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BMC Medical Genomics Jun 2022As a well-known protein, Bid links the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and plays important roles in cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the...
BACKGROUND
As a well-known protein, Bid links the extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways and plays important roles in cell proliferation. In this study, we evaluated the expression of two isoforms of the Bid gene (BidSi6 and BidEL) in colorectal adenomatous polyps as a biomarker and investigated the relationship between their expression levels with clinicopathological factors.
METHODS
The expression of BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms in 22 pairs of Adenomatous polyps and adjust non-polyp tissues was measured by qReal-Time PCR and compared with 10 normal colon tissues. ROC curve was performed to examine the diagnostic capacity. Also, sequencing was performed for molecular identification of BidSi6 isoform in adenomatous polyp.
RESULTS
Our results showed that BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms were significantly overexpressed in Adenomatous polyps and non-polyp adjacent tissues from the same patients compared to that in normal colon tissues, but there was no significant expression between polyps and adjust non-polyp tissues. There were no significant correlations between the expression of two isoforms and other features of clinicopathology. The area under the curve of BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms indicated powerful diagnostic capability. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the sequence of idSi6 isoform, and the results showed that adenomatous polyp tissue and adjust non-polyp tissue were separated from healthy colorectal tissue and reference sequence (EU678292).
CONCLUSIONS
These findings suggest that BidSi6 and BidEL isoforms can be used as new potential biomarkers in adenomatous polyps.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Biomarkers; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Phylogeny; Protein Isoforms
PubMed: 35668495
DOI: 10.1186/s12920-022-01282-0 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Dec 2015Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), as the third most common new cancer diagnosis, poses a significant health risk to the population. Interval CRCs are those that appear after a... (Review)
Review
Colorectal carcinoma (CRC), as the third most common new cancer diagnosis, poses a significant health risk to the population. Interval CRCs are those that appear after a negative screening test or examination. The development of interval CRCs has been shown to be multifactorial: location of exam-academic institution versus community hospital, experience of the endoscopist, quality of the procedure, age of the patient, flat versus polypoid neoplasia, genetics, hereditary gastrointestinal neoplasia, and most significantly missed or incompletely excised lesions. The rate of interval CRCs has decreased in the last decade, which has been ascribed to an increased understanding of interval disease and technological advances in the screening of high risk individuals. In this article, we aim to review the literature with regard to the multifactorial nature of interval CRCs and provide the most recent developments regarding this important gastrointestinal entity.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Carcinoma; Colonic Polyps; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Incidence; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors
PubMed: 26668498
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i45.12735 -
World Journal of Gastroenterology Jan 2016Duodenal polyps or lesions are uncommonly found on upper endoscopy. Duodenal lesions can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based, and the type of lesion often... (Review)
Review
Duodenal polyps or lesions are uncommonly found on upper endoscopy. Duodenal lesions can be categorized as subepithelial or mucosally-based, and the type of lesion often dictates the work-up and possible therapeutic options. Subepithelial lesions that can arise in the duodenum include lipomas, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, and carcinoids. Endoscopic ultrasonography with fine needle aspiration is useful in the characterization and diagnosis of subepithelial lesions. Duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors and large or multifocal carcinoids are best managed by surgical resection. Brunner's gland tumors, solitary Peutz-Jeghers polyps, and non-ampullary and ampullary adenomas are mucosally-based duodenal lesions, which can require removal and are typically amenable to endoscopic resection. Several anatomic characteristics of the duodenum make endoscopic resection of duodenal lesions challenging. However, advanced endoscopic techniques exist that enable the resection of large mucosally-based duodenal lesions. Endoscopic papillectomy is not without risk, but this procedure can effectively resect ampullary adenomas and allows patients to avoid surgery, which typically involves pancreaticoduodenectomy. Endoscopic mucosal resection and its variations (such as cap-assisted, cap-band-assisted, and underwater techniques) enable the safe and effective resection of most duodenal adenomas. Endoscopic submucosal dissection is possible but very difficult to safely perform in the duodenum.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Ampulla of Vater; Biopsy; Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde; Duodenal Neoplasms; Duodenoscopes; Duodenoscopy; Endosonography; Equipment Design; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestinal Polyps; Male; Middle Aged; Postoperative Complications; Sphincterotomy, Endoscopic; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 26811610
DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i2.600 -
Pathobiology : Journal of... 2021The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the formation of gastric fundic gland polyp and gastric hyperplastic polyp (HP) and the changes of gastric...
INTRODUCTION
The aim of this study was to study the relationship between the formation of gastric fundic gland polyp and gastric hyperplastic polyp (HP) and the changes of gastric juice microenvironment.
METHODS
The proton-pump inhibitor (PPI) applications to patients were recorded. Gastric juices and biopsy polyps were collected for pathological examination, H. pylori tests, biomarkers, and MUC1, MUC2, MUC5AC expression measurement.
