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Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020The use of nutraceuticals during cancer treatment is a long-lasting debate. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid extracted from a variety of medicinal... (Review)
Review
The use of nutraceuticals during cancer treatment is a long-lasting debate. Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline quaternary alkaloid extracted from a variety of medicinal plants. BBR has been shown to have therapeutic effects in different pathologies, particularly in cancer, where it affects pathways involved in tumor progression. In neuroblastoma, the most common extracranial childhood solid tumor, BBR, reduces tumor growth by regulating both stemness and differentiation features and by inducing apoptosis. At the same time, the inhibition of -adrenergic signaling leads to a reduction in growth and increase of differentiation of neuroblastoma. In this review, we summarize the possible beneficial effects of BBR in counteracting tumor growth and progression in various types of cancer and, in particular, in neuroblastoma. However, BBR administration, besides its numerous beneficial effects, presents a few side effects due to inhibition of MAO A enzyme in neuroblastoma cells. Therefore, herein, we proposed a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome side effects of BBR administration consisting of concomitant administration of BBR together with -blockers in neuroblastoma.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Berberine; Brain Neoplasms; Cell Proliferation; Dietary Supplements; Disease Progression; Humans; Neuroblastoma
PubMed: 32855766
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7534693 -
Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine 1991Adrenergic receptors have been separated into alpha and beta groups, which have then been further subdivided. Agents have been developed that block each type of receptor... (Review)
Review
Adrenergic receptors have been separated into alpha and beta groups, which have then been further subdivided. Agents have been developed that block each type of receptor with varying degrees of specificity between the sub-types, leading to differences in pharmacodynamic profile. A more recent innovation has been the development of multiple action beta-blocking drugs, ie, those not only blocking the beta receptors but also possessing a peripheral vasodilator effect that may be due to alpha blockade, beta-2 stimulation, or a vasodilator action independent of either alpha or beta receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Humans
PubMed: 1679681
DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.58.4.337 -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Dec 2013Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States and is often accompanied by one or more comorbid conditions. While... (Review)
Review
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death in the United States and is often accompanied by one or more comorbid conditions. While there are established morbidity and mortality benefits of β-blocker (BB) use for certain cardiovascular conditions, data suggest that clinicians are often reluctant to prescribe them in the presence of COPD because of concerns for bronchoconstriction, despite evidence that they are typically well-tolerated among these patients. Treatment guidelines for COPD are consistent with those for cardiovascular disease management and support the role of BBs in management of particular cardiovascular conditions, even in the presence of severe COPD. Adherence to these guidelines could result in significant decreases in morbidity and mortality among patients with COPD. Additionally, current treatments for COPD are often linked to increased cardiovascular disease events. Further study is needed to clarify and guide therapeutic management in patients with COPD.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Morbidity; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive
PubMed: 24102872
DOI: 10.1111/jch.12204 -
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) 2007Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs are used in the treatment of hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, migraine headache,... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
Beta-adrenergic receptor blocking drugs are used in the treatment of hypertension, angina, myocardial infarction, cardiac dysrhythmia, cardiomyopathy, migraine headache, thyrotoxicosis, and glaucoma. beta-adrenergic receptor blocking agents are competitive antagonist at beta(1), beta(2), or both types of adrenergic receptors. Overdoses of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers are uncommon, but are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This review article discusses the properties of beta-adrenergic receptor blockers, presents the doses of these drugs causing toxicity and doses, after ingestion of which, referral to an emergency department is recommended. Clinical presentation of overdose (the cardiovascular, neurologic manifestations, pulmonary and other complications), diagnosis, and treatment (gastrointestinal decontamination; the usage of atropine, phosphodiesterase inhibitors, glucagon, insulin; indications for cardiac pacing, extracorporeal procedures of drug removal, etc.) are analyzed. In addition, this article focuses on clinical course and prognosis of beta-blocker overdose.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Emergencies; Hospitalization; Humans; Intensive Care Units; Prognosis; Time Factors
PubMed: 17768375
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology Jan 1997A partial beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) agonist will exhibit opposite agonist and antagonist activity depending on the prevailing degree of adrenergic tone or the presence... (Review)
Review
A partial beta-adrenoceptor (beta-AR) agonist will exhibit opposite agonist and antagonist activity depending on the prevailing degree of adrenergic tone or the presence of a beta-AR agonist with higher intrinsic activity. In vivo partial beta-AR agonist activity will be evident at rest with low endogenous adrenergic tone, as for example with chronotropicity (beta 1/beta 2), inotropicity (beta 1) or peripheral vasodilatation and finger tremor (beta 2). beta-AR blocking drugs which have partial agonist activity may exhibit a better therapeutic profile when used for hypertension because of maintained cardiac output without increased systemic vascular resistance, along with an improved lipid profile. In the presence of raised endogenous adrenergic tone such as exercise or an exogenous full agonist, beta-AR subtype antagonist activity will become evident in terms of effects on exercise induced heart rate (beta 1) and potassium (beta 2) responses. Reduction of exercise heart rate will occur to a lesser degree in the case of a beta-adrenoceptor blocker with partial beta 1-AR agonist activity compared with a beta-adrenoceptor blocker devoid of partial agonist activity. This may result in reduced therapeutic efficacy in the treatment of angina on effort when using beta-AR blocking drugs with partial beta 1-AR agonist activity. Effects on exercise hyperkalaemia are determined by the balance between beta 2-AR partial agonist activity and endogenous adrenergic activity. For predominantly beta 2-AR agonist such as salmeterol and salbutamol, potentiation of exercise hyperkalaemia occurs. For predominantly beta 2-AR antagonists such as carteolol, either potentiation or attenuation of exercise hyperkalaemia occurs at low and high doses respectively. beta 2-AR partial agonist activity may also be expressed as antagonism in the presence of an exogenous full agonist, as for example attenuation of fenoterol induced responses by salmeterol. Studies are required to investigate whether this phenomenon is relevant in the setting of acute severe asthma.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Airway Resistance; Animals; Asthma; Cardiovascular Diseases; Exercise; Hemodynamics; Humans
