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International Journal of Implant... Feb 2022The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate changes in alveolar bone crest (ABC) levels and differences in resorption rates (RR) between the tested grafting... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A 3-year prospective randomized clinical trial of alveolar bone crest response and clinical parameters through 1, 2, and 3 years of clinical function of implants placed 4 months after alveolar ridge preservation using two different allogeneic bone-grafting materials.
PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate changes in alveolar bone crest (ABC) levels and differences in resorption rates (RR) between the tested grafting materials following alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after tooth extraction after 1, 2, and 3 years (T1-T8) of clinical function.
METHODS
Patients were randomly assigned to two different bone allografts (group 1 maxgraft, group 2 Puros) for ARP. Non-restorable teeth were minimal traumatically extracted. Sockets were augmented with the tested materials and covered with a pericardium membrane. After 4 months of healing, 36 implants were placed and sites were clinically and radiographically monitored in the mesial (ABC-M), the distal (ABC-D, T1-T8), the bucco-lingual (ABC-BL), buccal (ABC-B) and oral (ABC-O) aspect (T1-T4).
RESULTS
Changes in (ABC-M), (ABC-D), (ABC-BL), (ABC-B), and (ABC-O) levels showed statistically highly significant differences between T1 and T2 for both bone allografts (p < 0.001). Changes at the ABC-M and ABC-BL levels between T2 and T3 of group 1 showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Both groups achieved and maintained increased ABC levels without statistically significant differences throughout the monitoring periods of 1-3 years (T6-T8) of clinical function. No failures or adverse events were observed.
CONCLUSIONS
To the best of our knowledge, this study is within its limitations the first study to directly compare ABC-changes and differences in RR of two different allogeneic grafting materials for a period of 3 years after ARP. It was demonstrated to be, despite significant differences in RR, a successful method of preserving increased ABC levels through 1, 2, and 3 years of clinical function. Trial registration DRKS00013010, registered 07/30/2018, http://apps.who.int/trialsearch.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Dental Implants; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Prospective Studies; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 35102440
DOI: 10.1186/s40729-022-00402-w -
Stomatologija 2010Patient's age is an important factor in orthodontic treatment. There are many studies about bone aging from the aspects of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Both,... (Review)
Review
Patient's age is an important factor in orthodontic treatment. There are many studies about bone aging from the aspects of osteoporosis and other bone diseases. Both, aging and osteoporosis are associated problems and have a great importance in relation to their incidence. But not only osteoporosis or other bone related diseases are issue for many studies, because the knowledge of bone pathophysiology and diagnostics with signaling molecules makes it possible to predict treatment outcome and specific cell targeted pharmacology. In recent years immunohistological studies had become very popular in all fields of medicine including orthodontics, too. The question we tried to answer in this literature mini-review was--what kind of immunohistological studies were done from the aspect of bone aging in relation to patient`s age and orthodontic treatment? Search on Cochrane Library, PubMed, Science Direct, and DynaMed data bases by keywords: Alveolar bone aging, RANK, RANKL, OPG, MMP-1, MMP-8, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α, TNF-β, and BM, resulted with 147 full-text articles; from them 90 met the criteria, 30 were reviews, and only in 22 articles from 60 bone aging from the aspect of signaling molecules were discussed. Interestingly, only 2 articles (Cei 2006 and Zhang 2003) were related to alveolar bone, and none studied it from the orthodontic point of view. Patient`s age plays an important role in orthodontic treatment, because of the bone response to mechanical loading. It is in accordance to clinical studies, or alike, that tooth movement in younger patient occurs much faster than in adults, but the question which factors are responsible for the process still remains.
Topics: Aging; Alveolar Process; Apoptosis; Bone and Bones; Cytokines; Humans; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Orthodontics, Corrective; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis
PubMed: 21266833
DOI: No ID Found -
Medicine Jul 2022The aim of this article is to assess the formation of new vital bone (VB) using histomorphometric analysis in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), with and without primary... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Histological and histomorphometric evaluation of alveolar ridge preservation using an allograft and nonresorbable membrane with and without primary closure: A pilot randomized controlled clinical trial.
