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Disease Markers 2018Urachal cancer (UrC) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Due to overlapping histomorphology, discrimination of urachal from primary bladder adenocarcinomas (PBAC) and... (Review)
Review
Urachal cancer (UrC) is a rare but aggressive cancer. Due to overlapping histomorphology, discrimination of urachal from primary bladder adenocarcinomas (PBAC) and adenocarcinomas secondarily involving the bladder (particularly colorectal adenocarcinomas, CRC) can be challenging. Therefore, we aimed to give an overview of helpful (immunohistochemical) biomarkers and clinicopathological factors in addition to survival analyses and included institutional data from 12 urachal adenocarcinomas. A PubMed search yielded 319 suitable studies since 1930 in the English literature with 1984 cases of UrC including 1834 adenocarcinomas (92%) and 150 nonadenocarcinomas (8%). UrC was more common in men (63%), showed a median age at diagnosis of 50.8 years and a median tumor size of 6.0 cm. No associations were noted for overall survival and progression-free survival (PFS) and clinicopathological factors beside a favorable PFS in male patients ( = 0.047). The immunohistochemical markers found to be potentially helpful in the differential diagnostic situation are AMACR and CK34E12 (UrC versus CRC and PBAC), CK7, -Catenin and CD15 (UrC and PBAC versus CRC), and CEA and GATA3 (UrC and CRC versus PBAC). Serum markers like CEA, CA19-9 and CA125 might additionally be useful in the follow-up and monitoring of UrC.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Humans; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms
PubMed: 29721106
DOI: 10.1155/2018/7308168 -
American Society of Clinical Oncology... 2013Despite representing the longest segment of the alimentary tract, small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare. The diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma is frequently delayed... (Review)
Review
Despite representing the longest segment of the alimentary tract, small bowel adenocarcinomas are rare. The diagnosis of small bowel adenocarcinoma is frequently delayed because of the nonspecific clinical symptoms and the limitations of small bowel imaging. The majority of patients will present with either lymph node or distant metastatic disease. Though the role of adjuvant therapy for resected small bowel adenocarcinoma is unclear, recent research efforts have led to an improvement in our management of advanced disease. Prospective phase II studies have successfully enrolled patients with this rare tumor type and have established the combination of a fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin as the most appropriate front-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced disease. Currently, five prospective clinical trials have been designed for patients with small bowel adenocarcinoma and enrollment to these clinical trials should be encouraged.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Small; Lymph Nodes; Organoplatinum Compounds; Oxaliplatin; Prognosis
PubMed: 23714497
DOI: 10.14694/EdBook_AM.2013.33.189 -
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma: a distinct type of adenocarcinomas in the gastrointestinal tract.World Journal of Gastroenterology Apr 2014Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histological type of tumor, first described in invasive ductal breast cancer, than in malignancies in other organs... (Review)
Review
Invasive micropapillary carcinoma (IMPC) is a rare histological type of tumor, first described in invasive ductal breast cancer, than in malignancies in other organs such as lungs, urinary bladder, ovaries or salivary glands. Recent literature data shows that this histological lesion has also been found in cancers of the gastrointestinal system. The micropapillary components are clusters of neoplastic cells that closely adhere to each other and are located in distinct empty spaces. Moreover, clusters of neoplastic cells do not have a fibrous-vascular core. The IMPC cells show reverse polarity resulting in typical ''inside-out'' structures that determines secretary properties, disturbs adhesion and conditions grade of malignancy in gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Invasive micropapillary carcinoma in this location is associated with metastases to local lymph nodes and lymphovascular invasion. IMPC can be a prognostic factor for patients with cancers of the stomach, pancreas and with colorectal cancer since it is related with disease-free and overall survival. The purpose of this review is to present the characterization of invasive micropapillary carcinoma in colon, rectum, stomach and others site of GI tract, and to determine the immunohistological indentification of IMPC in those localization.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinoma, Papillary; Cell Adhesion; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphatic Metastasis; Neoplasm Grading; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Predictive Value of Tests
PubMed: 24782612
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i16.4597 -
Revista Espanola de Enfermedades... May 2023Colorectal lymphomas represent one of the lesions that can be found in a colonoscopy and whose appearance can be indistinguishable from any other type of tumour, so it...
Colorectal lymphomas represent one of the lesions that can be found in a colonoscopy and whose appearance can be indistinguishable from any other type of tumour, so it is important to be aware of them and include them in the differential diagnosis of colonic neoformations.
Topics: Humans; Colonic Neoplasms; Colonoscopy; Adenocarcinoma; Lymphoma; Colonic Polyps; Colorectal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36263821
DOI: 10.17235/reed.2022.9223/2022 -
Nature Reviews. Clinical Oncology Sep 2013Small bowel cancers account for 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and small bowel adenocarcinomas represent a third of all small bowel cancers. Rarity of small... (Review)
Review
Small bowel cancers account for 3% of all gastrointestinal malignancies and small bowel adenocarcinomas represent a third of all small bowel cancers. Rarity of small bowel adenocarcinomas restricts molecular understanding and presents unique diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Better cross-sectional imaging techniques and development of enteroscopy and capsule endoscopy have facilitated earlier and more-accurate diagnosis. Surgical resection remains the mainstay of therapy for locoregional disease. In the metastatic setting, fluoropyrimidine and oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy has shown clinical benefit in prospective non-randomized trials. Although frequently grouped under the same therapeutic umbrella as large bowel adenocarcinomas, small bowel adenocarcinomas are distinct clinical and molecular entities. Recent progress in molecular characterization has aided our understanding of the pathogenesis of these tumours and holds potential for prospective development of novel targeted therapies. Multi-institutional collaborative efforts directed towards cogent understanding of tumour biology and designing sensible clinical trials are essential for developing improved therapeutic strategies. In this Review, we endeavour to outline an evidence-based approach to present-day management of small bowel adenocarcinoma, describe contemporary challenges and uncover evolving paradigms in the management of these rare 'orphan' neoplasias.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Intestinal Neoplasms; Intestine, Small
PubMed: 23897080
DOI: 10.1038/nrclinonc.2013.132 -
BMJ Case Reports May 2021Multiple primaries in patients with prostate cancer are uncommon. We report a case of prostate adenocarcinoma who did not receive any form of treatment, diagnosed 7...
