-
Viruses Feb 2021Human adenoviruses cause disease at multiple mucosal sites, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and are common agents of... (Review)
Review
Human adenoviruses cause disease at multiple mucosal sites, including the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and genitourinary tracts, and are common agents of conjunctivitis. One site of infection that has received sparse attention is the cornea, a transparent tissue and the window of the eye. While most adenovirus infections are self-limited, corneal inflammation (keratitis) due to adenovirus can persist or recur for months to years after infection, leading to reduced vision, discomfort, and light sensitivity. Topical corticosteroids effectively suppress late adenovirus keratitis but are associated with vision-threatening side effects. In this short review, we summarize current knowledge on infection of the cornea by adenoviruses, including corneal epithelial cell receptors and determinants of corneal tropism. We briefly discuss mechanisms of stromal keratitis due to adenovirus infection, and review an emerging therapy to mitigate adenovirus corneal infections based on evolving knowledge of corneal epithelial receptor usage.
Topics: Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Human; Animals; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 33668417
DOI: 10.3390/v13020293 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common respiratory virus, which can lead to severe pneumonia in children and immunocompromised persons, and canonical inflammasomes are...
INTRODUCTION
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a common respiratory virus, which can lead to severe pneumonia in children and immunocompromised persons, and canonical inflammasomes are reported to be involved in anti-HAdV defense. However, whether HAdV induced noncanonical inflammasome activation has not been explored. This study aims to explore the broad roles of noncanonical inflammasomes during HAdV infection to investigate the regulatory mechanism of HAdV-induced pulmonary inflammatory damage.
METHODS
We mined available data on GEO database and collected clinical samples from adenovirus pneumonia pediatric patients to investigate the expression of noncanonical inflammasome and its clinical relevance. An cell model was employed to investigate the roles of noncanonical inflammasomes in macrophages in response to HAdV infection.
RESULTS
Bioinformatics analysis showed that inflammasome-related genes, including caspase-4 and caspase-5, were enriched in adenovirus pneumonia. Moreover, caspase-4 and caspase-5 expression levels were significantly increased in the cells isolated from peripheral blood and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of pediatric patients with adenovirus pneumonia, and positively correlated with clinical parameters of inflammatory damage. experiments revealed that HAdV infection promoted caspase-4/5 expression, activation and pyroptosis in differentiated THP-1 (dTHP-1) human macrophages via NF-κB, rather than STING signaling pathway. Interestingly, silencing of caspase-4 and caspase-5 in dTHP-1 cells suppressed HAdV-induced noncanonical inflammasome activation and macrophage pyroptosis, and dramatically decreased the HAdV titer in cell supernatants, by influencing virus release rather than other stages of virus life cycle.
DISCUSSION
In conclusion, our study demonstrated that HAdV infection induced macrophage pyroptosis by triggering noncanonical inflammasome activation via a NF-kB-dependent manner, which may explore new perspectives on the pathogenesis of HAdV-induced inflammatory damage. And high expression levels of caspase-4 and caspase-5 may be a biomarker for predicting the severity of adenovirus pneumonia.
Topics: Humans; Child; Inflammasomes; Pyroptosis; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Macrophages; NF-kappa B; Caspases; Pneumonia, Viral; Adenoviridae Infections
PubMed: 37180156
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1169968 -
Poultry Science Dec 2020The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza-like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is...
The diagnosis of a concurrent infection of Avibacterium paragallinarum and fowl adenovirus (FAdV) in an infectious coryza-like outbreak in the outskirt of Beijing is reported. The primary signs of the infection were acute respiratory signs, a drop in egg production, and the presence of hydropericardium-hepatitis syndrome-like gross lesions. Laboratory examination confirmed the presence of A. paragallinarum by bacterial isolation and a species-specific PCR test. In addition, conventional serotyping identified the isolates as Page serovar A. Fowl adenovirus was isolated from chicken liver specimen and identified by hexon gene amplification. In addition, histopathologic analysis and transmission electron microscopy examination further confirmed the presence of the virus. Both hexon gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis defined the viral isolate as FAdV-4. The pathogenic role of A. paragallinarum and FAdV was evaluated by experimental infection of specific-pathogen-free chickens. The challenge trial showed that combined A. paragallinarum and FAdV infection resulted in more severe clinical signs than that by FAdV infection alone. The concurrent infection caused 50% mortality compared with 40% mortality by FAdV infection alone and zero mortality by A. paragallinarum infection alone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of A. paragallinarum coinfection with FAdV. The case implies that concurrent infections with these 2 agents do occur and more attention should be given to the potential of multiple agents during disease diagnosis and treatment.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Chickens; China; Coinfection; Haemophilus Infections; Haemophilus paragallinarum; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases
PubMed: 33248567
DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.09.033 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Feb 2023Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a major pathogen that causes acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) and is frequently associated with outbreaks. The HAdV prevalence and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is a major pathogen that causes acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) and is frequently associated with outbreaks. The HAdV prevalence and the predominant types responsible for ARTI outbreaks remains obscure in China.