The aim of this article is to assess the formation of new vital bone (VB) using histomorphometric analysis in alveolar ridge preservation (ARP), with and without primary closure. Eight patients needed bilateral tooth extraction and planned for ARP. All patients had a nonresorbable membrane with freeze-dried bone allograft after the extractions. Biopsies were obtained 6 months after ARP and were evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. The study included 6 males and 2 females, with an average age of 54.2 years (standard deviation, 9.7). The teeth requiring extraction included a bilateral canine (1 case), premolars (5 cases), and molars (2 cases). Histomorphometric values of new VB, residual bone (RB) substitute particles, and marrow tissue formation were 71.1 %, 16.2%, and 9.69% for closed flap and 50.9%, 15.3%, and 8.19 for open flap. P values were 0.066, 0.878, and 0.326, respectively. The present findings indicate that leaving the flap without primary closure did not have any effect on new VB, RB particles, and immature bone marrow compared with closed flap. However, the results favored the closed-flap technique.
Topics: Allografts; Alveolar Process; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Female; Humans; Male; Pilot Projects; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 35777057
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000029769 -
Archives of Oral Biology Dec 2018The alveolar bone has a unique capacity to follow the teeth's movements. It is formed around erupting teeth and their periodontal ligaments: the more the teeth have... (Review)
Review
The alveolar bone has a unique capacity to follow the teeth's movements. It is formed around erupting teeth and their periodontal ligaments: the more the teeth have erupted, the larger the alveolar process. Throughout life the teeth erupt and migrate in an occlusal and mesial direction to compensate for attrition, an evolutionary trait. After tooth extraction, the alveolar process is resorbed to varying degrees. The mandibular alveolar bone mirrors skeletal bone condition. Due to fast bone turnover (which is the fastest in the whole skeleton), low bone mass and increased fracture risk may first be seen here. If a periapical radiograph of the mandibular premolars shows a dense trabeculation with well-mineralized trabeculae and small intertrabecular spaces, it is a reliable sign of normal skeletal bone density (BMD) and low skeletal fracture risk, whereas a sparse trabecular pattern indicates osteopenia and high fracture risk. The bone turnover rate in the mandible is twice that of the maxilla, and may, hypothetically, play a role in the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), which has been found mainly in the mandibular alveolar process?
Topics: Alveolar Process; Animals; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw; Bone Density; Bone Remodeling; Humans; Mandible; Osteoporosis; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Movement Techniques
PubMed: 30292055
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2018.09.016 -
Brazilian Dental Journal 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate a Demineralized Human Dentine Matrix (DHDM) as viable biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation in a rat model. Wistar rats were...
The aim of this study was to evaluate a Demineralized Human Dentine Matrix (DHDM) as viable biomaterial for alveolar ridge preservation in a rat model. Wistar rats were submitted to the extraction of maxillary first molars bilaterally. Sockets were filled with biomaterials and divided into 4 experimental groups (n=5): blood clot, autogenous bone, bovine-derived xenograft (BDX) and DHDM. Animals were sacrificed at 7, 14 e 28 days. Microtomography (uCT) volumetric evaluation and qualitative histological analyses were performed. Results obtained through the uCT showed similar values between the DHDM and the other experimental groups. The histological evaluation demonstrated DHDM with an unspecific inflammatory process and bone neoformation with slow reabsorption of the material. This result indicates that DHDM implanted in rat sockets is biocompatible and reduces the alveolar ridge volume loss after tooth extraction.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Cattle; Dentin; Humans; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 35766721
DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202204648 -
Beijing Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Feb 2016To evaluate the bone alteration subject to remodeling and analyze the esthetic result following immediate implant placement of incisors.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the bone alteration subject to remodeling and analyze the esthetic result following immediate implant placement of incisors.
METHODS
In this study, 20 patients (13 women, 7 men) were involved, who needed implants for incisors of maxilla. The patients received 23 immediate implants totally. On the day of surgery and 6 months after the implants were placed, Cone beam CT (CBCT) was taken. The thickness of the alveolar ridge and the vertical change of marginal bone levels onthe mesial and distal aspects of theimplants were measured using the computer software (PlanmecaRomexis Viewer 3.6.0.R). The evaluation of esthetic result by labial convexity score (LCS) and papilla index score (PIS) were analyzed pre-operation and one year after the final crown was delivered. The statistics with paired-t test for the measurement data and Willcoxon test for rating data were done by SPSS 20.0.
