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Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases 2015Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) due to Alcaligenes faecalis is very rare and has never been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical...
Skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI) due to Alcaligenes faecalis is very rare and has never been studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of this infection. We conducted a retrospective review of 5 cases that occurred at our institution over a period of 6 years. All patients had underlying diseases, and infection was secondary to vascular disease or recent surgery in 4 of them. The most common clinical presentations were vascular ulcer infection and surgical site infection. The clinical outcome was uniformly good after treatment, except in 1 patient. In conclusion, A. faecalis should be considered a potential pathogen of SSTI, particularly in patients with vascular diseases or after surgery. The history of contact with water or aqueous solutions should be investigated in all cases. The clinical outcome is usually good, but treatment can be difficult in some cases due to the high level of resistance to commonly used antibiotics.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alcaligenes faecalis; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Retrospective Studies; Skin Diseases, Bacterial; Soft Tissue Infections; Surgical Wound Infection; Treatment Outcome; Vasculitis
PubMed: 25420652
DOI: 10.7883/yoken.JJID.2014.164 -
Water Science and Technology : a... Apr 2021Hospital wastewaters are produced in large volumes in Pakistan (∼362-745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for...
Hospital wastewater treated with a novel bacterial consortium (Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp.) for phytotoxicity reduction in Berseem clover and tomato crops.
Hospital wastewaters are produced in large volumes in Pakistan (∼362-745 L/bed.day) and are discharged without proper treatment. They are widely used by farmers for crop irrigation and induce a phytotoxic effect on plant growth. The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of untreated and treated hospital wastewater on seed germination of a fodder crop Trifolium alexandrinum (Berseem clover) and a food crop Solanum lycopersicum (tomato). A bacterial consortium was formed with three bacterial strains, i.e., Alcaligenes faecalis and Bacillus paramycoides spp., which were individually proven efficient in previous studies. The concentrations of untreated and treated hospital wastewater (25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used to irrigate these crop seeds. To assess the efficiency of treatment, the germination percentage, delay index, germination index, stress tolerance indices, seedling vigour index and phytotoxicity index were calculated and were statistically proven significant. The seeds grown in treated wastewater concentrations showed negative values of phytotoxicity indices (tomato: -0.36, -0.47, -0.78 and -1.11; Berseem clover: -0.23) which indicate a stimulatory or non-toxic effect on seedling growth. Our work proposes that this bacterial consortium is efficient for hospital wastewater treatment before crop irrigation.
Topics: Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacillus; Germination; Hospitals; Solanum lycopersicum; Medicago; Seeds; Trifolium; Wastewater
PubMed: 33843758
DOI: 10.2166/wst.2021.079 -
Polymers Jun 2022Polyethylene and Polyester materials are resistant to degradation and a significant source of microplastics pollution, which is an emerging concern. In the present...
Polyethylene and Polyester materials are resistant to degradation and a significant source of microplastics pollution, which is an emerging concern. In the present study, the potential of a dumped site bacterial community was evaluated. After primary screening, it was observed that 68.5% were linear low-density polyethylene, 33.3% were high-density, and 12.9% were Polyester degraders. Five strains were chosen for secondary screening, in which they were monitored by FTIR, SEM and weight loss degradation trials. Major results were observed for (MK517568) and (MK517567), as they showed the highest degradation activity. (MK517568) degrades LLDPE by 3.5%, HDPE by 5.8% and Polyester by 17.3%. (MK517567) is better tolerated at 30 °C and degrades Polyester by 29%. Changes in infrared spectra indicated degradation pathways of different strains depending on the types of plastics targeted. Through SEM analysis, groves, piths and holes were observed on the surface. These findings suggest that soil bacteria develop an effective mechanism for degradation of microplastics and beads that enables them to utilize plastics as a source of energy without the need for pre-treatments, which highlights the importance of these soil bacteria for the future of effective plastic waste management in a soil environment.
