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Frontiers in Endocrinology 2021Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the female and male genital tracts. Extragenital localization such as... (Review)
Review
Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an uncommon benign neoplasm of mesothelial origin, usually occurring in the female and male genital tracts. Extragenital localization such as the adrenal gland is extremely rare. Until now, only 39 cases of adrenal AT have been reported in the English literature. Here we report two novel cases of adrenal AT that occurred in male patients aged 30 and 31 years. The tumors were discovered incidentally by computed tomography (CT). Macroscopically, the tumors were unilateral and solid, and the greatest dimension of the tumors was 3.5 and 8.0 cm, respectively. Histologically, the tumors consisted of angiomatoid, cystic, and solid patterns and infiltrated the adrenal cortical or medullary tissue. The tumor cells had low nuclear/cytoplasmic ratio, with no pathological mitosis or nuclear pleomorphism. Thread-like bridging strands and signet-ring-like cells could be seen. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells were positive for epithelial markers (AE1/AE3, CK7) and mesothelial markers (D2-40, calretinin, and WT-1). The Ki-67 index was approximately 1 and 2%, respectively. The differential diagnosis of adrenal AT includes a variety of benign and malignant tumors. The patients had neither local recurrence nor distant metastasis at 21 and 8 months after removal of the tumor. In the literature review, we comprehensively summarized the clinical, morphological, immunohistochemical, and prognostic features of adrenal AT. Adrenal ATs are morphologically and immunophenotypically identical to those that occur in the genital tracts. Combining the histology with immunohistochemical profiles is very supportive in reaching the diagnosis of this benign tumor, helping to avoid misdiagnosis and overtreatment.
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adult; Humans; Male; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 34248850
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.692553 -
International Journal of Clinical and... 2015Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an extremely rare benign tumor in the testis of infants. A case of 14-month-old boy with testicular adenomatoid tumor was reported in this... (Review)
Review
Adenomatoid tumor (AT) is an extremely rare benign tumor in the testis of infants. A case of 14-month-old boy with testicular adenomatoid tumor was reported in this study. On physical examination, a smooth solid nodule sized 8 mm could be palpated with little tenderness on the head of the right testis. It could be clearly revealed by B ultrasonic scanning and computerized tomography. The patient underwent right radical orchiectomy. In postoperative histopathological study, the tumor was characterized by diffuse sheets of epithelioid cell and desmo-stroma structures. There was positive immunohistochemical staining of mesothelioma-associated antigens. The tumor should be differentiated from the tumor of the male genital tract including benign and malignant tumors of both epithelial and stromal origin. And we followed the case and no nodule was found in his scrotum by physical examination and scrotal ultrasonography after 3, 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, 60 months. These findings have important implications that the histogenesis of adenomatoid tumor of the testis is unclear yet. The diagnosis depends on pathologic studies, and should be differentiated from paratesticular malignant mesothelioma and sclerosed lipogranuloma. Radical surgery is the common choice, and as a result of getting a good prognosis.
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Biomarkers, Tumor; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant; Male; Orchiectomy; Predictive Value of Tests; Testicular Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Tumor Burden
PubMed: 26191318
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2023The process of odontogenesis is complex involving epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, along with the molecular signalling pathways triggering the initiating process....
BACKGROUND
The process of odontogenesis is complex involving epithelial-mesenchymal interactions, along with the molecular signalling pathways triggering the initiating process. The triggering factors and cells precisely involved in the pathogenesis of odontogenic cysts and tumors are unknown. There is a vast array of biomarkers used to stain different sites, thereby helpful in diagnosing and evaluating the prognosis of these cysts and tumors. In the following study, Anti Apoptotic survivin expression patterns were assessed quantitatively in 48 samples (12 each) of Reduced Enamel Epithelium, Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma.
AIM
The Aim of this study is to assess the anti-apoptotic survivin expression in Reduced Enamel Epithelium, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumour, Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastoma.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The present study is carried out with 12 samples in each group. Routine hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for confirmatory diagnosis. Later Immunohistochemistry was performed using survivin antibody. Survivin protein expression was analyzed using the parameters like location, intensity, percentage of cells positivity with survivin protein and extent of staining. With the help of Olympus BX 43 microscope, with ProgRes microscope camera, the 48 slides obtained were examined. The region of interest was selected in each slide and number of cells positively stained was counted. Data was analyzed using SPSS software version 23. Descriptive for scale data, results were analysed by using ANOVA with Chi-square test for intergroup comparison.
RESULTS
The results showed significant P value <0.05. Expression of survivin was highest in Ameloblastoma, followed by Odontogenic keratocyst, Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, and Reduced Enamel Epithelium.
CONCLUSION
Survivin was involved in the inhibition of apoptosis as well as the detailed understanding of the biological behaviour of odontogenic cysts and tumours, thereby increasing therapeutic approaches.
