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Memorias Do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Oct 2002The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on a freeze-dried antigen and the rK39 dipstick test were evaluated for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The direct agglutination test (DAT) based on a freeze-dried antigen and the rK39 dipstick test were evaluated for the sero-diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL). The sensitivity and specificity of both tests were determined using sera from confirmed VL patients (n = 21), healthy controls (n = 19) and from patients with other confirmed infectious diseases (n = 42). The DAT had a sensitivity and a specificity of 100%. The rK39 had a sensitivity of 85.7% and a specificity of 82%. Both tests were also used to screen blood samples of confirmed VL patients (n = 15) and serum samples of VL suspects (n = 61). The DAT found all blood samples of confirmed VL patients positive and tested 98.4% of the serum samples of the VL suspects positive. In contrast, rK39 detected in 9/15 blood samples (60%) antibodies against Leishmania chagasi and found 85.3% of the serum samples of the suspected patients positive. Although the rK39 dipstick is more rapid and user friendlier than the DAT, the latter has a superior sensitivity and specificity. Furthermore, the reagents used for DAT do not require cold storage, whereas the buffer of the rK39 must be stored at 4oC. Therefore, the DAT is the most suitable test for the sero-diagnosis of VL under field conditions.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Protozoan; Antigens, Protozoan; Case-Control Studies; Freeze Drying; Humans; Leishmania donovani; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Protozoan Proteins; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 12471430
DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762002000700015 -
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Feb 2023This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the standard agglutination test (SAT), the Brucellacapt test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in clinical...
BACKGROUND
This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of the standard agglutination test (SAT), the Brucellacapt test and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in clinical specimens collected from patients with suspected brucellosis.
METHODS
A prospective study was conducted from December 2020 to December 2021. Brucellosis was diagnosed on the basis of clinical evidence, and confirmed by isolation of Brucella or a four-fold rise in SAT titer. All samples were tested by the SAT, ELISA and the Brucellacapt test. Titers ≥1:100 were considered as SAT positive; ELISA was considered positive when an index greater than 11 was detected, while titers ≥1/160 indicated positivity on the Brucellacapt test. The specificity, sensitivity, and positive (PPVs) and negative predictive values (NPVs) of the three different methods were calculated.
RESULTS
A total of 149 samples were collected from patients with suspected brucellosis. The sensitivities for the SAT, IgG, and IgM detection were 74.42%, 88.37% and 74.42%, respectively. The specificities were 95.24%, 93.65%, and 88.89%, respectively. The simultaneous measurement of IgG and IgM improved the sensitivity (98.84%) but reduced the specificity (84.13%) compared to each antibody test separately. The Brucellacapt test had excellent specificity (100%) and a high PPV (100%); however, the sensitivity and NPV were 88.37% and 86.30%, respectively. The combination of IgG detection by ELISA and the Brucellacapt test had excellent diagnostic performance, with 98.84% sensitivity and 93.65% specificity.
CONCLUSION
This study showed that the simultaneous performance of IgG detection by ELISA and the Brucellacapt test has the potential to overcome the current limitations of detection.
Topics: Humans; Prospective Studies; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucellosis; Agglutination Tests; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Immunoglobulin G; Immunoglobulin M; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36802393
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011131 -
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica Feb 2012The aim of this study was to compare a gel-based test with the traditional direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare a gel-based test with the traditional direct agglutination test (DAT) for the diagnosis of immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia (IMHA).
METHODS
Canine (n = 247) and feline (n = 74) blood samples were submitted for DAT testing to two laboratories. A subset of canine samples was categorized as having idiopathic IMHA, secondary IMHA, or no IMHA.
RESULTS
The kappa values for agreement between the tests were in one laboratory 0.86 for canine and 0.58 for feline samples, and in the other 0.48 for canine samples. The lower agreement in the second laboratory was caused by a high number of positive canine DATs for which the gel test was negative. This group included significantly more dogs with secondary IMHA.