PubMed: 35683947
DOI: 10.3390/polym14112275 -
Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology Dec 2024Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (ODHP) was extracted in a previous study from the culture broth of soil isolate Alcaligenes faecalis MT332429...
Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate (ODHP) was extracted in a previous study from the culture broth of soil isolate Alcaligenes faecalis MT332429 and showed a promising antimycotic activity. This study was aimed to formulate ODHP loaded β-cyclodextrins (CD) nanosponge (NS) hydrogel (HG) to control skin fungal ailments since nanosponges augment the retention of tested agents in the skin. Box-Behnken design was used to produce the optimized NS formulation, where entrapment efficiency percent (EE%), polydispersity index (PDI), and particle size (PS) were assigned as dependent parameters, while the independent process parameters were polyvinyl alcohol % (w/v %), polymer-linker ratio, homogenization time, and speed. The carbopol 940 hydrogel was then created by incorporating the nanosponges. The hydrogel fit Higuchi's kinetic release model the best, according to in vitro drug release. Stability and photodegradation studies revealed that the NS-HG remained stable under tested conditions. The formulation also showed higher in vitro antifungal activity against Candida albicans compared to the control fluconazole. In vivo study showed that ODHP-NS-HG increased survival rates, wound contraction, and healing of wound gap and inhibited the inflammation process compared to the other control groups. The histopathological examinations and Masson's trichrome staining showed improved healing and higher records of collagen deposition. Moreover, the permeability of ODHP-NS-HG was higher through rats' skin by 1.5-folds compared to the control isoconazole 1%. Therefore, based on these results, NS-HG formulation is a potential carrier for enhanced and improved topical delivery of ODHP. Our study is a pioneering research on the development of a formulation for ODHP produced naturally from soil bacteria. KEY POINTS: • Octadecyl 3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propanoate was successfully formulated as a nanosponge hydrogel and statistically optimized. • The new formula exhibited in vitro good stability, drug release, and higher antifungal activity against C. albicans as compared to the fluconazole. • Ex vivo showed enhanced skin permeability, and in vivo analysis showed high antifungal activity as evidenced by measurement of various biochemical parameters and histopathological examination.
Topics: Rats; Animals; Hydrogels; Antifungal Agents; Fluconazole; Propionates; Alcaligenes faecalis; Candida albicans; Soil; Particle Size; Butanes
PubMed: 38217256
DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12819-3 -
Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes, and... 2023Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are...
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes is a non-contagious disease, but it can cause various complications. One of the most common complications of diabetes is diabetic ulcers. Diabetic ulcers are infections that occur in the legs of diabetics due to the destruction of the deepest skin tissue. Recent studies have reported the presence of Alcaligenes faecalis with extensive drug resistance (XDR) properties as a cause of diabetic ulcers. Bacteriophages are known to have the ability to infect bacteria specifically so that they can be used as an alternative solution for treating diabetic ulcers. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of bacteriophages capable of infecting Alcaligenes faecalis bacteria.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The method used is the spot test method, host range, and identification of nucleic acid types.
RESULTS
The results showed that the 6 bacteriophages isolated, namely AFaV1, AFaV2, AFaV3, AFaV4, AFaV5, and AFaV6, had cloudy plaques with a diameter of ±3 mm. AFaV1, AFaV2, and AFaV4 isolates could infect all bacteria used; they were Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. Meanwhile, bacteriophage isolates AFaV3, AFaV5, and AFaV6 could infect Klebsiella pneumoniae and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria only. The nucleic acid types of the 6 bacteriophage samples were dsDNA with band length > 1 Kb.
CONCLUSIONS
The 6 isolates that were isolated had the ability to infect by forming a prophage that could inhibit the growth of Alcaligenes faecalis and other pathogenic bacteria in diabetic ulcers.
Topics: Humans; Alcaligenes faecalis; Bacteriophages; Ulcer; Bacterial Infections; Diabetes Complications; Nucleic Acids; Diabetes Mellitus
PubMed: 37728456
DOI: 10.5114/pedm.2023.125363 -
Indian Journal of Microbiology Jun 2010During stationary phase of growth under low stress of iron in succinic acid medium, Alcaligenes feacalis BCCM ID 2374 produced microbial iron chelators. Increase in iron...