METHODS
A systematic review was performed to retrieve literature that reported outbreaks or etiological surveillance of HAdV among ARTI patients in China from 2009 to 2020. Patient information was extracted from the literature to explore the epidemiological characteristics and clinical manifestations of the infection of various HAdV types. The study is registered with PROSPERO, CRD42022303015.
RESULTS
A total of 950 articles (91 about outbreaks and 859 about etiological surveillance) meeting the selection criteria were included. Predominant HAdV types from etiological surveillance studies differed from those in outbreak events. Among 859 hospital-based etiological surveillance studies, positive detection rates of HAdV-3 (32.73%) and HAdV-7 (27.48%) were significantly higher than other virus types. While nearly half (45.71%) of outbreaks were caused by HAdV-7 with an overall attack rate of 22.32% among the 70 outbreaks for which the HAdVs were typed by the meta-analysis. Military camp and school were main outbreak settings with significantly different seasonal pattern and attack rate, where HAdV-55 and HAdV-7 were identified as the leading type, respectively. Clinical manifestations mainly depended on the HAdV types and patient's age. HAdV-55 infection tends to develop into pneumonia with poorer prognosis, especially in children <5 years old.
CONCLUSIONS
This study improves the understanding of epidemiological and clinical features of HAdV infections and outbreaks with different virus types, and helps to inform future surveillance and control efforts in different settings.
Topics: Child; Humans; Child, Preschool; Prevalence; Phylogeny; Adenoviridae Infections; China; Respiratory Tract Infections; Adenovirus Infections, Human; Adenoviruses, Human
PubMed: 36812245
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011151 -
The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal Apr 2022The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are...
BACKGROUND
The most common clinical manifestation of adenovirus (AdV) infection is acute respiratory illness (ARI). Specific AdV species associated with ARI hospitalizations are not well defined in the Middle East.
METHODS
A viral surveillance study was conducted among children <2 years hospitalized in Amman, Jordan, from March 2010 to March 2013. Nasal and throat respiratory specimens were obtained from enrolled children and tested for viruses using a real-time reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AdV-positive specimens were typed by partial hexon gene sequencing. Demographic and clinical features were compared between AdV detected as single pathogen versus co-detected with other respiratory viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C species.
RESULTS
AdV was detected in 475/3168 (15%) children hospitalized with ARI; of these, 216 (45%) specimens were successfully typed with AdV-C as the most common species detected (140/216; 65%). Children with AdV-single detection (88/475; 19%) had a higher frequency of fever (71% vs. 56%; P=0.015), diarrhea (18% vs. 11%; p=0.048), and/or seizures/abnormal movements (14% vs. 5%; p=0.003). Children with AdV co-detected with other viruses more likely required oxygen support [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 1.91 (95% CI: 1.08, 3.39), P = 0.027] than those with AdV-single detection. Children with AdV-C had higher odds of co-detections with other viruses compared with those with AdV-B [aOR 4.00 (95% CI: 1.91, 8.44), P < 0.001].
CONCLUSION
Clinical differences were identified between AdV-single and AdV co-detected with other viruses, and between AdV-B and AdV-C. Larger studies with AdV typing are needed to determine additional epidemiological and clinical differences between specific AdV species and types.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Humans; Infant; Jordan; Pharynx; Respiratory Tract Infections; Viruses
PubMed: 35315822
DOI: 10.1097/INF.0000000000003423 -
Virology Aug 2022In the adenovirus-infected cells, virus mRNAs are selectively exported to the cytoplasm by virus early gene products to facilitate virus replication. We previously...
