-
Revue Medicale de Liege May 2004Paroxystic alcohol intoxications are classically defined by the alternation of acute and massive intoxications and abstinence periods but occur mostly in chronically... (Review)
Review
Paroxystic alcohol intoxications are classically defined by the alternation of acute and massive intoxications and abstinence periods but occur mostly in chronically drinking patients. Loss of control, sensation seeking and impulsivity are common features of these disorders that are often associated with multiple drug use. They also seem to be characterized by underlying biological and genetic risk factors and antisocial personality disorder.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Periodicity
PubMed: 15270000
DOI: No ID Found -
Psychiatria Polska Apr 2018To determine the frequency of hospitalizations due to alcohol intoxication (AI) at the Pediatric Health Center, and to attempt to identify factors contributing to the...
OBJECTIVES
To determine the frequency of hospitalizations due to alcohol intoxication (AI) at the Pediatric Health Center, and to attempt to identify factors contributing to the occurrence of intoxication in the population of children and adolescents.
METHODS
Medical documentation of 227 patients hospitalized due to AI. 108 (48%) patients were girls and 119 (52%) patients were boys. The mean age of the study group was 14.9 years ±2.1. Data regarding patients, their families and the circumstances of intoxication underwent analysis.
RESULTS
Alcohol intoxication constituted 2.8% of all hospitalizations. The number of hospitalizations between 2000 and 2011 showed an increasing tendency with some fluctuations within years. Spirits were predominant alcohol beverages. Over 10% of patients required a short-term hospital stay at the Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care. In 13% of children, coexisting medicine or drug intoxication was observed and 10% of patients presented with alcohol-related injury to the head or extremities. Risky sexual behaviors were noted in 25% of girls. The majority of children were raised by two parents who had received primary education. Alcoholism was present in over 20% of the families. In single-parent families, fathers were more frequently absent and a lack of a regular source of income was more often related to mothers.
CONCLUSIONS
There are no uniform standards of multi-specialist medical care for children hospitalized due to AI. Identification of children consuming alcohol is recommended. It should be done by primary physicians, pediatricians, teachers and psychologists. Minor patients hospitalized due to AI should be provided with a long-term and comprehensive care.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcoholic Intoxication; Blood Alcohol Content; Child; Child, Hospitalized; Ethanol; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Poland; Risk Assessment; Sex Distribution
PubMed: 29975374
DOI: 10.12740/PP/67601 -
Addictive Behaviors Sep 2011Compared to college women, college men face elevated risks for problematic drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences. These risks highlight the critical need to...
Compared to college women, college men face elevated risks for problematic drinking and negative alcohol-related consequences. These risks highlight the critical need to investigate gender issues and risk factors contributing to intoxication and related problems among men. Theoretical models suggest that conforming to masculine norms or the beliefs and expectations of what it means to be a man, may help explain patterns of problematic drinking among men. The current study advances the literature by investigating the association between masculine norms, drinking to intoxication, and alcohol-related consequences among 776 undergraduate males after taking into account the importance of fraternity status and perceived peer norms. Results indicate that fraternity status and higher perceived peer norms regarding drinking increased the risks of getting drunk and experiencing alcohol-related consequences. Specifically, the masculine norms of being a "playboy", risk-taking, and winning were risk factors of drinking to intoxication; while, being a "playboy", risk-taking, and self-reliance increased the risks of alcohol-related problems. Primacy of work and heterosexual presentation were two masculine norms that were protective of drinking to intoxication. Our findings contribute to important future considerations for prevention, clinical interventions, and public-health implications in college settings.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; California; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Male; Masculinity; Peer Group; Risk Factors; Social Conformity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 21620570
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.04.005 -
American Journal of Preventive Medicine Dec 2010Potentially effective environmental strategies have been recommended to reduce heavy alcohol use among college students. However, studies to date on environmental... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
CONTEXT
Potentially effective environmental strategies have been recommended to reduce heavy alcohol use among college students. However, studies to date on environmental prevention strategies are few in number and have been limited by their nonexperimental designs, inadequate sample sizes, and lack of attention to settings where the majority of heavy drinking events occur.
PURPOSE
To determine whether environmental prevention strategies targeting off-campus settings would reduce the likelihood and incidence of student intoxication at those settings.
DESIGN
The Safer California Universities study involved 14 large public universities, half of which were assigned randomly to the Safer intervention condition after baseline data collection in 2003. Environmental interventions took place in 2005 and 2006 after 1 year of planning with seven Safer intervention universities. Random cross-sectional samples of undergraduates completed online surveys in four consecutive fall semesters (2003-2006).
SETTING/PARTICIPANTS
Campuses and communities surrounding eight campuses of the University of California and six in the California State University system were utilized. The study used random samples of undergraduates (∼500-1000 per campus per year) attending the 14 public California universities.