During stationary phase of growth under low stress of iron in succinic acid medium, Alcaligenes feacalis BCCM ID 2374 produced microbial iron chelators. Increase in iron concentration supported bacterial growth but suppressed siderophores production, 1 μM and 2 μM of iron was optimum for maximum siderophore yield, i.e. 354 and 360 μg/ml in untreated and deferrated medium, respectively. Threshold level of iron, which suppressed siderophores production in A. feacalis BCCM ID 2374, was 20 μM. Ten micromoles and above concentration of CuCl(2) and CoCl(2), and 20 μM of MgCl(2), MgSO(4), ZnCl(2) and ZnSO(4) severely affected siderophores production.
PubMed: 23100825
DOI: 10.1007/s12088-010-0021-1 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to...
The present study was aimed to evaluate the suitability of agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils for the cost-effective production of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB), to evaluate growth kinetics and PHB production in RZS4 and sp. RZS1 with these carbon substrates and to study the biodegradation of PHB accumulated by these cultures. RZS4 and sp. RZS1 accumulates higher amounts of PHB corn (79.90% of dry cell mass) and rice straw (66.22% of dry cell mass) medium respectively. The kinetic model suggests that the sp. RZS1 follows the Monod model more closely than RZS4. Both the cultures degrade their PHB extract under the influence of PHB depolymerase. Corn waste and rice straw appear as the best and cost-effective substrates for the sustainable production of PHB from RZS4 and sp. RZS1. The biopolymer accumulated by these organisms is biodegradable in nature. The agro-wastes and crude vegetable oils are good and low-cost sources of nutrients for the growth and production of PHB and other metabolites. Their use would lower the production cost of PHB and the low-cost production will reduce the sailing price of PHB-based products. This would promote the large-scale commercialization and popularization of PHB as an ecofriendly bioplastic/biopolymer.
Topics: Agriculture; Alcaligenes; Biodegradation, Environmental; Biomass; Biopolymers; Fermentation; Kinetics; Plastics; Pseudomonas; Spectrum Analysis; Waste Products
PubMed: 33922162
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092443 -
Annals of Clinical Microbiology and... May 2023Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70...
BACKGROUND
Carbapenemase-producing makes a great contribution to carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative bacilli. Bla gene was first discovered by us in Alcaligenes faecalis AN70 strain isolated in Guangzhou of China and, was submitted to NCBI on 16 November 2018.
METHODS
Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilution assay using BD Phoenix 100. The phylogenetic tree of AFM and other B1 metallo-β-lactamases was visualized by MEGA7.0. Whole-genome sequencing technology was used to sequence carbapenem-resistant strains including the bla gene. Cloning and expressing of bla were designed to verify the function of AFM-1 to hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP and Etest experiments were conducted to evaluate the activity of carbapenemase. Homology modeling was applied to predict the spatial structure of AFM-1. A conjugation assay was performed to test the ability of horizontal transfer of AFM-1 enzyme. The genetic context of bla was performed by Blast alignment.
RESULTS
Alcaligenes faecalis strain AN70, Comamonas testosteroni strain NFYY023, Bordetella trematum strain E202, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strain NCTC10498 were identified as carrying the bla gene. All of these four strains were carbapenem-resistant strains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that AFM-1 shares little nucleotide and amino acid identity with other class B carbapenemases (the highest identity (86%) with NDM-1 at the amino acid sequence level). The spatial structure of the AFM-1 enzyme was predicted to be αβ/βα sandwich structure, with two zinc atoms at its active site structure. Cloning and expressing of bla verified AFM-1 could hydrolyze carbapenems and common β-lactamase substrates. Carba NP test presented that the AFM-1 enzyme possesses carbapenemase activity. The successful transfer of pAN70-1(plasmid of AN70) to E.coli J53 suggested that the bla gene could be disseminated by the plasmid. The genetic context of bla indicated that the downstream of the bla gene was always adjacent to trpF and ble. Comparative genome analysis revealed that bla appeared to have been mobilized by an ISCR27-related mediated event.