CONCLUSIONS
The gel test might be used as a screening test for idiopathic IMHA and is less often positive in secondary IMHA than the DAT.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Gels
PubMed: 22316049
DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-54-10 -
Journal of Infection and Public Health Mar 2023Aim to investigate the brucella culture characteristics, diagnosis methods, and clinical characteristics, to provide the laboratory with diagnostic methods and...
OBJECTIVE
Aim to investigate the brucella culture characteristics, diagnosis methods, and clinical characteristics, to provide the laboratory with diagnostic methods and prevention and treatment for brucellosis.
METHODS
Data of 328 cases of brucellosis from 2012 to 2022 was analyzed, retrospectively. The bacterial culture characteristics, the clinical diagnostic methods, and the complications were analyzed respectively. The infection biomarkers of the brucellosis were analyzed by Receiver operating characteristic curve ROC.
RESULTS
Among the 328 brucellosis, 78.96 % of cases were men, the median age of the patients was (45.21±13.49) years and the annual incidence in our region was 67/100 000 per year. The diagnostic methods included pathogenic bacteria culture, serological diagnosis, and suspect case were 24.39 %, 47.56 %, and 28.05 %, respectively, sensitivity of combined detection Standard agglutination test (SAT) and the Rose Bengal test (RBT) is 96.2 %. In our work, 80 cases of brucellosis were diagnosed by a bacterial culture which were been identified as Brucella melitensis, blood culture was the main method (78.75 %) and the average positive alarm time was 80.74 (21.6-129) h and all of them were detected in aerobic bottles, followed by synovial fluid, bone marrow, lumbar spine, and joint tissue, puncture fluid and ascites culture which were 6.25 %, 3.75 %, 5.00 %, 5.00 % and 1.25 % respectively. The brucellosis with complications was lumbar spine lesions at 41.46 % cervical spine lesions at 4.60 % and knee joint lesions at 12.8 % and another osteoarthritis. The in-hospital mortality rate of the patients was 0.91 % and all of them were meningitis patients. ROC analysis indicated CRP had high sensitivity and specificity for brucellosis, and when CRP was 1.23mg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity were 0.727 and 0.718 respectively, and the U test also indicated CRP had a significant difference, Z=5.054, p <0.001.
CONCLUSIONS
Brucellosis is frequently morbidity in 40 + age men, which has been diagnosed by aerobic blood culture, generally bacterial culture, RBT and SAT, epidemiological, and commonly with complications of spine and arthropathy.
Topics: Adult; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Agglutination Tests; Antibodies, Bacterial; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Retrospective Studies; Rose Bengal; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36641837
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.002 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Aug 1995The diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants requires the use of more than one serological test. The complement fixation test (CFT), the rose bengal test... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
The diagnosis of brucellosis in cattle and small ruminants requires the use of more than one serological test. The complement fixation test (CFT), the rose bengal test (RBT), and the serum agglutination test (SAT) are among the most useful tests for routine diagnosis. The microagglutination test (MAT) was developed as a simpler and more efficient test than the SAT. The relative efficacy of this test compared with that of the SAT was evaluated by using brucella-free sheep and goats prior to and after vaccination treatment. The specificities of the MAT and the SAT were 100%. Of the ewes and goats with a vaccination history, one ewe, expectedly a negative responder, had reactions in the MAT, the complement fixation test, and the rose bengal test but not in the SAT, suggesting a lower sensitivity of the SAT in this case. The calculated sensitivities of the MAT and the SAT were 93.9%. The agreement between MAT and SAT results from nonresponders was examined by using sera from unvaccinated lambs and kids (95.2% agreement), unvaccinated ewes and goats (84.4%), and ewes and goats with a vaccination history (43.9%). For the latter group higher levels of agglutination units were observed by the MAT than by the SAT in 51.5% of the samples. In testing sera from positive reactors after vaccination neither method was superior (MAT values were greater than SAT values for 23.5% of the samples, and MAT values were less than SAT values for 21.9% of the samples). Comparison of the methods on the individual sample level revealed a significant correlation between the MAT and the SAT (r = 0.96 +/- 0.005; P < 0.001). Since the MAT is simpler to perform than the SAT and can potentially be automated, the inclusion of the MAT as a supplementary test in brucellosis control programs is recommended.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bacterial Vaccines; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Complement Fixation Tests; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Rose Bengal; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 7559970
DOI: 10.1128/jcm.33.8.2166-2170.1995 -
African Health Sciences Dec 2014Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection, was most widely diagnosed by the Brucella standard serum agglutination test (SAT). No previous publication has demonstrated a...