In the adenovirus-infected cells, virus mRNAs are selectively exported to the cytoplasm by virus early gene products to facilitate virus replication. We previously showed AU-rich elements (AREs) containing mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm and stabilized in infected cells. Here, we analyzed ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules in the cytoplasm that are involved in mRNA degradation to elucidate the mechanism of ARE-mRNA stabilization in adenovirus infected cells. Our findings showed that processing bodies (PBs) aggregate, then almost all PBs are translocated to aggresomes formed by adenoviral gene products during the late phase of infection. Furthermore, E4orf3 was required for the PBs translocation, and the same domains of E4orf3-mutants required to change the form of promyelocytic leukemia bodies were also needed for PBs translocation. Luciferase activity showed that these domains were critical for miRNA- and ARE-mediated mRNA decay. These findings suggest that adenovirus changes the behavior of PBs to prevent ARE-mRNA downregulation.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Cytoplasm; Humans; Processing Bodies; RNA, Messenger; Viral Proteins; Virus Replication
PubMed: 35779334
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2022.06.009 -
FEBS Letters Jun 2020Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and subsequent escape, adenovirus particles are transported along microtubules. The microtubule motor proteins... (Review)
Review
Following receptor-mediated uptake into endocytic vesicles and subsequent escape, adenovirus particles are transported along microtubules. The microtubule motor proteins dynein and one or more kinesins are involved in this behavior. Dynein is implicated in adenovirus transport toward the nucleus. The kinesin Kif5B has now been found to move the adenovirus (AdV) toward microtubule plus ends, though a kinesin role in adenovirus-induced nuclear pore disruption has also been reported. In undifferentiated cells, dynein-mediated transport predominates early in infection, but motility becomes bidirectional with time. The latter behavior can be modeled as a novel assisted diffusion mechanism, which may allow virus particles to explore the cytoplasm more efficiently. Cytoplasmic dynein and Kif5B have both been found to bind AdV through direct interactions with the capsid proteins hexon and penton base, respectively. We review here the roles of the microtubule motor proteins in AdV infection, the relationship between motor protein recruitment to pathogenic vs. physiological cargoes, the evolutionary origins of microtubule-mediated AdV transport, and a role for the motor proteins in a novel host-defense mechanism.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Animals; Biological Transport; Capsid Proteins; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Cytoplasmic Dyneins; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Kinesins; Virus Internalization
PubMed: 32215924
DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13777 -
Pediatrics and Neonatology Jul 2023Human adenoviruses are the most common pathogens to be isolated from cases of pediatric intussusception. However, the specific clinical characteristics of pediatric... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Human adenoviruses are the most common pathogens to be isolated from cases of pediatric intussusception. However, the specific clinical characteristics of pediatric intussusception associated with adenovirus infection are poorly known.
METHODS
We reviewed the medical records of pediatric patients (≤18 years of age) with intussusception treated between January 2014 and December 2020. We enrolled patients with febrile episodes, 27 with and 29 without adenovirus infections (the latter serving as control group). The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and the diagnoses and management strategies were evaluated.
RESULTS
The adenovirus group exhibited a significantly longer febrile duration (4.3 ± 1.9 vs. 3.3 ± 1.1 days, p = 0.020) than the control group, with an odds ratio (OR) of 5.098 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.223-21.254, p = 0.025). The recurrence rates were 48.1% and 13.8% in the two groups (OR 5.804; 95% CI: 1.585-21.245, p = 0.008). Most adenoviruses were non-enteric (85.2%).
CONCLUSION
Adenovirus-related intussusception is associated with a longer febrile period and a higher rate of intussusception recurrence. It is recommended that patients suspected of adenovirus-related intussusception should be observed for longer than others prior to discharge.
Topics: Humans; Child; Infant; Intussusception; Adenoviridae Infections; Adenoviruses, Human; Risk Factors; Odds Ratio; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 36641360
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedneo.2022.03.024 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Oct 2008The number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency has grown steadily as a result of both a larger number of patients receiving solid organ and hematopoietic stem... (Review)
Review
The number of patients with acquired immunodeficiency has grown steadily as a result of both a larger number of patients receiving solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplants and their longer survival times. The use of newer, more potent immunosuppressive regimens has increased the frequency of severe adenovirus infections. Human adenoviruses are a large group of viruses, represented by at least 52 serotypes with various genotypes divided into genomic clusters, and these may cause a broad variety of clinical manifestations. The development of molecular methods has increased the sensitivity and rapidity of adenovirus infection diagnosis. The implementation of PCR assays has significantly contributed to the identification of patients with disseminated adenovirus disease. More recently, the development of real-time PCR assays has permitted virus quantification and patient follow-up. There is no treatment for adenovirus with demonstrated efficacy, although cidofovir is widely used. Sensitive diagnostic tests for adenovirus can contribute to the early diagnosis and successful treatment of life-threatening adenovirus infections, especially in complex immunocompromised patients. The development of improved adenovirus therapy still remains a challenge. Adenovirus genetic diversity should be considered for diagnosis, typing, and therapeutic interventions.
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host
PubMed: 18854488
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.00052-07 -
The Israel Medical Association Journal... Aug 2016
Topics: Adenoviridae; Adenoviridae Infections; Antiviral Agents; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Male; Meningoencephalitis
PubMed: 28471592
DOI: No ID Found