RESULTS
Among 34,892 patients, the detection rate of gastric fundic gland polyps was significantly higher than that of gastric HPs (p < 0.01). The incidence rate of gastric fundic gland polyp and gastric HP in PPI users (n = 3,886) was higher than that of non-PPI users (p < 0.01). The occurrence of polyp was positively related to the duration of PPI application and the H. pylori-positive rate. The bile reflux rate between fundic gland polys group (17.61%) and HPs (28.67%) was significantly different (p < 0.01). The levels of gastric juice Gastrin-17, epidermal growth factor (EGF) and MUC2 from patients with gastric fundic gland polyps and gastric HPs were higher than those in the control group (p < 0.01). However, patients with gastric fundic gland polyps and HPs had significantly lower gastric juice PGE2 and MUC5AC (p < 0.01).
CONCLUSION
PPI application, H. pylori infection, and bile reflux are the potential risk factors for formation of fundic gland polyps and HPs. The potential mechanism of polyps' formation can be related to the levels of Gastrin-17, EGF, MUC2, PGE2, and MUC5AC in gastric juice.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Gastric Juice; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Polyps; Stomach Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 34500447
DOI: 10.1159/000516855 -
Microbes and Infection 2019Specific Escherichia coli strains have been associated to colorectal cancer, while no data are available on genotypic and phenotypic features of E. coli colonizing...
Specific Escherichia coli strains have been associated to colorectal cancer, while no data are available on genotypic and phenotypic features of E. coli colonizing premalignant adenomatous polyps and their pathogenic potential. This study was aimed at characterizing isolates collected from polyps and adjacent tissue in comparison with those from normal mucosa. From colonoscopy biopsies, 1500 E. coli isolates were retrieved and genotyped; 272 were characterized for phylogroup and major phenotypic traits (i.e., biofilm formation, motility, hemolysins, and proteases). Selected isolates were analyzed for extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC)-associated virulence genes and in vivo pathogenicity using Galleria mellonella. The majority of isolates collected from polyps were strong biofilm and poor protease producers, whereas those isolates from normal mucosa were highly motile, proteolytic and weak biofilm formers. Isolates from adjacent tissues shared features with those from both polyps and normal mucosa. Among selected E. coli isolates, ExPEC gene content/profile was variable and uncorrelated with the tissue of collection and larval mortality. Despite the heterogeneous virulence-gene carriage of the E. coli intestinal population, E. coli colonizing colonic adenomatous polyps express specific phenotypic traits that could represent an initial pathoadaptation to local environmental changes characterizing these lesions.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Animals; Biofilms; Colonic Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Genotype; Hemolysin Proteins; Humans; Locomotion; Moths; Phenotype; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 30763764
DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2019.02.001 -
Best Practice & Research. Clinical... Aug 2014Increasing body fatness has been associated with an increased burden from colorectal cancer. An increased susceptibility spanning the entire continuum from precancerous... (Review)
Review
Increasing body fatness has been associated with an increased burden from colorectal cancer. An increased susceptibility spanning the entire continuum from precancerous adenomatous polyps to the development of colorectal cancer, poor outcome with treatment, and reduced survival when compared to those with normal body weight has been described. It is unknown which age period and which degree and duration of excess weight are associated with increased colorectal cancer risk. It is uncertain whether weight loss can reverse this risk. If it can, how long will the new lower or normal weight be maintained to effect enduring risk reduction? Furthermore, it is controversial whether the increased burden of colorectal cancer warrants earlier and/or more frequent screening for obese persons. This article reviews the relationship between obesity and colorectal neoplasia, explores the postulated mechanism of carcinogenesis, discusses interventions to reduce the burden of disease, and suggests future directions of research.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Body Mass Index; Colonic Neoplasms; Colorectal Neoplasms; Humans; Obesity
PubMed: 25194182
DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2014.07.007 -
Cancer Prevention Research... Jul 2021Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Studies have found a positive association between metabolic risk factors, such as obesity and diabetes, and adenomatous polyps (AP). However, fewer studies have assessed the association between sessile serrated polyps (SSP) or synchronous diagnosis of APs and SSPs (synch polyps). Study participants ( = 1,370; ages 40-85) undergoing screening colonoscopy were enrolled between August 2016 and February 2020. Self-reported metabolic risk factors, including diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and overweight/obesity, were evaluated for associations with new diagnoses of APs, SSPs, and synch polyps at the present colonoscopy. Average participant age was 60.73 ± 8.63 (SD) years; 56.7% were female and 90.9% white. In an assessment of individual metabolic risk factors, adjusted for age, sex, race, and smoking status, increased body mass index (BMI; overweight or obese vs. normal BMI of <25 kg/m) was associated with an increased odds for new onset of colon APs ( < 0.001) as was a diagnosis of diabetes [adjusted conditional OR (aCOR) = 1.59 (1.10-2.29)]. No associations were seen between the metabolic risk factors and onset of SSPs. Being obese or hypertensive each increased the odds of new onset of synch polyps with aCOR values of 2.09 (1.01-4.32) and 1.79 (1.06-3.02), respectively. Self-reported risk factors may help assess polyp type risk. Because SSPs and synch polyps are rare, larger studies are needed to improve our understanding of the contribution of these factors to polyp risk. These data lead us to hypothesize that differences in observed metabolic risk factors between polyp types reflect select metabolic impact on pathways to colorectal cancer. