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Journal of Plastic Surgery and Hand... 2023This national registry-based study compares surgical procedures, demography, and concurrent medical conditions, in internationally adopted and Swedish-born children with...
This national registry-based study compares surgical procedures, demography, and concurrent medical conditions, in internationally adopted and Swedish-born children with cleft lip and/or palate until the age of five years. Data on the cleft type and gender for 331 internationally adopted children and 2064 Swedish-born children born from 2007 to 2018, were extracted from the registry and analyzed. Data on surgical procedures performed in Sweden and concurrent medical conditions and were collected for internationally adopted children and Swedish-born children with unilateral or bilateral cleft, born 2007-2013. A higher prevalence of unilateral and bilateral clefts ( < 0.0001), as well as a predominance of male patients with unilateral clefts ( = 0.0025), were identified among the internationally adopted children compared with children born in Sweden. Differences in the concurrence of other medical conditions in internationally adopted children versus Swedish-born infants were non-significant. Primary palatal surgeries performed in Sweden were significantly delayed for the adopted group. More secondary palatal surgeries such as speech improving surgery and palatal re-repair were needed for internationally adopted children ( < 0.0001) until age five.: The Swedish CLP Registry provided national coverage of the CL/P cohort. Internationally adopted children exhibited a predominance of more severe cleft types, a predominance of males, delayed primary palatal surgery and increased need for secondary surgeries before age five.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Child; Male; Child, Preschool; Female; Cleft Lip; Cleft Palate; Sweden; Registries; Demography
PubMed: 35801393
DOI: 10.1080/2000656X.2022.2097252 -
BMC Geriatrics Mar 2023With the implementation of the 37 years one-child policy, many couples only have one child in China. Chinese parents whose only child died and did not give birth to or...
BACKGROUND
With the implementation of the 37 years one-child policy, many couples only have one child in China. Chinese parents whose only child died and did not give birth to or adopt another child are known as "Shidu" parents or "Shiduer". Characterised by elements of childlessness, bereavement, and ageing, Shiduer are at a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. However, little is known about their loneliness experience. Adopting a life course perspective, this research aims to investigate how loneliness was experienced and coped by older Chinese Shidu parents and identify the most vulnerable groups for policy intervention.
METHODS
Qualitative method was adopted for this study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 27 participants from urban and rural Wuhan, the capital city of Hubei province in central China, to collect data on participants' life course related resources and loneliness experience after bereavement. An abductive approach was used to analyse the data.
RESULTS
The results demonstrate that the social environment (urban/rural), timing of bereavement (midlife/older age), social network (strong/weak), and coping strategies (escape-avoidance/problem-solving) differentiate the experience of loneliness among the Shiduer. Those who lived in rural communities, those bereaved in older age, those who had a weak social network, and those who adopted the escape-avoidance strategy were found vulnerable and suffered from more chronic and intensive loneliness than their counterparts without these characteristics.
CONCLUSION
This study is among the first attempts to examine loneliness experience and coping among older Chinese bereaved parents from a qualitative, life course perspective. It provides insights into how loneliness has been perceived and experienced differently among the bereaved one-child parents in China. The results of the current study provide important implications for policymakers and practitioners/social workers for the intervention of loneliness.
Topics: Humans; Loneliness; East Asian People; Life Course Perspective; Parents; Bereavement
PubMed: 36941536
DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-03865-7 -
SSM - Population Health Dec 2016High uptake of vaccinations is crucial for disease prevention. Although overall uptake of childhood immunisations is high in the United Kingdom (UK), pockets of lower... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
High uptake of vaccinations is crucial for disease prevention. Although overall uptake of childhood immunisations is high in the United Kingdom (UK), pockets of lower uptake remain. Novel systematic methods have not been employed when reviewing the qualitative literature examining parents' vaccination decisions.
AIMS
We aimed to conduct a qualitative systematic review of studies in the UK to understand factors influencing parental decisions to vaccinate a child.
METHODS
On 12/2/14 we searched PsycINFO, MEDLINE, CINAHL plus, Embase, Social Policy and Practice and Web of Science for studies using qualitative methods and reporting reasons why parents in the UK had or had not immunised their child. Participant quotes and authors' interpretations of qualitative data were extracted from the results of articles. Thematic synthesis was used to develop higher-order themes (conducted in 2015).