Multiple primaries in patients with prostate cancer are uncommon. We report a case of prostate adenocarcinoma who did not receive any form of treatment, diagnosed 7 months later with colon adenocarcinoma. The patient underwent right extended hemicolectomy and recovered well. He is planned to receive adjuvant chemotherapy and hormonal therapy. Management of such cases can present a dilemma and multiple factors must be taken into consideration, particularly when the first primary tumour is still active.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Colonic Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 33972305
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242273 -
The International Journal of Biological... May 2016Studies evaluating the role of telomerase activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma are inconsistent and a systemic review of the available literature may shed new light on... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Studies evaluating the role of telomerase activity in pancreatic adenocarcinoma are inconsistent and a systemic review of the available literature may shed new light on this issue.
OBJECTIVE
To systematically review the usefulness of telomerase activity in distinguishing pancreatic cancer from other pancreatic diseases.
METHODS
A comprehensive search of the PubMed and Embase databases was conducted to identify eligible studies. Only studies evaluating telomerase activity in patients with suspected or previously diagnosed pancreatic adenocarcinomas versus nonpancreatic adenocarcinomas and published in English with a sufficient number of cases were included. The hierarchical summary receiver operating characteristic (HSROC) model was used to establish the potential value of telomerase activity in the diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.
RESULTS
A total of 19 studies qualified for this meta-analysis. In distinguishing pancreatic adenocarcinoma from benign diseases, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of telomerase activity were 0.81 (95% CI, 0.68-0.90) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.93-0.98), respectively; the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 126.62 (95% CI, 49.94-320.99); beta was -1.16 (95% CI, -3.62-1.29), Z was -0.93, p was 0.35>0.1, and lambda was 6.86 (95% CI, 1.01-12.70). In distinguishing pancreatic adenocarcinoma from chronic pancreatitis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of telomerase activity were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.61-0.88) and 0.97 (95% CI, 0.91-0.99), respectively; DOR was 117.28 (95% CI, 32.25-426.53); beta was -0.38 (95% CI, -1.89-1.13), Z was -0.49, p was 0.62>0.1, and lambda was 5.30 (95% CI, 3.37-7.24).
CONCLUSIONS
The present meta-analysis demonstrates that telomerase activity could be a useful biomarker for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and benign pancreatic diseases.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Telomerase
PubMed: 26616232
DOI: 10.5301/jbm.5000172 -
ESMO Open Apr 2023
Topics: Humans; Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers; Esophageal Neoplasms
PubMed: 36791669
DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100778 -
Virchows Archiv : An International... Dec 2023The classification of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra includes benign and malignant neoplasms. Primary urethral carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of... (Review)
Review
The classification of the epithelial tumors of the male and female urethra includes benign and malignant neoplasms. Primary urethral carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the accessory glands are the most relevant tumors, both from the morphologic and clinical point of view. An accurate diagnosis, grading and staging are essential for determining adequate treatment strategies and outcome. Information on anatomy and histology of the urethra is of fundamental importance in understanding the morphology of the tumors, including the clinical importance of their location and origin.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Urethra; Adenocarcinoma; Biomarkers, Tumor; Urethral Neoplasms
PubMed: 37233807
DOI: 10.1007/s00428-023-03565-y -
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical... Nov 2023Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLA) of the female genital tract represent a rare and relatively recently described neoplasm exhibiting characteristic morphologic and... (Review)
Review
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract: possible role of KRAS-targeted treatment-detailed molecular analysis of a case series and review of the literature for targetable somatic KRAS-mutations.
PURPOSE
Mesonephric-like adenocarcinomas (MLA) of the female genital tract represent a rare and relatively recently described neoplasm exhibiting characteristic morphologic and immunohistochemical findings commonly associated with a KRAS-mutation. Most cases display an aggressive clinical behavior, but knowledge about treatment approaches is limited, especially for targeting KRAS.
METHODS
We report a series of eight cases with a detailed molecular analysis for KRAS. These cases as well as the data of previously published cases with detailed information regarding KRAS-mutational events were reviewed for a potential targeted approach and its prognostic impact.
RESULTS
Both the uterine and ovarian MLA harbor a somatic KRAS-mutation in about 85% of the reported cases, affecting the hotspot codons 12 and 13. 15.7% of the endometrial and 15.6% of ovarian MLA are wild type for KRAS. A p.G12A-alteration was seen in 5.6% (5/89) of the endometrial and in 6.2% (2/32) of the ovarian tumors, for p.G12C in 7.9% and 6.2%, for p.G12D in 32.6% and 34.5% and for p.G12V in 36% and 37.5%, respectively. Very limited data are available regarding the prognostic impact of different mutational sites within the KRAS-gene without significant prognostic impact.
CONCLUSION
Because of a specific p.G12C-KRAS somatic mutation, only the minority of MLA (7.9% with uterine and 6.2% with ovarian primary) are potentially targetable by sotarasib in that rare but aggressive subtype of adenocarcinoma of the female genital tract. Until now, the different location of a somatic KRAS-mutation is of no prognostic impact.
Topics: Humans; Female; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Adenocarcinoma; Mutation; Prognosis; Genitalia, Female
PubMed: 37668797
DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05306-9