PubMed: 9056046
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.1997.tb00025.x -
Journal of Clinical Hypertension... Jul 2005Randomized controlled clinical trials document that beta blockers reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly sudden death, in patients with... (Review)
Review
Randomized controlled clinical trials document that beta blockers reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly sudden death, in patients with hypertension, heart failure, and post-myocardial infarction. The benefits of beta blockers extend across the boundaries of age, gender, and ethnicity, and include diabetic patients with heart failure and/or previous myocardial infarction. Unfortunately, beta blockers remain underutilized in many high-risk patients who would likely benefit from their use. This paper reviews the protective role of beta blockade in the primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular events and examines some of the potential barriers to appropriate beta blocker use in patients with compelling indications.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Evidence-Based Medicine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sympathetic Nervous System
PubMed: 16015051
DOI: 10.1111/j.1524-6175.2005.04486.x -
Henry Ford Hospital Medical Journal 1991Beta-adrenergic blocking agents have been widely used in ischemic heart disease. They have achieved their greatest benefit in the secondary prevention of recurrent... (Review)
Review
Beta-adrenergic blocking agents have been widely used in ischemic heart disease. They have achieved their greatest benefit in the secondary prevention of recurrent events in patients following acute myocardial infarction (MI). This is a review of the major clinical investigations exploring the effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in patients following acute MI and in a variety of patient subsets. These data indicate that the routine use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents in postinfarction patients results in a 25% to 35% decrease in mortality and has increased relative and absolute benefit in patients with ventricular ectopy and left ventricular dysfunction. The adverse effects of beta-adrenergic blocking agents are discussed which indicate that these drugs are well tolerated with little or no side effects. This review supports the observation that beta-adrenergic blocking agents have an important role in the treatment of patients following an acute MI, with the exclusion of those with chronic lung disease and severe left ventricular dysfunction.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Humans; Myocardial Infarction; Recurrence; Ventricular Function, Left
PubMed: 1687143
DOI: No ID Found -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... May 1987Beta-blocker therapy is associated with an increase in the severity and, possibly, the incidence of acute anaphylaxis. The population at risk consists of people with... (Review)
Review
Beta-blocker therapy is associated with an increase in the severity and, possibly, the incidence of acute anaphylaxis. The population at risk consists of people with allergic conditions who are given a beta-blocker for an unrelated condition. Anaphylaxis under these conditions may be severe, protracted and resistant to conventional treatment because of the beta-adrenergic blockade. Severe or fatal attacks have been triggered by insect stings, the ingestion of allergenic foods or drugs, and injections of radiocontrast media, antisera or immunotherapy antigens. These occurrences are probably infrequent, but their incidence is unknown. At least two fatal cases have recently occurred in Canada. Clinical allergists, internists and family practitioners in particular should be aware of the need for aggressive and prolonged support in patients who experience anaphylaxis while receiving beta-blocker therapy and should report all such occurrences to the federal registry of adverse drug reactions. Allergy skin testing or immunotherapy is inadvisable in patients who take a beta-blocker orally or in the form of ophthalmic eyedrops. The list of relative contraindications to beta-blocker use should be extended to include susceptibility to recurrent anaphylaxis, whether it is idiopathic or due to an identifiable cause.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anaphylaxis; Drug Interactions; Humans; Risk
PubMed: 2882832
DOI: No ID Found -
American Family Physician Jun 2020
Review
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Age Factors; Aged, 80 and over; Anticoagulants; Atrial Fibrillation; Clinical Decision-Making; Electrocardiography; Factor Xa Inhibitors; Humans; Male; Risk Factors
PubMed: 32538593
DOI: No ID Found -
British Journal of Anaesthesia Jan 2002This review focuses on the mechanisms and sites of action underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism in perioperative medicine. A large body of knowledge has recently emerged... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the mechanisms and sites of action underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism in perioperative medicine. A large body of knowledge has recently emerged from basic and clinical research concerning the mechanisms of the life-saving effects of beta-adrenergic antagonists (beta-AAs) in high-risk cardiac patients. This article re-emphasizes the mechanisms underlying beta-adrenergic antagonism and also illuminates novel rationales behind the use of perioperative beta-AAs from a biological point of view. Particularly, it delineates new concepts of beta-adrenergic signal transduction emerging from transgenic animal models. The role of the different characteristics of various beta-AAs is discussed, and evidence will be presented for the selection of one specific agent over another on the basis of individual drug profiles in defined clinical situations. The salutary effects of beta-AAs on the cardiovascular system will be described at the cellular and molecular levels. Beta-AAs exhibit many effects beyond a reduction in heart rate, which are less known by perioperative physicians but equally desirable in the perioperative care of high-risk cardiac patients. These include effects on core components of an anaesthetic regimen, such as analgesia, hypnosis, and memory function. Despite overwhelming evidence of benefit, beta-AAs are currently under-utilized in the perioperative period because of concerns of potential adverse effects and toxicity. The effects of acute administration of beta-AAs on cardiac function in the compromised patient and strategies to counteract potential adverse effects will be discussed in detail. This may help to overcome barriers to the initiation of perioperative treatment with beta-AAs in a larger number of high-risk cardiac patients undergoing surgery.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Animals; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Disease Models, Animal; Heart; Humans; Perioperative Care; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta
PubMed: 11881864
DOI: 10.1093/bja/88.1.101