RESULTS
34 papers were included. Two types of decision-making had been adopted: non-deliberative and deliberative. With non-deliberative decisions parents felt they had no choice, were happy to comply and/or relied on social norms. Deliberative decisions involved weighing up the risks and benefits, considering others' advice/experiences and social judgement. Emotions affected deliberative decision-making. Trust in information and vaccine stakeholders was integral to all decision-making. Practical issues affected those who intended to vaccinate.
CONCLUSIONS
Parents adopted two different approaches to decision-making about childhood vaccinations. By understanding more about the mechanisms underpinning parents' vaccination behaviour, in collaboration with vaccine stakeholders, we can better design interventions to enhance informed uptake.
PubMed: 28018959
DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2016.07.005 -
PloS One 2023Participation in sport is a popular pastime for children and adolescents that improves their physical health, mental health and motor skills. Musculoskeletal injuries...
BACKGROUND
Participation in sport is a popular pastime for children and adolescents that improves their physical health, mental health and motor skills. Musculoskeletal injuries are a relatively common downside of sports participation and can have negative long-term consequences. Injury prevention programmes have demonstrated effectiveness in child and adolescent sports, provided compliance is adequate. However, little is known about the factors which relate to their impact on the wider community and whether the prevention programmes have been adopted and maintained in the long-term. The objective of this review was to assess the current literature on exercise-based injury prevention interventions in child and adolescent sports (aged under 19 years) against the 'Reach', 'Effectiveness', 'Adoption', 'Implementation', 'Maintenance' (RE-AIM) framework and Consensus of Exercise Reporting Template (CERT), to ascertain level of reporting for the components which relate to external validity.
METHODS
Seven electronic databases; PubMed, Medline, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Scopus and The Cochrane Library, were searched from date of inception to July 2022 using the themes of: 'Child and Adolescent', 'Sport', 'Injury' and 'Prevention'. Eligibility criteria included: Experimental trial design, exercise-based intervention programmes, primary outcome of injury incidence and participants aged under 19 years. Two reviewers assessed each trial independently against the RE-AIM model dimension items checklist (RE-AIM MDIC) and Consensus on Exercise Reporting Template (CERT) before reaching a consensus on reporting.
RESULTS
Forty-five unique trials met the eligibility criteria. Mean reporting level for all studies across the whole RE-AIM MDIC was 31% (SD ± 16.2%, Range 7-77%). The domain of 'effectiveness' was the most comprehensively reported (60%), followed by 'implementation' (48%), 'reach' (38%), 'adoption' (26%) and 'maintenance' (7%). The mean reporting score for the CERT was 50% (SD ± 20.8, range 0-81%).
CONCLUSION
Published data on injury prevention in child and adolescent sports is highly focussed on the effectiveness of the intervention, with little consideration given to how it will be adopted and maintained in the long-term. This has led to considerable gaps in knowledge regarding optimal programme implementation, with a lack of data on adoption and maintenance contributing to the gap between research and practice. Future research needs to place greater focus on external validity and consider incorporating the study of implementation and feasibility as part of effectiveness trial design. This approach should provide the data that will help narrow the considerable gap between science and practice.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
PROSPERO Registration number CRD42021272847.
Topics: Adolescent; Humans; Child; Aged; Youth Sports; Consensus; Exercise; Sports; Musculoskeletal Diseases
PubMed: 37478075
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289065 -
Child Abuse & Neglect Jun 2022Although researchers have found an increased risk for psychopathology among maltreated adolescents placed in out-of-home care, different trajectories of psychopathology...
BACKGROUND
Although researchers have found an increased risk for psychopathology among maltreated adolescents placed in out-of-home care, different trajectories of psychopathology by out-of-home placements have not been previously studied.
OBJECTIVE
The current study is built on previous investigation of youth in different long-term out-of-home placements and examined the trajectories of adolescent psychopathology by out-of-home placement classes.
PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING
We leveraged data from the Southwestern site of the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Participants included caregiver-youth dyads (N = 273), who had substantiated reports of child maltreatment (CM) prior to children's age four and were placed in out-of-home care.
