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Annals of Agricultural and... Mar 2018Drinking alcohol by adolescents and children poses a risk of long-term psychological and sociological consequences, often leading to addiction in adulthood. A steady...
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE
Drinking alcohol by adolescents and children poses a risk of long-term psychological and sociological consequences, often leading to addiction in adulthood. A steady increase in the number of young people reaching for alcohol is worrying. The study analyzes the age and gender of the children, concentration of alcohol in the blood, depending on the origin of the youth (urban or rural).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The study was a retrospective analysis of 402 patients hospitalized due to alcohol intoxication in the Department of Paediatrics at Medical University in Lublin, Poland between 2004 - 2013.
RESULTS
During the study period a continuous increase in admissions of patients after alcohol consumption was observed: from 27 children in 2004 to 53 in 2012 and 2013. The youngest patient hospitalized after drinking was 7.6 years old and came from the rural environment, the oldest 18 years old and came from the urban environment. In 2004 - 2007, boys dominated among children intoxicated with alcohol; since 2008, a slight prevalence of girls has been observed, especially in the urban environment. Among patients coming from the country, boys always predominated. In the study period there was noted a similar number of children consuming alcohol from rural and urban environments.
CONCLUSIONS
The results suggest the need to introduce appropriate educational programmes in schools to prevent the consumption of alcohol at a young age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Health; Alcoholic Intoxication; Child; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Poland; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Rural Population; Urban Population
PubMed: 29575887
DOI: 10.5604/12321966.1228397 -
BMC Research Notes Oct 2018Knowing the purpose of a clinical study may provoke expectancies among subjects that may influence the study outcome. For example, expectancies about a drug effect may...
OBJECTIVE
Knowing the purpose of a clinical study may provoke expectancies among subjects that may influence the study outcome. For example, expectancies about a drug effect may cause subjects to put in more effort to counteract these effects on performance tasks, or cause stress or other mood alterations in anticipation of expected adverse effects. The objective of this study was to investigate to what extent expectancy effects will influence the magnitude of cognitive performance decrement in the alcohol hangover state.
RESULTS
Forty subjects with a mean (SD) age of 24.0 (7.4) years old participated in a naturalistic study to examine the alcohol hangover effects on cognitive performance. Subjects in the expectancy group were informed of the purpose of the study. In the control group subjects were told that the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of time of day on cognitive performance. Subjects consumed a mean (SD) of 12.9 (10.0) alcoholic drinks the night before testing. Cognitive tests included the Stroop test, Eriksen's flanker test, a divided attention test, intra-extra dimensional set shifting test, spatial working memory test, and free word recall test. Expectancy effects did not differentially affect cognitive performance in the alcohol hangover state.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Anticipation, Psychological; Attention; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Psychomotor Performance; Young Adult
PubMed: 30333045
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-018-3827-2 -
Addictive Behaviors Mar 2011The association between alcohol use and internalizing symptoms during adolescence varies across studies, and the causes underlying this association remain unclear. The...
The association between alcohol use and internalizing symptoms during adolescence varies across studies, and the causes underlying this association remain unclear. The current study examines the relationship between symptoms of anxiety and depression and intoxication frequency in a sample of Swedish twins assessed longitudinally from ages 13-14 to 19-20. The objectives of the study were to assess the stability of genetic and environmental influences on each trait across adolescence; to investigate whether these traits share genetic and/or environmental liabilities; and to explore quantitative changes in the shared liability over time. We found that the magnitude of genetic influences on internalizing symptoms remained relatively stable across adolescence, while their impact on intoxication frequency was dynamic. Symptoms of anxiety and depression were influenced by unique environmental factors, while both shared and unique environmental factors influenced intoxication frequency. Genetic and environmental innovation and attenuation were observed for both traits. While no significant genetic correlation was observed between traits, unique environmental factors did contribute to a shared liability. This environmental correlation was positive and moderate (r(E)=0.41) in the early assessment, but decreased and changed direction at later waves (r(E)=-.04 to -.01). The genetic and environmental factors underlying internalizing symptoms and intoxication frequency appear to be developmentally dynamic. Early environmental factors contribute to the association between these traits, but this shared liability diminishes across adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcoholic Intoxication; Anxiety Disorders; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Internal-External Control; Longitudinal Studies; Sex Factors; Social Environment; Sweden; Twins; Young Adult
PubMed: 21051153
DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2010.10.001 -
Injury Jan 2016Most data regarding high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ≥400 mg/dL have been from alcohol poisoning deaths. Few studies have described this group and reported...
