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BMC Infectious Diseases May 2022The bacterial genus Aggregatibacter was categorized in 2006 to accommodate the former Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and H. segnis...
BACKGROUND
The bacterial genus Aggregatibacter was categorized in 2006 to accommodate the former Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and H. segnis species. Aggregatibacter kilianii is a normal resident of the human upper respiratory tract but can also cause serious infections. A. kilianii is relatively newly identified and has been isolated from conjunctivitis, wounds, abdominal abscesses, and blood.
CASE PRESENTATION
An 80-year-old female patient with distal common bile duct cancer was admitted to our hospital with sudden loss of consciousness and general weakness, fever, and abdominal pain for 3 days. Two colonial morphologies were isolated from both the blood and bile cultures; one was identified as Streptococcus constellatus subsp. pharyngis, but the other was not recognized by Vitek2 and MALDI-TOF. The 16 S rRNA sequences showed 99.73% similarity with the sequence of A. kilianii strains.
CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION
This article presents the first case of a clinical isolate of A. kilianii outside Europe. This case is also the first of the antimicrobial profile of this strain. This report highlights the importance of proper molecular identification for timely diagnosis and treatment of disease.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aggregatibacter; Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Female; Humans; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35619055
DOI: 10.1186/s12879-022-07471-7 -
Infection and Drug Resistance 2024The HACEK group comprises spp., , , , and , are Gram-negative bacteria that are slow-growing and fastidious. These organisms are common causes of...
BACKGROUND
The HACEK group comprises spp., , , , and , are Gram-negative bacteria that are slow-growing and fastidious. These organisms are common causes of culture-negative endocarditis. However, brain abscesses caused by and have been rarely reported. The case we describe, which was promptly identified and successfully treated, will be meaningful for the diagnosis and treatment of such infectious diseases.
CASE PRESENTATION
Herein, we report a case of brain abscess in a young man who was infected with and . The patient was admitted to the hospital with sudden onset of vomiting, coma, and fever. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the brain and cerebrospinal fluid cell counts suggested cerebral abscess, he underwent drainage of the abscess and empirical antimicrobial therapy of meropenem (2 g every 8 hours) and linezolid (0.6 g every 12 hours) for more than 10 days without significant improvement. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) of drainage fluid and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) detection for isolated bacteria from samples suggested the presence of and . After 7 weeks of ceftriaxone (2 g every 12 hours) and meropenem (2 g every 8 hours) intravenously, the patient was discharged with a normal temperature and brain MRI showed improvement of the lesion.
CONCLUSION
Similar cases reported in previous studies were always associated with bacterial blood dissemination after dental surgery or myocarditis; however, the patient in our case had no any associated risk factors. As far as we know, this is the only case of central nervous system infection caused by and that has utilized combined mNGS and MALDI-TOF MS in the diagnosis.
PubMed: 38628241
DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S458020 -
Journal of Microbiology, Immunology,... Oct 2012Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (formerly Haemophilus aphrophilus/paraphrophilus) is a small Gram-negative coccobacillus with fastidious growth requirements. It is a normal...
Aggregatibacter aphrophilus (formerly Haemophilus aphrophilus/paraphrophilus) is a small Gram-negative coccobacillus with fastidious growth requirements. It is a normal commensal of the human oropharynx and upper respiratory tract, and it can infrequently cause invasive human diseases, including bone and joint infections and subacute infective endocarditis. Cases of liver abscess caused by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus have been sparsely recorded in the English-language literature, but have not yet been reported in Taiwan. Here we present a case of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus pyogenic liver abscess in an immunocompetent young woman. She recovered uneventfully after repeated percutaneous abscess aspiration and antibiotic treatment for 5 weeks.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Female; Humans; Liver; Liver Abscess, Pyogenic; Pasteurellaceae; Pasteurellaceae Infections; Radiography, Abdominal; Suction; Taiwan; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Outcome; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 22622257
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2011.12.004 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2020Asymptomatic oropharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis peaks in adolescence and young adulthood. Following a meningococcal disease outbreak at a U.S. college, we...
Asymptomatic oropharyngeal carriage of Neisseria meningitidis peaks in adolescence and young adulthood. Following a meningococcal disease outbreak at a U.S. college, we profiled the oropharyngeal microbiomes of 158 students to identify associations between bacterial community composition and meningococcal carriage or risk factors for carriage, including male gender, smoking, and frequent social mixing. Metagenomic shotgun sequencing identified 268 bacterial taxa at the genus or species level, with Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Rothia species being most abundant. Microbiome composition showed weak associations with meningococcal carriage and risk factors for carriage. N. meningitidis abundance was positively correlated with that of Fusobacterium nucleatum, consistent with hypothesized propionic acid cross-feeding. Additional species had positive abundance correlations with N. meningitidis, including Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Campylobacter rectus, Catonella morbi, Haemophilus haemolyticus, and Parvimonas micra. N. meningitidis abundance was negatively correlated with unidentified Veillonella species. Several of these species are commonly found in dental plaque, while N. meningitidis is primarily found in the pharynx, suggesting that ecological interactions extend throughout the oral cavity. Although risk factors for meningococcal carriage do not strongly impact most bacterial species in the oropharynx, variation in the upper respiratory tract microbiome may create conditions that are more or less favorable for N. meningitidis carriage.