METHODS
Five out-of-home placement classes from ages 4 to 12 (i.e., stable adopted, stable reunified, stable kinship care, stable non-kin foster care, and unstable placement) were identified from previous study and participants were interviewed at youth ages 12, 14, and 16 to assess adolescent psychopathology. Latent Growth Curve Analysis was used to examine trajectories of psychopathology by placement classes.
RESULTS
Adolescents in unstable placement and stable adopted classes had higher intercepts and more positive or less negative slopes for psychopathology compared to those in stable kinship care and stable reunified classes.
CONCLUSIONS
Adolescents in unstable placement and stable adopted classes were at similarly elevated risk for psychopathology, whereas adolescents in stable kinship care and stable reunified classes were at lower risk for psychopathology. We discuss the clinical implication to preventing and intervening risks for psychopathology among maltreated youth in unstable and adopted placements.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child Abuse; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Foster Home Care; Home Care Services; Humans; Mental Disorders
PubMed: 35325707
DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105589 -
Sleep Health Oct 2020Sleep is essential for adolescent development. We aimed to investigate sleep patterns and insomnia among internationally adopted adolescents compared with their...
OBJECTIVE
Sleep is essential for adolescent development. We aimed to investigate sleep patterns and insomnia among internationally adopted adolescents compared with their nonadopted peers.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional.
SETTING
Data stem from the population-based youth@hordaland-survey, conducted during winter/spring 2012, in Hordaland, Norway.
PARTICIPANTS
Of the 9846 adolescents who responded to the sleep measures in the youth@hordaland-survey, 44 were identified as international adoptees by linkage to the Central Adoption Registry.
MEASURES
The adolescents provided self-report information on demographic characteristics, mental health problems, and a range of sleep measures.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between the adoptees and nonadopted peers regarding how much time they spent in bed, but the internationally adopted adolescents reported significantly shorter sleep duration, both on weekdays (d=0.37, P = .014) and weekends (d=0.37, P = .015). The difference was due to the adoptees spending longer time awake after sleep onset (d=0.78, P > .001). Furthermore, 32% of the adopted adolescents fulfilled the DMS-5 criteria for insomnia, compared with 18% of their nonadopted peers (odds ratio 2.06, 95% CI: 1.09-3.90). However, this association was no longer significant after adjusting for symptoms of depression. Adolescents adopted after 12 months of age reported more sleep problems than those who were adopted earlier.
CONCLUSION
The short sleep duration and high occurrence of insomnia among the internationally adopted adolescents suggest both a problem area that should receive more focus and a potential avenue for intervention. The results further suggest that assessing both mental health problems and sleep problems among internationally adopted adolescents who are experiencing difficulties could help target interventions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adoption; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Internationality; Male; Norway; Sleep; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 32360020
DOI: 10.1016/j.sleh.2020.02.011 -
Danish Medical Journal Aug 2015Several studies have documented that international adoptees have an increased occurrence of health problems and contacts to the health-care system after arriving to...
INTRODUCTION
Several studies have documented that international adoptees have an increased occurrence of health problems and contacts to the health-care system after arriving to their new country of residence. This may be explained by pre-adoption adversities, especially for the period immediately after adoption. Our study aimed to the assess health-care utilisation of international adoptees in primary and secondary care for somatic and psychiatric diagnoses in a late post-adoption period. Is there an increased use of the health-care system in this period, even when increased morbidity in the group of international adoptees is taken into consideration?
METHODS
This was a Danish register-based cohort study examining health-care utilisation in a multivariable two-part model. The prevalence of selected outcomes and the quantity of use were assessed in a late (year three, four and five) post-adoption period. The cohort comprised internationally adopted children (n = 6,820), adopted between 1994 and 2005, and all non-adopted children (n = 492,374) who could be matched with the adopted children on sex, age, municipality and family constellation at the time of adoption.
RESULTS
International adoption increased the use of all services in primary care, while in secondary care only few areas showed an increased long-term morbidity.
CONCLUSION
International adoptees use medical services in primary care at a higher rate than non-adoptees some years after adoption. Excess use of services in secondary care is also present, but only exists in selected areas.
FUNDING
none.
TRIAL REGISTRATION
not relevant.
Topics: Adoption; Child, Preschool; Denmark; Emigration and Immigration; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Matched-Pair Analysis; Mental Disorders; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Primary Health Care; Registries; Secondary Care
PubMed: 26239586
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Family Psychology : JFP :... Feb 2019Although there is an extensive research literature examining the change in relationship quality of birth parents during the transition to parenthood, there is...