OBJECTIVE
Most data regarding high blood alcohol concentrations (BAC) ≥400 mg/dL have been from alcohol poisoning deaths. Few studies have described this group and reported their alcohol consumption patterns or outcomes compared to other trauma patients. We hypothesised trauma patients with very high BACs arrived to the trauma centre with less severe injuries than their sober counterparts.
METHOD
Historical cohort of 46,222 patients admitted to a major trauma centre between January 1, 2002 and October 31, 2011. BAC was categorised into ordinal groups by 100 mg/dL intervals. Alcohol questionnaire data on frequency and quantity was captured in the BAC ≥400 mg/dL group. The primary analysis was for BAC ≥400 mg/dL.
RESULTS
BAC was recorded in 44,502 (96.3%) patients. Those with a BAC ≥400 mg/dL accounted for 1.1% (147) of BAC positive cases. These patients had the lowest proportion of severe trauma and in-hospital death in comparison with the other alcohol groups (p<0.001). In adjusted analysis, the risk for severe injury increased with the BAC groups between 1 and 199 mg/dL and was not different or decreased for groups above 200 mg/dL in reference to the BAC negative group (test for trend p=0.001). BAC ≥400 group encountered more injuries caused by blunt trauma in comparison with the other alcohol groups (p<0.001), and the group comprised mainly of falls. Admission Glasgow Coma Scale was a poor predictor for traumatic brain injury in the high BAC group. Readmission occurred in 22.4% (33) of patients the BAC ≥400 group. The majority of these patients reported drinking alcohol 4 or more days per week (81, 67.5%) and five or more drinks per day (79, 65.8%), evident of risky alcohol use.
CONCLUSIONS
Most traumas admitted with BAC ≥400 mg/dL survived and their injuries were less severe than their less intoxicated and sober counterparts. They also had evidence for risky alcohol use and nearly one-quarter returned to the trauma centre with another injury over the study period. Recognition of this highest BAC group presents an opportunity to provide focused care for their risky alcohol use.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Blood Alcohol Content; Ethanol; Female; Glasgow Coma Scale; Hospital Mortality; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Trauma Centers; Trauma Severity Indices; United States; Wounds and Injuries
PubMed: 26556488
DOI: 10.1016/j.injury.2015.10.063 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Mar 2009
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Forensic Toxicology; Humans; Sex Offenses; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 19255067
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.090006 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Dec 2007Young or confused people and those dependent on alcohol are at risk from ingestion of alcohol hand rubs (Review)
Review
Young or confused people and those dependent on alcohol are at risk from ingestion of alcohol hand rubs
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Coma; Critical Care; Detergents; Ethanol; Female; Hand Disinfection; Hospitalization; Humans; Hygiene
PubMed: 18048543
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39274.583472.AE -
Pediatrics Jun 2014Approximately 1 in 5 child passenger deaths in the United States involves an alcohol-impaired driver, most commonly the child's own driver. The objective of this study...
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE
Approximately 1 in 5 child passenger deaths in the United States involves an alcohol-impaired driver, most commonly the child's own driver. The objective of this study was to document recent trends and state-specific rates of these deaths.
METHODS
A descriptive analysis of 2001-2010 Fatality Analysis Reporting System data for child passengers aged <15 years killed in alcohol-impaired driving crashes. Driver impairment was defined as a blood alcohol concentration of ≥0.08 g/dL.