INTERVENTION
Safer environmental interventions included nuisance party enforcement operations, minor decoy operations, driving-under-the-influence checkpoints, social host ordinances, and use of campus and local media to increase the visibility of environmental strategies.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Proportion of drinking occasions in which students drank to intoxication at six different settings during the fall semester (residence hall party, campus event, fraternity or sorority party, party at off-campus apartment or house, bar/restaurant, outdoor setting), any intoxication at each setting during the semester, and whether students drank to intoxication the last time they went to each setting.
RESULTS
Significant reductions in the incidence and likelihood of intoxication at off-campus parties and bars/restaurants were observed for Safer intervention universities compared to controls. A lower likelihood of intoxication was observed also for Safer intervention universities the last time students drank at an off-campus party (OR=0.81, 95% CI=0.68, 0.97); a bar or restaurant (OR=0.76, 95% CI=0.62, 0.94); or any setting (OR=0.80, 95% CI=0.65, 0.97). No increase in intoxication (e.g., displacement) appeared in other settings. Further, stronger intervention effects were achieved at Safer universities with the highest level of implementation.
CONCLUSIONS
Environmental prevention strategies targeting settings where the majority of heavy drinking events occur appear to be effective in reducing the incidence and likelihood of intoxication among college students.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; California; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Risk Management; Social Environment; Students; Universities; Young Adult
PubMed: 21084068
DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2010.08.020 -
Addictive Behaviors Apr 2008This study investigated variables of perceived risk associated with one's decision to drink and drive, as well as with the occurrence and successfulness of intervention...
This study investigated variables of perceived risk associated with one's decision to drink and drive, as well as with the occurrence and successfulness of intervention efforts by others in preventing individuals from drinking and driving. Undergraduate students were presented with scenarios manipulating number of drinks, consumption time, and distance needed to drive. Participants then provided estimates of intoxication, degree of impairment, and likelihood of getting in an accident and getting arrested for drinking and driving. In addition, participants rated three criterion variables: intention to drive, likelihood someone would try to intervene, and receptiveness to someone attempting to intervene. Data was analyzed using three random effects regression models, one for each of the criterion variables. Results indicated that perceptions of risk were associated with decisions to drive after drinking and expected likelihood of, and receptiveness to, intervention efforts, over and above one's estimate of intoxication.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Automobile Driving; Decision Making; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Students; Universities
PubMed: 18068307
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.11.010 -
The Journal of Primary Prevention Aug 2015We examined party characteristics across different college drinking settings, associations between party characteristics and likelihood of drinking to intoxication, and...
We examined party characteristics across different college drinking settings, associations between party characteristics and likelihood of drinking to intoxication, and the mediating role of perceived prevalence of intoxicated partygoers. Students (N = 6903) attending 14 public universities in California during the 2010 and 2011 fall semesters completed surveys on individual and party characteristics in six unique settings (e.g., residence hall). We used descriptive statistics to examine party characteristics by setting. We estimated multilevel logistic regression models to identify party characteristics associated with drinking to intoxication, and we used RMediation to determine significance of mediating effects. Individual and party characteristics varied by drinking context. Greater time at a party was associated with drinking to intoxication at five of six settings, while larger party size was significant only for outdoor settings. Enforcing the legal drinking age and refusing to serve intoxicated patrons were associated with lower likelihood of intoxication at Greek and off-campus parties. The presence of a keg was associated with drinking to intoxication at Greek, off-campus and outdoor parties; at bars, cover charges and drink promotions were positively associated with drinking to intoxication. In four of six settings, we found evidence of significant mediating effects through perceived prevalence of intoxicated partygoers. Findings highlight risk and protective characteristics of parties by drinking setting, and have prevention implications.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking in College; Alcoholic Intoxication; California; College Fraternities and Sororities; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Protective Factors; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Risk Factors; Social Behavior; Social Environment; Students; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 25976418
DOI: 10.1007/s10935-015-0393-4 -
Current Drug Abuse Reviews Jun 2010Hangover may be related to propensity to develop alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, the etiological role, if any, played by hangover in AUD is unclear. From a... (Review)
Review
Hangover may be related to propensity to develop alcohol use disorders (AUDs). However, the etiological role, if any, played by hangover in AUD is unclear. From a motivational perspective, hangover can be construed as either a deterrent to future alcohol consumption or a setting event for negative reinforcement that could promote deviant drinking practices (e.g., "hair-of-the-dog" drinking). Hangover could be related to AUD risk even if it does not play a direct role in promoting or inhibiting near-term drinking. For example, measures of hangover might serve as symptoms of AUD or as markers of individual differences that more directly account for AUD risk. Empirical evidence (though usually indirect) exists to support contentions that hangover is related to both risk for and protection from AUD. In this article, we briefly address variation in assessment strategies in existing hangover research because measures of hangover frequency and hangover susceptibility may prove to have different correlates. Next, we review the existing, limited evidence on relations between hangover and AUD risk. Finally, we sketch a variety of theoretically-informed hypotheses that might help delineate productive lines of inquiry for this emerging field.
Topics: Alcohol-Related Disorders; Alcoholic Intoxication; Ethanol; Humans; Individuality; Risk Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
PubMed: 20712598
DOI: 10.2174/1874473711003020092 -
European Journal of Pediatrics Mar 2023This study aims to explore the prevalence of creatinine kinase elevation amongst a sample of Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. The data on all...