RESULTS
The survival rate in the two-year follow-up was 100%. The measuring point 1 (MP1), MP2, MP3 and MP4 (0, 2, 4, 6 mm apical to the implant platform, respectively) got significant alterations after 6 months of the follow-up. These differences were statistically significant (P<0.05).The major alteration happened at MP1 and MP4, which got (-0.89 ± 2.06) mm and (-0.75 ± 1.28) mm reduction of the alveolar, respectively. The marginal alveolar ridge resorption was (-0.42 ± 1.24) mm and(-0.91 ± 1.96) mm for Ankylos System and Replace System, respectively, and the difference was not statistical significant . The esthetic results were quite acceptable. Before treatment, 18 incisors rated 3 for LCS, and 2 incisors rated 4 for LCS;after final restoration, only 5 incisors rated 3 for LCS, and 14 incisors rated 2 for LCS. Before treatment, 15 incisors rated 3 for PIS; after final restoration, 13 incisors rated 3 for PIS. There was no statistically significant difference for the PIS pre-operation and 1 year after final restoration, while there was statistically significant negative change for LCS.
CONCLUSION
Even following the proper surgical technique, the alveolar ridge wall still can't be maintained after immediate implant placed in fresh socket of incisors. The inter-dental papilla could be well maintained, while due to the remodeling of labial bone, labial convexity will inevitably collapse. Therefore immediate implant still has esthetic risk.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Crowns; Dental Implants, Single-Tooth; Esthetics, Dental; Female; Humans; Immediate Dental Implant Loading; Incisor; Male; Maxilla; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Tooth Socket
PubMed: 26885921
DOI: No ID Found -
Scientific Reports Jun 2022Current rat alveolar ridge preservation models have not been well standardized. In this study, we proposed decoronation-induced infected alveolar socket model of rat....
Current rat alveolar ridge preservation models have not been well standardized. In this study, we proposed decoronation-induced infected alveolar socket model of rat. The bilateral maxillary first molars (M1) of twenty-four rats were decoronized or extracted. After 2, 6, 10, and 14 weeks, bone and soft tissue changes at M1 and periodontal conditions of maxillary second (M2) and third molars (M3) were evaluated by micro-computed tomography and histological analysis. Additional eighteen rats with standardized size defects were grafted with Bio-Oss Collagen to compare with unmanipulated contralateral side. Decoronation preserved greater bone and soft tissue dimensions at M1, provided larger three-dimensional (3D) bone contour volume, but also promoted periodontal breakdown of M2 Histological results showed intense inflammatory cell infiltrations and severe bone resorption within M1 socket and at mesial aspect of M2. The critical dimensions to accommodate largest standardized defect at M1 were 2.2-2.3 mm at vertical bone height and 2.8-3.2 mm at alveolar crestal width. Bio-Oss Collagen could not fully preserve buccal or palatal bone height but could be beneficial in preserving ridge width in large alveolar defects. Collectively, if periodontally-involved alveolar bone defect is preferred, we suggest extracting M1 roots 6 weeks after decoronation to allow periodontitis to occur at M2. If standardized critical dimension defect is preferred, we suggest extracting M1 roots 2 weeks after decoronation, and creating defect in the middle of M1 site with size no larger than 2.7 mm diameter to its full depth.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Collagen; Minerals; Periodontal Ligament; Rats; Tooth Extraction; Tooth Socket; X-Ray Microtomography
PubMed: 35705614
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14064-6 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Jun 2022When teeth are lost, dental implants contribute to improved oral function and quality of life. Limitations in dental implant placement arising from poor bone anatomy may...
The long-term impact of alveolar ridge preservation with xenograft bone mineral on peri-implant health after 5 years in function: A retrospective cohort study of 108 patients assessed clinically and radiologically.
OBJECTIVES
When teeth are lost, dental implants contribute to improved oral function and quality of life. Limitations in dental implant placement arising from poor bone anatomy may be circumvented via alveolar ridge preservation (ARP). The aim is to evaluate the long-term impact of ARP on peri-implant health and the relationship with common risk indicators such as smoking and history of periodontitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
One hundred and eight patients were enrolled in this retrospective cohort study with 308 implants. Of these, ∼41% were placed in bone sites that had previously received ARP with deproteinized bovine bone mineral xenograft. Association between baseline variables: ARP, age, gender, number of implants per patient, anatomical site, smoking, and previous history of grade III/IV periodontitis, and outcome variables: mucositis, peri-implantitis, implant loss, full-mouth plaque score (FMPS), full-mouth bleeding score, and marginal bone loss (MBL) was evaluated using both univariate and multivariate models.
RESULTS
After 5 years, the overall survival rate was 93.7%. The occurrence of peri-implantitis was 21.3% and the extent of MBL was ~2.2 mm. Both peri-implantitis occurrence and MBL were comparable between ARP and ARP . Smoking is associated with higher FMPS and MBL.