Topics: Adolescent; Carrier State; Disease Outbreaks; Female; Humans; Male; Meningitis, Meningococcal; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Neisseria meningitidis; Oropharynx; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Social Behavior; Streptococcus; Students; Universities; Veillonella; Young Adult
PubMed: 31959912
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-57450-8 -
Anales de Pediatria Jul 2019Pyogenic sacroiliitis (PSI) is a rare condition that amounts to 1% to 2% of all joint infections in the paediatric age group. Its diagnosis is often difficult and...
INTRODUCTION
Pyogenic sacroiliitis (PSI) is a rare condition that amounts to 1% to 2% of all joint infections in the paediatric age group. Its diagnosis is often difficult and delayed due to its nonspecific signs, symptoms and physical findings. Also, the identification of the causative microorganism is frequently challenging due to a high proportion of negative blood cultures and the risks involved in joint aspiration in this site.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
We performed a retrospective review of the health records of all patients aged less than 18 years admitted to a tertiary children's hospital due to PSI between 2008 and 2016.
RESULTS
We identified 6 cases of paediatric PSI. The blood cultures were negative, and the identification of the causative agent required joint fluid aspiration in one patient with infection by Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, and specific screening tests for less frequent agents in the other patients: Kingella kingae (n=2), Brucella melitensis (n=1) and Bartonella henselae (n=1). The patients were treated with specific antimicrobial regimens, and all had favourable clinical outcomes and were free from sequelae during the follow-up.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite the small sample size, our study evinced the low effectiveness of blood cultures for diagnosis of paediatric PSI. It also highlights the need for a high level of suspicion for atypical agents and the early use of adequate diagnostic methods, including imaging and serological testing or polymerase chain-reaction (PCR) analysis of blood samples, as well as prescription of effective antimicrobial therapy.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Hospitals, Pediatric; Humans; Infant; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sacroiliitis; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31130517
DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2018.07.017 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Jun 2014Rapid development within the field of massive parallel sequencing (MPS) is about to bring this technology within reach for diagnostic microbiology laboratories. We...
Rapid development within the field of massive parallel sequencing (MPS) is about to bring this technology within reach for diagnostic microbiology laboratories. We wanted to explore its potential for improving diagnosis and understanding of polymicrobial infections, using bacterial brain abscesses as an example. We conducted a prospective nationwide study on bacterial brain abscesses. Fifty-two surgical samples were included over a 2-year period. The samples were categorized as either spontaneous intracerebral, spontaneous subdural, or postoperative. Bacterial 16S rRNA genes were amplified directly from the specimens and sequenced using Ion Torrent technology, with an average of 500,000 reads per sample. The results were compared to those from culture- and Sanger sequencing-based diagnostics. Compared to culture, MPS allowed for triple the number of bacterial identifications. Aggregatibacter aphrophilus, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Streptococcus intermedius or combinations of them were found in all spontaneous polymicrobial abscesses. F. nucleatum was systematically detected in samples with anaerobic flora. The increased detection rate for Actinomyces spp. and facultative Gram-negative rods further revealed several species associations. We suggest that A. aphrophilus, F. nucleatum, and S. intermedius are key pathogens for the establishment of spontaneous polymicrobial brain abscesses. In addition, F. nucleatum seems to be important for the development of anaerobic flora. MPS can accurately describe polymicrobial specimens when a sufficient number of reads is used to compensate for unequal species concentrations and principles are defined to discard contaminant bacterial DNA in the subsequent data analysis. This will contribute to our understanding of how different types of polymicrobial infections develop.
Topics: Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Brain Abscess; Coinfection; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Prospective Studies; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
PubMed: 24671797
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.00346-14 -
Internal Medicine (Tokyo, Japan) Jun 2020A 48-year-old man presented with a sustained fever. Abdominal computed tomography revealed multilocular liver abscesses. He underwent percutaneous needle aspiration,...
A 48-year-old man presented with a sustained fever. Abdominal computed tomography revealed multilocular liver abscesses. He underwent percutaneous needle aspiration, yielding straw-colored pus. Gram staining revealed Gram-negative coccobacilli. The organism grew only on chocolate II agar in a 7% carbon dioxide atmosphere. Identification of Aggregatibacter aphrophilus was confirmed using mass spectrometry and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. He was successfully treated with antibiotics. Liver abscess caused by A. aphrophilus is extremely rare. We herein report the first such case in Japan. Even fastidious organisms, such as A. aphrophilus, should be correctly identified using mass spectrometry or 16S rRNA gene sequencing for adequate treatment.