PubMed: 38033952
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_446_22 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2023Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon, benign tumor of the sinonasal tract. It can, however, be confused with a sinonasal malignancy causing... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Respiratory Epithelial Adenomatoid Hamartoma (REAH) is an uncommon, benign tumor of the sinonasal tract. It can, however, be confused with a sinonasal malignancy causing undo morbidity to patients. Therefore, the clinical as well as histological diagnosis is crucial in order to correctly care for patients.
METHODS
This review of a patient, to include their clinical pictures, radiologic pictures, and histologic pictures, allow for the clinician to accurately evaluate and diagnose REAH.
RESULTS
Our patient presented with a classic bilateral olfactory cleft mass on endoscopic exam. CT was obtained showing a non-enhancing homogenous mass, widening the olfactory cleft, with no evidence of skull base defects or bony erosion. MRI was additionally obtained, given the location, showing a homogenous cribriform mass with clearly defined borders with post-contrast enhancement on T1-weighted images and hyperintense T2-weighted images. A biopsy in clinic was done, showing small to medium, round to oval shaped glands lined with ciliated respiratory epithelium and separated by stroma. The surface epithelium extends into the submucosa, communicating with the proliferating glands.
CONCLUSION
Our patient, presented in this case report, shows a classic presentation of REAH. Using these findings, patients can be better counseled on this benign entity, ranging from observation to surgical intervention.
Topics: Humans; Paranasal Sinuses; Adenoma; Hamartoma; Epithelium; Biopsy; Diagnosis, Differential
PubMed: 36622533
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-022-01519-5 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... May 2024Molecular testing has increasingly been utilized in the evaluation of mesothelioma. Diffuse mesothelioma comprises multiple distinct genetic subgroups. While most... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT.—
Molecular testing has increasingly been utilized in the evaluation of mesothelioma. Diffuse mesothelioma comprises multiple distinct genetic subgroups. While most diffuse mesotheliomas lack oncogenic kinase mutations and instead harbor alterations involving tumor suppressors and chromatin regulators, a minor subset of tumors is characterized by uncommon alterations such as germline mutations, genomic near-haploidization, ALK rearrangement, ATF1 rearrangement, or EWSR1::YY1 fusion.
OBJECTIVE.—
To provide updates on the salient molecular features of diffuse mesothelioma, mesothelioma in situ, and other mesothelial lesions: well-differentiated papillary mesothelial tumor, adenomatoid tumor, peritoneal inclusion cyst, and others. We consider the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive utility of molecular testing in mesothelial lesions.
DATA SOURCES.—
We performed a literature review of recently described genetic features, molecular approaches, and immunohistochemical tools, including BAP1, MTAP, and merlin in mesothelioma and other mesothelial lesions.
CONCLUSIONS.—
Our evolving understanding of the molecular diversity of diffuse mesothelioma and other mesothelial lesions has led to considerable changes in pathology diagnostic practice, including the application of immunohistochemical markers such as BAP1, MTAP, and merlin (NF2), which are surrogates of mutation status. In young patients and/or those without significant asbestos exposure, unusual mesothelioma genetics such as germline mutations, ALK rearrangement, and ATF1 rearrangement should be considered.
Topics: Humans; Mesothelioma; Immunohistochemistry; Biomarkers, Tumor; Neoplasms, Mesothelial; Mesothelioma, Malignant; Mutation; Tumor Suppressor Proteins; Ubiquitin Thiolesterase
PubMed: 38190277
DOI: 10.5858/arpa.2023-0213-RA -
Asian Journal of Surgery Feb 2022
Topics: Adenomatoid Tumor; Fallopian Tube Neoplasms; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Humans
PubMed: 34955345
DOI: 10.1016/j.asjsur.2021.11.045 -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2016Origin of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has long been a controversy, and the issue of it being a neoplasm or hamartoma was a subject of debate for a long time....
BACKGROUND
Origin of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has long been a controversy, and the issue of it being a neoplasm or hamartoma was a subject of debate for a long time. Earlier it was grouped under a mixed group of odontogenic tumors considering the varying degrees of inductive changes. Recently, the WHO classification states that the presence of hard tissue within AOT was not due to induction but was rather a metaplastically produced mineralization and hence the tumor was reclassified under a group of tumors arising from odontogenic epithelium. This study is an attempt to identify if both epithelial (cytokeratin 14 [CK14]) and mesenchymal (vimentin) markers are expressed in the follicular and extrafollicular variants of AOT and to compare the expression with dentigerous cyst (DC) as this cyst is known to arise from reduced enamel epithelium which expressed CK14. This is done to possibly relate the origin of AOT with reduced enamel epithelium.
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
To study, analyze and correlate the expression of CK14 and vimentin in AOT and DC.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Retrospective study on paraffin embedded tissues. Sixteen cases of AOT and 15 cases of DC were retrieved from the departmental archives and subjected to CK14 and vimentin immunostaining.
STATISTICAL METHODS
Measures of central tendency was used to analyze the results.
