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Frontiers in Immunology 2023
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 37197661
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1200663 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has affected all countries worldwide. Although... (Review)
Review
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), has affected all countries worldwide. Although some symptoms are relatively mild, others are still associated with severe and even fatal clinical outcomes. Innate and adaptive immunity are important for the control of SARS-CoV-2 infections, whereas a comprehensive characterization of the innate and adaptive immune response to COVID-19 is still lacking and the mechanisms underlying immune pathogenesis and host predisposing factors are still a matter of scientific debate. Here, the specific functions and kinetics of innate and adaptive immunity involved in SARS-CoV-2 recognition and resultant pathogenesis are discussed, as well as their immune memory for vaccinations, viral-mediated immune evasion, and the current and future immunotherapeutic agents. We also highlight host factors that contribute to infection, which may deepen the understanding of viral pathogenesis and help identify targeted therapies that attenuate severe disease and infection.
Topics: Humans; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Immunity, Innate; Adaptive Immunity; Causality
PubMed: 37228604
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1159326 -
Cellular Microbiology Dec 2020Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide with over 8 million fatalities accounted for in 2016. Solicitation of host immune defenses by vaccination is... (Review)
Review
Infectious diseases are a leading cause of death worldwide with over 8 million fatalities accounted for in 2016. Solicitation of host immune defenses by vaccination is the treatment of choice to prevent these infections. It has long been thought that vaccine immunity was solely mediated by the adaptive immune system. However, over the past decade, numerous studies have shown that innate immune cells can also retain memory of these encounters. This process, called innate immune memory, is mediated by metabolic and epigenetic changes that make cells either hyperresponsive (trained immunity) or hyporesponsive (tolerance) to subsequent challenges. In this review, we discuss the concepts of trained immunity and tolerance in the context of host-pathogen interactions.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Epigenesis, Genetic; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Immunity, Innate; Immunologic Memory; Vaccines
PubMed: 32902895
DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13261 -
Genes & Development Apr 2016Generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen receptor specificities via DNA recombination underpins adaptive immunity. In this issue ofGenes&Development, Carmona and...
Generation of a diverse repertoire of antigen receptor specificities via DNA recombination underpins adaptive immunity. In this issue ofGenes&Development, Carmona and colleagues (pp. 909-917) provide novel insights into the origin and function of recombination-activating gene 1 (RAG1) and RAG2, the lymphocyte-specific components of the recombinase involved in the process.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; DNA-Binding Proteins; Homeodomain Proteins; Humans; VDJ Recombinases
PubMed: 27083993
DOI: 10.1101/gad.281014.116 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Dendritic cells (DCs) are acknowledged as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), able to induce adaptive immunity and support the innate immune...
Dendritic cells (DCs) are acknowledged as the most potent professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs), able to induce adaptive immunity and support the innate immune response [...].
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Adaptive Immunity; Immunity, Innate; Neoplasms
PubMed: 36835665
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044253 -
Mucosal Immunology Jun 2022Immunological memory of innate immune cells, also termed "trained immunity", allows for cross-protection against distinct pathogens, but may also drive chronic... (Review)
Review
Immunological memory of innate immune cells, also termed "trained immunity", allows for cross-protection against distinct pathogens, but may also drive chronic inflammation. Recent studies have shown that memory responses associated with type 2 immunity do not solely rely on adaptive immune cells, such as T- and B cells, but also involve the innate immune system and epithelial cells. Memory responses have been described for monocytes, macrophages and airway epithelial cells of asthmatic patients as well as for macrophages and group 2 innate lymphoid cells (ILC2) from allergen-sensitized or helminth-infected mice. The metabolic and epigenetic mechanisms that mediate allergen- or helminth-induced reprogramming of innate immune cells are only beginning to be uncovered. Trained immunity has been implicated in helminth-driven immune regulation and allergen-specific immunotherapy, suggesting its exploitation in future therapies. Here, we discuss recent advances and key remaining questions regarding the mechanisms and functions of trained type 2 immunity in infection and inflammation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Immunity, Innate; Lymphocytes; Immunologic Memory; Inflammation; Allergens; Adaptive Immunity
PubMed: 36065058
DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00557-0 -
Biomedical Journal Aug 2019
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Antigens; Humans; Immunity, Humoral; Immunity, Innate
PubMed: 31627862
DOI: 10.1016/j.bj.2019.08.003 -
RNA Biology May 2021The adaptive immune system is responsible for generating immunological response and immunological memory. Regulation of adaptive immunity including B cell and T cell... (Review)
Review
The adaptive immune system is responsible for generating immunological response and immunological memory. Regulation of adaptive immunity including B cell and T cell biology was mainly understood from the protein and microRNA perspective. However, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are an emerging class of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) that influence key factors in lymphocyte biology such as NOTCH, PAX5, MYC and EZH2. LncRNAs were described to modulate lymphocyte activation by regulating pathways such as NFAT, NFκB, MYC, interferon and TCR/BCR signalling (), and cell effector functions (). Here we review lncRNA involvement in adaptive immunity and the implications for autoimmune diseases (multiple sclerosis, inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis) and T/B cell leukaemias and lymphomas (CLL, MCL, DLBCL, T-ALL). It is becoming clear that lncRNAs are important in adaptive immune response and provide new insights into its orchestration.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Disease; Humans; Lymphocyte Activation; RNA, Long Noncoding; Signal Transduction; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 33094664
DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2020.1838783 -
The Journal of Investigative Dermatology Apr 2020Immune cells detect and destroy cancer cells; however, very early changes in cancer genome and phenotype coupled with immune system selection cause escape variant...
Immune cells detect and destroy cancer cells; however, very early changes in cancer genome and phenotype coupled with immune system selection cause escape variant survival in a process called cancer immunoediting. Although adaptive immunity is important for this process, the report by Kubick et al. provides novel insights into the role of innate immune cells for immunoediting of early transformed epithelial cells.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Humans; Intravital Microscopy; Neoplasms; Phenotype
PubMed: 32200878
DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.09.015 -
Clinical and Experimental Immunology Jul 2018Inspired by the advances presented at the Inflammation and Immune Resolution Plenary Session at the British Society for Immunology Congress, December 2017, in this issue...
Inspired by the advances presented at the Inflammation and Immune Resolution Plenary Session at the British Society for Immunology Congress, December 2017, in this issue of Clinical & Experimental Immunology we present a Review Series on Inflammation and Immune Resolution. Our selection ranges from an overview of current genetic understanding of the similarities and differences between immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs); discussion of several biological mechanisms underlying the aberrant activation of myeloid cells in RA, and how myeloid cell relevant anti-inflammatory mediators may contribute to immune resolution; presentation of fascinating evidence for the existence of innate immune memory in stromal cells and how this may exacerbate or restrain inflammatory disease; and a review of how the interleukin (IL)-6 family members IL-6 and IL-27 may drive or regulate inflammation. Inflammation and immune resolution are two sides of the same coin: the reviews presented in this series aim to equip readers with greater insight into the delicate balance between the two.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Humans; Immune System Diseases; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators
PubMed: 29987840
DOI: 10.1111/cei.13155