Topics: Aggregatibacter aphrophilus; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Humans; Japan; Liver Abscess; Male; Middle Aged; Pasteurellaceae Infections; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32161220
DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.4220-19 -
Journal of Clinical Microbiology Mar 1999The closely related species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus are common findings in oral microbiota. The... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Evaluation of two commercial kits and arbitrarily primed PCR for identification and differentiation of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus.
The closely related species Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Haemophilus aphrophilus, and Haemophilus paraphrophilus are common findings in oral microbiota. The aims of this study were to evaluate the applicability of the Rapid NH and API ZYM kits and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) in the identification and differentiation of the three species from each other. The material included 62 clinical isolates and three reference strains of A. actinomycetemcomitans representing the 5 serotypes and 18 AP-PCR genotypes. Haemophilus species included 12 clinical isolates and 11 reference strains of H. aphrophilus, H. paraphrophilus, and 5 other species. For the PCR amplification, the oligonucleotide 5'-CAGCACCCAC-3' was used as a primer. Contrary to the consistent performance of API ZYM, the Rapid NH system was able to identify only 10 of 65 (15%) A. actinomycetemcomitans isolates, whereas all Haemophilus species were correctly identified. The API ZYM test differentiated A. actinomycetemcomitans from H. aphrophilus and H. paraphrophilus by negative beta-galactosidase and alpha-glucosidase reactions and a positive esterase lipase reaction. However, the API ZYM test was unable to differentiate H. aphrophilus from H. paraphrophilus, it also could not differentiate A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes from each other. Among the H. aphrophilus isolates three AP-PCR genotypes and among H. paraphrophilus isolates only one AP-PCR genotype, distinct from those of A. actinomycetemcomitans, were found. The Rapid NH test showed poor ability to identify clinical isolates of all A. actinomycetemcomitans serotypes. Moreover, AP-PCR genotyping proved to be a rapid method for the species differentiation of A. actinomycetemcomitans, H. aphrophilus, and H. paraphrophilus.
Topics: Actinobacillus Infections; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Fermentation; Genotype; Haemophilus; Haemophilus Infections; Humans; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Serotyping
PubMed: 9986843
DOI: 10.1128/JCM.37.3.742-747.1999 -
Surgical Neurology International 2017A solitary abscess involving the tectum, specifically by , is an extremely rare condition with no known reported cases to date.
BACKGROUND
A solitary abscess involving the tectum, specifically by , is an extremely rare condition with no known reported cases to date.
CASE DESCRIPTION
Here, we present a case of isolated solitary midbrain tectum abscess in an immunocompetent 28-year-old male who was empirically diagnosed as a primary tectal tumor at an outside hospital where he also underwent placement of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) for obstructive hydrocephalus. Eight weeks later he was readmitted with a VPS infection. He was transferred to our institution where the VPS was removed and he was started on broad-spectrum antibiotics. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture revealed . All other workup was negative for infectious etiologies. The tectal lesion completely resolved after 15 weeks of intravenous ceftriaxone without surgical aspiration.
CONCLUSION
We suggest that an empiric diagnosis of tectal glioma should be made with caution for a ring-enhancing mass. CSF should be routinely cultured at the time of operative diversion if abscess is a possibility.
PubMed: 29184708
DOI: 10.4103/sni.sni_211_17 -
Journal of Oral Microbiology 2023Changes in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral pathologies, especially in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Interactions between oral microbiome and oral mucosa...
Human oral mucosa and oral microbiome interactions following supragingival plaque reconstitution in healthy volunteers: a diet-controlled balanced design proof-of-concept model to investigate oral pathologies.
Changes in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral pathologies, especially in patients undergoing cancer therapy. Interactions between oral microbiome and oral mucosa may exacerbate inflammation. We determined whether probiotic-controlled plaque formation could impact proximal oral mucosa gene expression profiles in healthy volunteers. A 3-weeks balanced sample collection design from healthy volunteers (HVs) was implemented. At Week-1 plaques samples and labial mucosa brush biopsies were obtained from HVs in the morning ( = 4) and/or in the afternoon ( = 4), and groups were flipped at Week-3. A fruit yogurt and tea diet were given 2-4hrs before sample collection. mRNA gene expression analysis was completed using RNA-Seq and DESeq2. Bacterial taxa relative abundance was determined by 16S HOMI. Bacterial diversity changes and metabolic pathway enrichment were determined using PRIMERv7 and LEfSe programs. and diversities did not differ morning (AM) vs. afternoon (PM). The most affected KEGG pathway was Toll-like receptor signaling in oral mucosa. Eighteen human genes and nine bacterial genes were differentially expressed in plaque samples. Increased activity for 'caries-free' health-associated calcifying and reduced activity for , an opportunistic pathogen, were observed. Microbial diversity was not altered after 8 hours plaque formation in healthy individuals as opposed to gene expression.
PubMed: 37621744
DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2023.2246279