Although there is an extensive research literature examining the change in relationship quality of birth parents during the transition to parenthood, there is comparatively less work on how the relationship of adoptive parents fares from pre- to postplacement of the adopted child. In the current study, we examine the relationship quality (global satisfaction, feelings of love, feelings of ambivalence) of 127 adoptive parents across the transition from preplacement to approximately 6 months postplacement of the adopted child. Following the vulnerability-stress-adaptation (VSA) model of marital quality and stability, we examined various intrapersonal vulnerability factors, couple adaptive processes, and stressful factors primarily related to the adoption process as predictors of relationship quality across 3 waves (4 to 6 weeks prior to placement of the adopted child, 4 to 6 weeks postplacement of the adopted child in the home, and 5 to 6 months post-postplacement). Results indicated that, in general, relationship satisfaction and feelings of love decreased, and relationship ambivalence increased, from pre- to postplacement across the sample. Significant predictors of greater relationship satisfaction, regardless of time, included higher self-esteem, greater relationship maintenance, a better sexual relationship, and more partner support; love was significantly predicted by greater maintenance and sexual relationship, lower conflict, and a history of infertility; and higher conflict significantly predicted higher ambivalence. Our findings suggest that, in general, adaptive processes between couples are the most consistent predictors of marital quality over the transition to parenthood in adoptive parents. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adoption; Adult; Child; Female; Humans; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Parents; Personal Satisfaction; Spouses; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 30570280
DOI: 10.1037/fam0000456 -
Nutrients Jan 2021Since 1955, international adoption has been a way of finding homes for children who have been orphaned or abandoned. We aimed to describe the nutritional status of... (Review)
Review
Since 1955, international adoption has been a way of finding homes for children who have been orphaned or abandoned. We aimed to describe the nutritional status of individuals adopted internationally and their long-term nutritional and health outcomes. We searched four databases for articles published from January 1995 to June 2020, which included information on anthropometric or micronutrient status of children adopted internationally (CAI). Mean Z-scores on arrival to adoptive country ranged from -2.04 to -0.31 for weight for age; -0.94 to 0.39 for weight for height; -0.7 to 0 for body mass index; -1.89 to -0.03 for height for age; -1.43 to 0.80 for head circumference for age. Older children, those adopted from institutionalized care or with underlying disability, were more likely to be malnourished. Though long-term data was scarce, mean Z-scores post-adoption ranged from -0.59 to 0.53 for weight for age; -0.31 to 1.04 for weight for height; 0.39 to 1.04 for body mass index; -1.09 to 0.58 for height for age; -0.06 to 1.23 for head circumference for age. We conclude that though CAI are at high risk of malnutrition at baseline, marked catch-up growth is possible, including for those older than two years of age on arrival. This has implications not only for CAI but for the wider population of malnourished children worldwide. Research on how to optimize catch-up growth is a priority.
Topics: Adolescent; Adoption; Age Factors; Body Constitution; Child; Child Development; Child Nutrition Disorders; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Child, Adopted; Child, Preschool; Databases as Topic; Female; Humans; Infant; Internationality; Male; Nutritional Status; Time Factors
PubMed: 33467102
DOI: 10.3390/nu13010245 -
Iranian Journal of Public Health 2012Ethiopia's childhood mortality has continued to decline although at a swift pace. The drop in urban childhood mortality decline, duration of breastfeeding is the...
Ethiopia's childhood mortality has continued to decline although at a swift pace. The drop in urban childhood mortality decline, duration of breastfeeding is the principle reason for the overall decline in mortality trends in Ethiopia. Data from the Ethiopian Demographic and Health Surveys 2000 and 2005 were used. Indirect estimation of Brass and Trussell's methods were adopted. Selected demographic and socio-economic variables were included in the analysis with statistically significant effects. Findings clearly show neonatal and post neonatal mortality decline gradually. Even though, Ethiopia's childhood mortality rates are still high. The result shows less than 2 years birth interval have higher infant mortality rates than higher birth interval (113 deaths per 1000). The proper spacing of births allows more time for childcare to make more maternal resources available for the care of the child and mother. Therefore, further research is urgent for regional level and national level investigation.
PubMed: 23113145
DOI: No ID Found