BACKGROUND
Brucellosis, a zoonotic infection, was most widely diagnosed by the Brucella standard serum agglutination test (SAT). No previous publication has demonstrated a correlation between the degree of Brucella SAT agglutination positivity and the severity of brucellosis infection.
OBJECTIVE
To contribute to the clarification of the relationship between patelets and brucellosis. It is also aimed at evaluating the usefulness of the SAT titer as a measure of brucellosis severity.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
We compared the control (n=60) and patients (n=96) groups in terms of mean platelet volume (MPV), C-reactive protein (CRP) and platelet values. Patients were grouped according to their degree of agglutination positivity titers and compared by means of CRP, MPV and platelet values. We also investigated the relationship among logarithmic values of MPV, platelet and CRP parameters for each group.
RESULTS
Although statistically meaningful difference was observed between control and patients group in terms of MPV and platelet value, there were no statistically significant differences observed among patients groups. The physiological negative correlation between MPV and platelet count was not encountered in group 2 and 3. Logarithmic values of CRP were not correlated with logarithmic values of MPV and platelet counts.
CONCLUSION
The MPV could be a new parameter to evaluate hematologic abnormalities in patients with brucellosis. The SAT titer was not a useful measure for evaluation of the severity of brucellosis.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Bacteremia; Blood Sedimentation; Brucella; Brucellosis; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Mean Platelet Volume; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Retrospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 25834485
DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v14i4.4 -
Revista Da Associacao Medica Brasileira... Sep 2022Positive results of the serum tube agglutination test that persist after treatment may be interpreted by clinicians as treatment failures. Therefore, our study examined...
OBJECTIVE
Positive results of the serum tube agglutination test that persist after treatment may be interpreted by clinicians as treatment failures. Therefore, our study examined the value of serum tube agglutination test in demonstrating treatment success.
METHODS
In this retrospective study conducted at a single center, the pre- and post-treatment serum tube agglutination test titers of patients diagnosed with brucellosis were compared.
RESULTS
The end-of-treatment serum tube agglutination test titer was negative in 24 (18%) of 139 patients diagnosed with brucellosis. The most common complaints of the patients were fever (78.4%), chills (88.5%), sweating (84.9%), anorexia (79.1%), and arthralgia (63.3%). The rate of positive blood culture before the treatment was 68.3%. The absence of fever (p=0.005) and arthralgia (p=0.024) and the pretreatment serum tube agglutination test titer of <1/160 (p=0.014) were significant markers of serological cure.
CONCLUSION
Although serum tube agglutination test is an effective and very successful test in the diagnosis of brucellosis, our study shows that serum tube agglutination test is not useful in demonstrating the treatment success of human brucellosis in the early post-treatment period.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Arthralgia; Brucellosis; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 36228254
DOI: 10.1590/1806-9282.20220269 -
Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 1993Coagglutination test was compared with commercially available latex agglutination test (Rotalex kit) for detection of rota virus in faecal samples from clinically...
Coagglutination test was compared with commercially available latex agglutination test (Rotalex kit) for detection of rota virus in faecal samples from clinically suspected cases of viral gastroenteritis. Out of 80 test samples 16 (20%) and 20 (25.3%) were positive for rota virus antigen by Rotalex kit and coagglutination test respectively. All the 40 controls were negative for viral antigen by Rotalex kit and only one gave positive result by coagglutination test. Coagglutination test was found to be economical, sensitive and specific for screening and rapid diagnosis of Rota virus diarrhoea.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Child; Child, Preschool; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastroenteritis; Humans; Infant; Latex Fixation Tests; Male; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Rotavirus; Rotavirus Infections
PubMed: 8051640
DOI: No ID Found -
The American Journal of Tropical... May 2012In areas where visceral leishmaniasis is anthroponotic, asymptomatically infected patients may play a role in transmission. Additionally, the number of asymptomatic...