RESULTS
During 2001-2010, 2344 children <15 years were killed in crashes involving at least 1 alcohol-impaired driver. Of these children, 1515 (65%) were riding with an impaired driver. Annual deaths among children riding with an alcohol-impaired driver decreased by 41% over the decade. Among the 37 states included in the state-level analysis, Texas (272) and California (135) had the most children killed while riding with an impaired driver and South Dakota (0.98) and New Mexico (0.86) had the highest annualized child passenger death rates (per 100 000 children). Most (61%) child passengers of impaired drivers were unrestrained at the time of the crash. One-third of the impaired drivers did not have a valid driver's license.
CONCLUSIONS
Alcohol-impaired driving remains a substantial threat to the safety of child passengers in the United States, and typically involves children being driven by impaired drivers. This risk varies meaningfully among states. To make further progress, states and communities could consider increased use of effective interventions and efforts aimed specifically at protecting child passengers from impaired drivers.
Topics: Accidents, Traffic; Adolescent; Alcoholic Intoxication; Automobile Driving; Cause of Death; Child; Child, Preschool; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; United States
PubMed: 24799550
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2013-2318 -
BMC Pediatrics Sep 2022Ethanol intoxications in newborns are generally due to false preparation of formula with alcoholics or alcohol consumption by the breastfeeding mothers. Rarely,...
BACKGROUND
Ethanol intoxications in newborns are generally due to false preparation of formula with alcoholics or alcohol consumption by the breastfeeding mothers. Rarely, intoxications occur in hospitalized newborns, e.g., from excessive use of alcoholic hand sanitizers. We herein report a strange case of acute ethanol intoxications in our NICU.
CASE PRESENTATION
An extremely premature infant (23 0/7 weeks gestational age, birthweight 580 g) suffered from repeated life-threatening events with hemodynamic compromise, apnea, and lactic acidosis while being treated in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Symptomatic treatment with intravenous fluids and, if necessary, intubation and catecholamine therapy led to recovery after several hours each time. The episodes eventually turned out to be severe ethanol intoxications brought about by breast milk contaminated with ethanol. The breast milk was supplied by the infant's mother, who consumed non-trivial amounts of alcohol to build up her strength and make herself produce more milk, which was recommended to her by a family member. Additionally, she supplemented her own mother's milk with cow's milk because she was worried her baby was underserved with her milk. The mother admitted to this in intensive conversations with our team and a professional translator.
CONCLUSIONS
This unique case underlines how different cultural dynamics can attribute to life-threatening events in the care of premature infants. It is important for us to emphasize that intensive communication and building a confident relationship with the parents of patients is essential to the work on NICUs. Child safeguarding issues and possibilities of intoxications have to stay in mind even in a supposedly safe space like the NICU.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Breast Feeding; Cattle; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Milk, Human; Mothers
PubMed: 36056306
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03567-w -
The Journal of General Psychology Oct 2006Problem drinking and related consequences are a major social issue plaguing college campuses across the United States. Each year, alcohol is responsible for fatalities,... (Review)
Review
Problem drinking and related consequences are a major social issue plaguing college campuses across the United States. Each year, alcohol is responsible for fatalities, assaults, serious injuries, and arrests that occur among college students. The authors review and discuss the risk factors, drinking patterns, and consequences that are relevant to the general student population. In addition, the authors highlight individuals at an increased risk of experiencing alcohol-related problems, such as Greek-letter social organization members and student athletes. The authors also discuss the interventions that attempt to reduce risky drinking and related problems in these subgroups as well as the future directions for research.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Alcoholic Intoxication; Alcoholism; Female; Health Education; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Risk Factors; Social Facilitation; Sports; Students
PubMed: 17128959
DOI: 10.3200/GENP.133.4.401-420 -
CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association... Mar 2011
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alcoholic Intoxication; Canada; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 21242265
DOI: 10.1503/cmaj.110029