This study aims to explore the prevalence of creatinine kinase elevation amongst a sample of Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. The data on all admitted adolescents < 18 years old with acute alcohol intoxication between 2008 and 2021 were collected from a Dutch major district general hospital, Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis, in Delft. Overall, 495 adolescents who were treated for symptoms of acute alcohol intoxication during this period were included in the study. When evaluating the blood samples of the included patients, elevated creatinine kinase levels were found in 60% of the cases, with a mean of 254 U/I (normal value ≤ 145 U/I). A confirmed diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis (increase in CK > fivefold the upper limit of normal) was present in 4.4% of cases. Moreover, using a linear regression this study found that a higher blood alcohol concentration was associated with higher creatinine kinase levels, when adjusted for positive drug screenings amongst the adolescents with acute alcohol intoxication (p = 0.027; β = 66.88; 95% CI 7.68 - 126.08). Conclusions: This is the first study focusing on how acute alcohol intoxication affects adolescents' muscle tissue. The results could potentially help to prevent alcohol use within the sports world. It could also aid understanding of how acute alcohol intoxication influences the breakdown of adolescents' muscle tissue. What is Known: • Alcohol, alongside pharmaceutical agents and illicit drugs, is a significant cause of rhabdomyolysis (increase in creatinine kinase > fivefold the upper limit of normal). • Creatinine kinase elevation in alcohol intoxicated patients may be as a result of direct "muscular" toxicity" (myotoxicity) or from prolonged immobilization and ischemic compression induced by coma. What is New: • Our retrospective cohort study is a pioneer in addressing the effect of acute alcohol intoxication amongst adolescents (< 18 years) upon muscle tissue (creatinine kinase level) within a large population. When evaluating the blood samples of the included population, elevated creatinine kinase levels were found in 60% of the cases, with a mean of 254 U/I (normal value ≤ 145 U/I). • There is an association between alcohol intoxication and elevated creatinine kinase levels amongst adolescents. Future research is needed to further understand the pathophysiology and causality of this interaction.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Alcoholic Intoxication; Creatinine; Retrospective Studies; Blood Alcohol Content; Rhabdomyolysis
PubMed: 36662269
DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04820-9 -
Journal of Studies on Alcohol and Drugs Jul 2020The purpose of this study was to examine the distal predictors (alcohol expectancies, adversarial heterosexual beliefs) and proximal predictors (alcohol intoxication,... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
OBJECTIVE
The purpose of this study was to examine the distal predictors (alcohol expectancies, adversarial heterosexual beliefs) and proximal predictors (alcohol intoxication, partner's condom use request style, state anger) of young men's condom use resistance (CUR).
METHOD
Young, male, non-problem drinking, inconsistent condom users (N = 297) completed an alcohol administration experiment. After completing background measures, participants were randomly assigned to receive a control or alcoholic beverage (target peak breath alcohol concentration = .08%). They then read a randomly assigned hypothetical sexual scenario in which their female partner requested to use a condom either indirectly, directly, or insistently. Participants' desire to have condomless sex, state anger, and both coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions were assessed.
RESULTS
Path analyses demonstrated that alcohol intoxication directly predicted noncoercive CUR intentions. In addition, a moderated mediation pathway was found such that, relative to sober participants, intoxicated men's sexual aggression-related alcohol expectancies were positively associated with their state anger in response to the partner's condom use request. This increased anger was related to stronger noncoercive CUR intentions. Adversarial heterosexual beliefs both directly and indirectly predicted coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions.
CONCLUSIONS
Path analysis demonstrated that alcohol intoxication increased intentions to resist condom use through noncoercive tactics. In addition, men's misogynistic attitudes and alcohol intoxication were associated with greater feelings of anger, which predicted stronger coercive and noncoercive CUR intentions.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Anger; Coercion; Condoms; Female; Humans; Male; Sexual Behavior; Young Adult
PubMed: 32800081
DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.454 -
Violence and Victims Apr 2021Alcohol's effects on bystander responses to potential sexual assault situations are understudied. In this mixed-methods study, we examined quality of bystander responses... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Alcohol's effects on bystander responses to potential sexual assault situations are understudied. In this mixed-methods study, we examined quality of bystander responses in intoxicated versus sober people. Participants were 121 young adults (ages 21-29, 50% female) randomly assigned to consume alcoholic beverages or soda water. After drinking, participants listened to a sexual assault vignette and completed a semistructured interview assessing how they would respond if they had witnessed the situation. Nearly all participants reported they would directly intervene if faced with the situation. Intoxicated participants and men were significantly less likely to use high-quality bystander intervention strategies than were sober participants and women. Results suggest that alcohol intoxication may negatively impact the likelihood that bystander intervention efforts will be helpful.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Beverages; Alcoholic Intoxication; Female; Humans; Male; Sex Offenses; Young Adult
PubMed: 33795476
DOI: 10.1891/VV-D-20-00060