2019.07.014 -
Annals of the American Thoracic Society Jun 2021
Topics: Acute Disease; COVID-19; Humans; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34076561
DOI: 10.1513/AnnalsATS.202103-255ED -
International Journal of Molecular... Aug 2021The current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has strongly revived the pressing need to incorporate new therapeutic alternatives to deal with medical situations...
The current coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic has strongly revived the pressing need to incorporate new therapeutic alternatives to deal with medical situations that result in a dramatic breakdown in the body's normal homeostasis [...].
Topics: Acute Disease; COVID-19; Clinical Trials as Topic; Emergency Service, Hospital; Emergency Treatment; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cell Transplantation; Regenerative Medicine; Survival Rate; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 34445102
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168395 -
Experimental Neurology Feb 2021Personalized medicine is among the most exciting innovations in recent clinical research, offering the opportunity for tailored screening and management at the... (Review)
Review
Personalized medicine is among the most exciting innovations in recent clinical research, offering the opportunity for tailored screening and management at the individual level. Biomarker-enriched clinical trials have shown increased efficiency and informativeness in cancer research due to the selective exclusion of patients unlikely to benefit. In acute stress situations, clinically significant decisions are often made in time-sensitive manners and providers may be pressed to make decisions based on abbreviated clinical assessments. Up to 30% of trauma survivors admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) will develop long-lasting posttraumatic stress psychopathologies. The long-term impact of those survivors with posttraumatic stress sequelae are significant, impacting both long-term psychological and physiological recovery. An accurate prognostic model of who will develop posttraumatic stress symptoms does not exist yet. Additionally, no scalable and cost-effective method that can be easily integrated into routine care exists, even though especially the acute care setting provides a critical window of opportunity for prevention in the so-called golden hours when preventive measures are most effective. In this review, we aim to discuss emerging machine learning (ML) applications that are promising for precisely risk stratification and targeted treatments in the acute care setting. The aim of this narrative review is to present examples of digital health innovations and to discuss the potential of these new approaches for treatment selection and prevention of posttraumatic sequelae in the acute care setting. The application of artificial intelligence-based solutions have already had great success in other areas and are rapidly approaching the field of psychological care as well. New ways of algorithm-based risk predicting, and the use of digital phenotypes provide a high potential for predicting future risk of PTSD in acute care settings and to go new steps in precision psychiatry.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biomarkers; Humans; Machine Learning; Precision Medicine; Prognosis; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 33157093
DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2020.113526 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Feb 2021
Topics: Acute Disease; Acute Kidney Injury; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Disease Progression; Humans
PubMed: 31959444
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2019.11.013 -
BMC Health Services Research Oct 2019Because there is heterogeneity in disease types, competition among hospitals could be influenced in various ways by service provision for diseases with different...
BACKGROUND
Because there is heterogeneity in disease types, competition among hospitals could be influenced in various ways by service provision for diseases with different characteristics. Limited studies have focused on this matter. This study aims to evaluate and compare the relationships between hospital competition and the expenses of prostatectomies (elective surgery, representing treatments of non-acute common diseases) and appendectomies (emergency surgery, representing treatments of acute common diseases).
METHODS
Multivariable log-linear models were constructed to determine the association between hospital competition and the expenses of prostatectomies and appendectomies. The fixed-radius Herfindahl-Hirschman Index was employed to measure hospital competition.
RESULTS
We collected data on 13,958 inpatients from the hospital discharge data of Sichuan Province in China from September to December 2016. The data included 3578 prostatectomy patients and 10,380 appendectomy patients. The results showed that greater competition was associated with a lower total hospital charge for prostatectomy (p = 0.006) but a higher charge for appendectomy (p < 0.001). The subcategory analysis showed that greater competition was consistently associated with lower out-of-pocket (OOP) and higher reimbursement for both surgeries.
CONCLUSIONS
Greater competition was significantly associated with lower total hospital charges for prostatectomies, while the opposite was true for appendectomies. Furthermore, greater competition was consistently associated with lower OOP but higher reimbursement for both surgeries. This study provides new evidence concerning the heterogeneous roles of competition in service provision for non-acute and acute common diseases. The findings of this study indicate that the pro-competition policy is a viable option for the Chinese government to relieve patients' financial burden (OOP). Our findings also provide references and insights for other countries facing similar challenges.
Topics: Acute Disease; Aged; China; Chronic Disease; Delivery of Health Care; Economic Competition; Female; Health Services Research; Hospital Charges; Hospitals; Humans; Male; Marketing of Health Services
PubMed: 31640684
DOI: 10.1186/s12913-019-4543-x -
Revista de Gastroenterologia de Mexico Aug 2012
Topics: Acute Disease; Humans; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 22939498
DOI: 10.1016/j.rgmx.2012.07.037 -
California Medicine Mar 1950Pain, and nausea and vomiting are the two cardinal symptoms of acute pancreatitis. There are variations in the combinations of symptoms that appear in patients who have...
Pain, and nausea and vomiting are the two cardinal symptoms of acute pancreatitis. There are variations in the combinations of symptoms that appear in patients who have acute pancreatitis, but in most cases the combination fits one or another of five classifications. Blood amylase and urinary diastase determinations are valuable aids in the diagnosis of acute pancreatitis. These findings must be correlated with the stage of the disease. As the disease may be treated successfully (by means outlined) without surgical intervention, clinical diagnosis is important. Cholecystograms after an attack of acute pancreatitis, although advisable, should not be made too soon after subsidence, because of the danger of exacerbation.
Topics: Acute Disease; Amylases; Female; Humans; Male; Pancreatitis
PubMed: 15405025
DOI: No ID Found