RESULTS AND OBSERVATIONS
Ninety percent of cases of follicular AOT (FAOT) and 100% cases of extra-follicular AOTs (EAOTs) showed positivity for CK14 and all cases of DC showed positivity for CK14. Vimentin was positive in 44% and negative in 56% cases of both FAOT and EAOT taken together.
CONCLUSION
The CK14 expression profile in AOT and DC supports its odontogenic epithelial specific nature. The possible role of reduced enamel epithelium and dental lamina in histogenesis of AOT and DC is strongly evident by their CK14 expression pattern.
PubMed: 27721599
DOI: 10.4103/0973-029X.190904 -
Head and Neck Pathology Jun 2011The number of published cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has steadily increased, and about half were reported in Asian populations. Although the... (Review)
Review
The number of published cases of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor (AOT) has steadily increased, and about half were reported in Asian populations. Although the clinicopathologic profile of AOT has been extensively reported, factual knowledge of its pathogenesis is rudimentary at best, and there is controversy as to precisely which odontogenic epithelium it arises from. AOT is a successional tooth-associated lesion which develops during the mixed dentition. The permanent successor differs from its deciduous predecessor in that it has an eruptive pathway from the dental follicle to the gingiva, the gubernaculum dentis. With this background in mind, the present review focuses mainly on the early development of AOT. We successfully demonstrated a close spatial relationship between AOT and the gubernaculum dentis in a typical case. From further observations of the same AOT in which an enclosed permanent canine showed enamel hypoplasia, it is possible to pinpoint areas around the crown of a developing successional tooth in continuity with the gubernaculum dentis as starting points. In addition, we discuss the unifying histogenetic concept of three clinical variants, namely, pericoronal (follicular), extracoronal (extrafollicular), (see Article note) and peripheral.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Dental Enamel Hypoplasia; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Humans; Male; Odontogenesis; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 21380723
DOI: 10.1007/s12105-011-0253-3 -
Medicine Dec 2023Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign tumors, mainly involving the reproductive tract, such as the epididymis in men and the uterus and fallopian tubes in women. However, a... (Review)
Review
RATIONALE
Adenomatoid tumors are rare benign tumors, mainly involving the reproductive tract, such as the epididymis in men and the uterus and fallopian tubes in women. However, a few cases can occur outside the reproductive tract. Herein, we report a rare case of a primary adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland.
PATIENT CONCERNS
A 50-year-old man underwent ultrasound examination and was found to have a right adrenal mass without elevated blood pressure, weakness after fatigue, frequent nocturnal urination urgency, pain, or a history of hematuria. The patient's general health was normal. Computed tomography revealed a polycystic mixed-density lesion in the right adrenal region, approximately 7.3 × 4.5 cm in size.
DIAGNOSES
Based on the clinical information, morphological features, and immunohistochemistry results, a pathological diagnosis of primary adenomatoid tumor of the adrenal gland was made.
INTERVENTION
Excision of the right adrenal gland and tumor through the 11 ribs.
OUTCOMES
The patient's postoperative course was uneventful.
LESSONS
Preventing misdiagnosis adenomatoid tumors with other types of adrenal gland tumors or metastatic tumors is imperative. Morphological and immunohistochemical features can help diagnose primary adenomatoid tumors of the adrenal gland.
Topics: Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Adenomatoid Tumor; Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Adrenal Glands; Immunohistochemistry; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 38115250
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000036739 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Jan 2022This study reviews the demographic, clinical and radiographic features of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor(AOT) diagnosed in an Indian population over 50 years and also... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
This study reviews the demographic, clinical and radiographic features of adenomatoid odontogenic tumor(AOT) diagnosed in an Indian population over 50 years and also evaluate and compare follicular AOT(F-AOT) and extra-follicular AOT(EF-AOT).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
55 diagnosed cases of AOT from 1971-2020 were studied retrospectively. The data regarding the age, sex, location, variant of AOT, duration, clinical features, radiographic appearance, treatment and recurrence were collected and analysed.
RESULTS
Of the 722 odontogenic tumors diagnosed, 7.6% were AOTs with higher prevalence of extra-follicular (67.3%) than follicular (32.7%) variant. All the tumors were intraosseous with a marked predilection for maxilla over mandible, ratio 2:1. The patients mean age was 19.8 years with slightly higher female predilection (male:female ratio - 1:1.5). The anterior region (76.4%) was more frequently affected and entire quadrant was involved in 21.8% cases. Clinically, asymptomatic, slow-growing swelling was seen in 81.8% cases with duration of 15 days to 10 years. Radiographically, AOT appeared as well-corticated radiolucent lesion. Canine was the most commonly impacted tooth. Recurrence was seen in 3 cases.
CONCLUSIONS
Interestingly, in this series extra-follicular was twice more common than follicular AOT. Few cases involved the entire quadrant or crossed the midline of either jaws.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ameloblastoma; Child; Female; Humans; India; Male; Odontogenic Tumors; Retrospective Studies; Tooth, Impacted; Young Adult
PubMed: 34874924
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24977