CONCLUSIONS
The findings indicate that peri-implant health can be maintained around dental implants for up to 5 years in ARP sites using Bio-Oss®. Smoking is a major risk indicator for peri-implantitis, whereas the association between history of periodontitis and the risk of peri-implantitis, based on this specific, well-maintained cohort and the specific implants used, remains inconclusive.
Topics: Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Cattle; Cohort Studies; Dental Implants; Heterografts; Humans; Minerals; Peri-Implantitis; Periodontitis; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 35510846
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.583 -
Medical Science Monitor : International... Aug 2018BACKGROUND Short dental implants are considered an alternative method of treatment to the maxillary sinus elevation and bone augmentation procedure at the sites of a... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND Short dental implants are considered an alternative method of treatment to the maxillary sinus elevation and bone augmentation procedure at the sites of a reduced alveolar ridge height. The aim of the study was to determine the most effective therapeutic approach for a single tooth replacement in a reduced maxillary alveolar crest. MATERIAL AND METHODS We enrolled 30 partially edentulous patients having a residual crestal height of 6 mm and a minimal width of the alveolar ridge of 6-7 mm: 15 patients received regular dental implants (OsseoSpeed™ L11 Ø4 mm and L13 Ø4 mm) and the implantation was preceded by the sinus lift procedure from a lateral window approach with the application of a xenogeneic bone graft, whereas the remaining 15 patients received short implants (OsseoSpeed™ L6 mm Ø4 mm) without the sinus lift and augmentation procedure. All implants were loaded with single non-splinted crowns. Radiological examination (CBCT, RVG) was performed before the surgery and after 36 months. Primary and secondary stabilization with Osstell ISQ® and Periotest® were assessed. RESULTS Good results in primary and secondary stability were achieved in both systems. The marginal bone level (MBL) loss was low (0.22±0.46 mm and 0.34±0.24 mm, for short and conventional implants, respectively). No significant difference in MBL between groups was found. CONCLUSIONS Short implants can be successfully used to support single crowns in the lateral part of the maxilla.
Topics: Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Bone Transplantation; Dental Implants; Dental Prosthesis Design; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Osseointegration; Sinus Floor Augmentation
PubMed: 30104560
DOI: 10.12659/MSM.910404 -
BioMed Research International 2018To evaluate, with three-dimensional analysis, the effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after maxillary molar extraction in reducing alveolar bone... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
Efficacy of Alveolar Ridge Preservation after Maxillary Molar Extraction in Reducing Crestal Bone Resorption and Sinus Pneumatization: A Multicenter Prospective Case-Control Study.
AIM
To evaluate, with three-dimensional analysis, the effectiveness of alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) after maxillary molar extraction in reducing alveolar bone resorption and maxillary sinus pneumatization when compared to unassisted socket healing.
METHODS
Patients were included in the study following inclusion criteria and underwent minimally traumatic maxillary molar extraction followed by ARP using synthetic nanohydroxyapatite (Fisiograft Bone, Ghimas, Italy) (test group) or unassisted socket healing (control group). Cone-beam computerized tomographies (CBCT) were performed immediately after tooth extraction (T0) and 6 months postoperatively (T1). CBCTs were superimposed by using a specific software (Amira, Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and the following items were analyzed in both groups: (i) postextractive maxillary sinus floor expansion in coronal direction and (ii) postextractive alveolar bone dimensional changes (both vertical and horizontal). All data were tested for normality and equality of variance and subsequently analyzed by independent samples T-test and Mann-Whitney test.
RESULTS
Thirty patients were treated by three centers and twenty-six (test n=13; control n=13) were included in the final analysis. Mean sinus pneumatization at T1 was 0.69±0.48 mm in the test group and 1.04±0.67 mm in the control group (p=0.15). Mean vertical reduction of the alveolar bone at T1 was 1.62±0.49 mm in the test group and 2.01±0.84 mm in the control group (p=0.08). Mean horizontal resorption of crestal bone at T1 was 2.73±1.68 mm in test group and 3.63±2.24 mm in control group (p=0.24).
CONCLUSIONS
It could be suggested that ARP performed after maxillary molar extraction may reduce the entity of sinus pneumatization and alveolar bone resorption, compared to unassisted socket healing. This technique could decrease the necessity of advanced regenerative procedures prior to dental implant placement in posterior maxilla.
Topics: Adult; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Alveolar Ridge Augmentation; Bone Resorption; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Female; Humans; Male; Maxilla; Maxillary Sinus; Middle Aged; Molar; Tooth Extraction
PubMed: 30519592
DOI: 10.1155/2018/9352130