Usefulness of the rK39-immunochromatographic test, direct agglutination test, and leishmanin skin test for detecting asymptomatic Leishmania infection in children in a new visceral leishmaniasis focus in Amhara State, Ethiopia.
In areas where visceral leishmaniasis is anthroponotic, asymptomatically infected patients may play a role in transmission. Additionally, the number of asymptomatic patients in a disease-endemic area will also provide information on transmission dynamics. Libo Kemkem and Fogera districts (Amhara State, Ethiopia) are now considered newly established areas to which visceral leishmaniasis is endemic. In selected villages in these districts, we conducted a study to assess the usefulness of different approaches to estimate the asymptomatic infection rate. Of 605 participants, the rK39 immunochromatographic test was able to detect asymptomatic infection in 1.5% (9 of 605), direct agglutination test in 5.3% (32 of 605), and leishmanin skin test in 5.6% (33 of 589); the combined use of serologic methods and leishmanin skin test enabled detecting asymptomatic infection in 10.1% (61 of 605). We conclude that the best option to detect asymptomatic infection in this new visceral leishmaniasis-endemic focus is the combined use of the direct agglutination test and the leishmanin skin test.
Topics: Adolescent; Agglutination Tests; Antigens, Protozoan; Asymptomatic Infections; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Affinity; Endemic Diseases; Ethiopia; Female; Humans; Leishmania; Leishmaniasis, Visceral; Male; Skin Tests
PubMed: 22556076
DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.2012.11-0196 -
Preventive Veterinary Medicine Jun 2013The true prevalence of brucellosis and diagnostic test characteristics of three conditionally dependent serological tests were estimated using the Bayesian approach in...
Bayesian estimation of true prevalence, sensitivity and specificity of indirect ELISA, Rose Bengal Test and Slow Agglutination Test for the diagnosis of brucellosis in sheep and goats in Bangladesh.
The true prevalence of brucellosis and diagnostic test characteristics of three conditionally dependent serological tests were estimated using the Bayesian approach in goats and sheep populations of Bangladesh. Serum samples from a random selection of 636 goats and 1044 sheep were tested in parallel by indirect ELISA (iELISA), Rose Bengal Test (RBT) and Slow Agglutination Test (SAT). The true prevalence of brucellosis in goats and sheep were estimated as 1% (95% credibility interval (CrI): 0.7-1.8) and 1.2% (95% CrI: 0.6-2.2) respectively. The sensitivity of iELISA was 92.9% in goats and 92.0% in sheep with corresponding specificities of 96.5% and 99.5% respectively. The sensitivity and specificity estimates of RBT were 80.2% and 99.6% in goats and 82.8% and 98.3% in sheep. The sensitivity and specificity of SAT were 57.1% and 99.3% in goats and 72.0% and 98.6% in sheep. In this study, three conditionally dependent serological tests for the diagnosis of small ruminant brucellosis in Bangladesh were validated. Considerable conditional dependence between IELISA and RBT and between RBT and SAT was observed among sheep. The influence of the priors on the model fit and estimated parameter values was checked using sensitivity analysis. In multiple test validation, conditional dependence should not be ignored when the tests are in fact conditionally dependent.
Topics: Agglutination Tests; Animals; Antibodies, Bacterial; Bangladesh; Bayes Theorem; Brucella abortus; Brucella melitensis; Brucellosis; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Goat Diseases; Goats; Immunoglobulins; Prevalence; Rose Bengal; Sensitivity and Specificity; Serologic Tests; Sheep; Sheep Diseases
PubMed: 23276401
DOI: 10.1016/j.prevetmed.2012.11.029