CONCLUSIONS
The bla gene is derived from chromosome and plasmid, and the bla gene derived from the pAN70-1 plasmid can transfer carbapenem resistance to susceptible strains through horizontal transfer. Several bla-positive species have been isolated from feces in Guangzhou, China.
Topics: Humans; Carbapenems; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Phylogeny; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Bacterial Proteins; beta-Lactamases; Plasmids; Escherichia coli; China
PubMed: 37198688
DOI: 10.1186/s12941-023-00592-0 -
Journal of Bacteriology Nov 1997Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 is composed of three domains: the catalytic (C) domain, the fibronectin type III-like (F) domain,...
Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) depolymerase from Alcaligenes faecalis T1 is composed of three domains: the catalytic (C) domain, the fibronectin type III-like (F) domain, and the substrate-binding (S) domain. We constructed domain deletion, inversion, chimera, and extra-F-domain mutants and examined their enzyme activity and PHB-binding ability. In addition, we performed substitution of 214Asp and 273His with glycine and aspartate, respectively, to examine their participation in a catalytic triad together with 139Ser. The mutant with both the F and S domains deleted and the trypsin-digested enzyme showed no PHB-hydrolyzing activity and less PHB-binding ability than that of the wild-type enzyme but retained D-(-)-3-hydroxybutyrate trimer-hydrolyzing activity at a level similar to that of the wild-type enzyme. The mutant with the F domain deleted and the mutant which had the order of the F and S domains inverted retained PHB-binding ability and trimer-hydrolyzing activity at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme but lost PHB-hydrolyzing activity. The chimera mutant, in which the F domain was substituted with a Thr-rich domain of PHB depolymerase A from Pseudomonas lemoignei, and the extra-F-domain mutant, with an additional F domain, retained trimer- and PHB-hydrolyzing activities and PHB-binding ability at levels similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. Two mutants (D214G and H273D) showed no enzymatic activity toward trimer and PHB, and they were not labeled with [3H]diisopropylfluorophosphate.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Asparagine; Aspartic Acid; Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases; Chromosome Inversion; DNA Primers; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression; Glycine; Histidine; Plasmids; Point Mutation; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Deletion; Serine; Trypsin
PubMed: 9371441
DOI: 10.1128/jb.179.22.6965-6970.1997 -
Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Sheng Wu Wu Li Xue... May 2003The Alcaligenes faecalis PGA gene encoding heterodimeric penicillin G acylase (PGA) was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis...
The Alcaligenes faecalis PGA gene encoding heterodimeric penicillin G acylase (PGA) was cloned and successfully expressed in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis respectively. In contrast to E.coli hosts where the enzymes were retained in the periplasm, B. subtilis cell secreted the recombinant enzyme into the medium. Contrary to limited expression yield of E. coli (pETAPGA), PGA extracellularly expressed by B. subtilis (pBAPGA) and B. subtilis (pMAPGA) reached the highest yield of 653 u/L. This yield increased 109-fold higher than the native expression of A. faecalis CICC AS1.767. The enzyme was fractionated with (NH(4))(2)SO(4) and purified by DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B with a yield of 81%. The purified enzyme had a specific activity of 1.469 u/mg. Furthermore, some enzyme characteristics, such as the pH and temperature optimum, the stability against organic solvent and the ratio of cepholexin synthesis to hydrolysis were determined. By overexpressing A. faecalis PGA in B. subtilis and purifying secreted enzyme from culture medium one could readily obtain a large amount of an alternative source of PGA.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Bacillus subtilis; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression; Genetic Vectors; Penicillin Amidase; Recombinant Proteins; Species Specificity
PubMed: 12766801
DOI: No ID Found