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Self-reported medical history provides valuable insight into polyp risk, potentially enabling the use of larger retrospective studies of colonoscopy populations to assess knowledge gaps. More aggressive colonoscopy screening, critical to colorectal cancer prevention, may be considered in populations of individuals with metabolic risk factors and modifiable lifestyle risk factors.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyps; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colonic Polyps; Colonoscopy; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Hypertension; Male; Medical History Taking; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Self Report
PubMed: 33947705
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0664 -
Cancer Research Apr 2013Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is best known for its crucial role in colorectal cancer suppression. Rodent models with various Apc mutations have enabled experimental... (Review)
Review
Adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) is best known for its crucial role in colorectal cancer suppression. Rodent models with various Apc mutations have enabled experimental validation of different Apc functions in tumors and normal tissues. Since the development of the first mouse model with a germline Apc mutation in the early 1990s, 20 other Apc mouse and rat models have been generated. This article compares and contrasts currently available Apc rodent models with particular emphasis on providing potential explanations for their reported variation in three areas: (i) intestinal polyp multiplicity, (ii) intestinal polyp distribution, and (iii) extraintestinal phenotypes.
Topics: Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli Protein; Animals; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Disease Models, Animal; Genetic Association Studies; Germ-Line Mutation; Humans; Intestinal Polyps; Mice; Phenotype; Rats; Rodentia
PubMed: 23580574
DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-12-4607 -
The British Journal of Surgery May 2024Hereditary adenomatous polyposis syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis and other rare adenomatous polyposis syndromes, increase the lifetime risk of...
Updated European guidelines for clinical management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), gastric adenocarcinoma, proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) and other rare adenomatous polyposis syndromes: a joint EHTG-ESCP revision.
BACKGROUND
Hereditary adenomatous polyposis syndromes, including familial adenomatous polyposis and other rare adenomatous polyposis syndromes, increase the lifetime risk of colorectal and other cancers.
METHODS
A team of 38 experts convened to update the 2008 European recommendations for the clinical management of patients with adenomatous polyposis syndromes. Additionally, other rare monogenic adenomatous polyposis syndromes were reviewed and added. Eighty-nine clinically relevant questions were answered after a systematic review of the existing literature with grading of the evidence according to Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methodology. Two levels of consensus were identified: consensus threshold (≥67% of voting guideline committee members voting either 'Strongly agree' or 'Agree' during the Delphi rounds) and high threshold (consensus ≥ 80%).
RESULTS
One hundred and forty statements reached a high level of consensus concerning the management of hereditary adenomatous polyposis syndromes.
CONCLUSION
These updated guidelines provide current, comprehensive, and evidence-based practical recommendations for the management of surveillance and treatment of familial adenomatous polyposis patients, encompassing additionally MUTYH-associated polyposis, gastric adenocarcinoma and proximal polyposis of the stomach and other recently identified polyposis syndromes based on pathogenic variants in other genes than APC or MUTYH. Due to the rarity of these diseases, patients should be managed at specialized centres.
Topics: Humans; Adenomatous Polyposis Coli; Stomach Neoplasms; Adenocarcinoma; DNA Glycosylases; Neoplastic Syndromes, Hereditary; Europe; Adenomatous Polyps; Polyps
PubMed: 38722804
DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znae070 -
Archives of Pathology & Laboratory... Mar 2007Serrated adenomas can be morphologically subdivided into traditional and sessile types. They are thought to have a comparable rate of cancer progression like... (Review)
Review
CONTEXT
Serrated adenomas can be morphologically subdivided into traditional and sessile types. They are thought to have a comparable rate of cancer progression like conventional adenomas, but they potentially have a faster rate of growth through methylation pathway(s). They share similar morphologic features with both the conventional adenoma and the hyperplastic polyp in a fashion that is different from a mixed adenoma and a hyperplastic polyp.
OBJECTIVE
To describe the histopathologic features of traditional serrated adenoma and sessile serrated adenoma and their comparison with traditional adenomas and hyperplastic polyp.
DATA SOURCES
Relevant articles in peer-review journals and the authors' working experience as practicing surgical pathologists with a specific interest in gastrointestinal pathology.
CONCLUSIONS
Both types of serrated adenomas, traditional serrated adenoma and sessile serrated adenoma, are morphologically distinct, clinically important entities, and they can be diagnosed accurately in routine practice.
Topics: Adenoma; Adenomatous Polyps; Colonic Polyps; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Hyperplasia
PubMed: 17516746
DOI: 10.5858/2007-131-440-HOSAIV