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Bulletin of the New York Academy of... May 1971
Review
Topics: Amebiasis; Animals; Antibodies; Dysentery, Amebic; Entamoeba histolytica; Germ-Free Life; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Liver Abscess, Amebic; Rats; Virulence
PubMed: 4324404
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Mar 1982
Review
Topics: Diagnosis, Differential; Dysentery, Amebic; Entamoeba histolytica; Humans; Immunologic Techniques; Sigmoidoscopy
PubMed: 6279839
DOI: 10.1177/014107688207500309 -
Saudi Journal of Medicine & Medical... 2023Liver abscess is one of the hepatobiliary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has been scarcely described in the literature. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Liver abscess is one of the hepatobiliary manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that has been scarcely described in the literature.
OBJECTIVES
To conduct a scoping review to provide a detailed description of the occurrence of hepatic abscess in patients with IBD and summarize the observed clinical features.
METHODOLOGY
Searches were carried out using relevant keywords in Medline (via PubMed) and Web of Science from inception until June 13, 2022. Only articles that reported the occurrence of hepatic abscess in patients with IBD were included.
RESULTS
Forty-eight publications (40 case reports and 8 case series) were included, representing 73 patients with IBD who were radiologically or intraoperatively diagnosed with hepatic abscess. Patients with Crohn's disease were more predisposed to developing hepatic abscess than patients with ulcerative colitis (79.5% vs. 20.5%, respectively). Furthermore, pyogenic liver abscess was found to be more prevalent (57.9%) compared with aseptic (38.7%) and amebic (3.2%) abscesses. No clear relation was found between death or prolonged hospital stay in terms of the clinical presentation or management plan, as mortality was reported in different age groups with different managements.
CONCLUSION
To date, there is no consensus regarding the appropriate management of hepatic abscess as an extraintestinal manifestation of IBD. However, the condition shares several features with liver abscess diagnosed among the general population.
PubMed: 37970456
DOI: 10.4103/sjmms.sjmms_545_22 -
Molecular Microbiology Oct 2015The development of molecular microbiology has made it possible for us to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of amebiasis. Research using the trophozoite form... (Review)
Review
The development of molecular microbiology has made it possible for us to deepen our understanding of the pathogenesis of amebiasis. Research using the trophozoite form of Entamoeba histolytica has clearly shown us the importance of the interface between the parasite and host cells in vitro. Immuno-pathogenesis after excystation was similarly well advanced by the use of a novel murine model of amebic colitis. However, it is still challenging to apply these findings to clinical and epidemiological settings. This is mainly because of the lack of a complete infection animal model of amebiasis by oral-fecal infection. Moreover, in vitro experiments have predominantly been performed using the same axenic cultured strain HM-1: IMSS isolated about 50 years ago, whereas highly diverse strains are prevalent all over the world. Translational research informed by clinical observations has the greatest potential for the development of effective interventions. Here, we highlight discoveries of the experiments designed from cohort observation and discuss remaining problems to be solved.
Topics: Animals; Biomedical Research; Disease Models, Animal; Entamoeba histolytica; Entamoebiasis; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Mice; Molecular Biology; Virulence
PubMed: 26173474
DOI: 10.1111/mmi.13131 -
The Journal of International Medical... May 2020Amebiasis is a frequently occurring parasitic infection in South East Asia. We present a case of a 54-year-old man with right lower quadrant abdominal pain that...
Amebiasis is a frequently occurring parasitic infection in South East Asia. We present a case of a 54-year-old man with right lower quadrant abdominal pain that persisted for longer than 1 year. He had been diagnosed with inflammatory bowel disease in Indonesia. His abdominal pain persisted, despite therapy, and he visited Malaysia for transnational medical advice. Abdominal ultrasound showed fatty liver, gallbladder polyps, and a small left renal stone. Colonoscopy showed multiple ulcers in the cecum and a histopathological examination confirmed amebic infection of the cecum. The colonic ulcers subsided after anti-amebic treatment. This case highlights the need to consider the differential diagnosis of amebic colitis in patients presenting with manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease, especially in patients who live in or have traveled to endemic areas.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Amebiasis; Cecum; Colonic Diseases; Colonoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Dysentery, Amebic; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Malaysia; Male; Middle Aged; Ulcer; Ultrasonography
PubMed: 32475192
DOI: 10.1177/0300060520922379 -
BMC Research Notes Dec 2015Invasive amebiasis is not frequently seen in the United States. It is associated with considerable morbidity in patients residing in or traveling to endemic areas. We...
BACKGROUND
Invasive amebiasis is not frequently seen in the United States. It is associated with considerable morbidity in patients residing in or traveling to endemic areas. We report a case series of patients with amebic colitis in a United States-Mexico border city to alert physicians to the varied clinical manifestations.
CASE PRESENTATION
Nine patients were diagnosed with amebic colitis. Mean age was 56 (38-83), 6 were males, and all were Hispanic. Common symptoms were diarrhea (56 %), hematochezia (33 %) and abdominal bloating (11 %). The diagnosis of amebic colitis was established in the following ways: 8 patients by colonoscopy with biopsy, 1 by surgery for colonic obstruction. The diagnosis of amebic colitis was confirmed in 8 patients (89 %) by amebic trophozoites present in histopathologic sections. One patient was diagnosed with amebic colitis based upon clinical symptoms, colitis on colonoscopy and visualization of amebic trophozoites on stool examination. In the 8 patients in whom colonoscopy was done, 6 (75 %) had inflammation with rectosigmoid involvement and 5 (62.5 %) had ulcerations. Infection resolved after treatment with metronidazole in most patients; however, one patient developed a liver abscess and another had a colonic perforation and later developed a liver abscess.
CONCLUSION
The occurrence of amebic colitis in this United States-Mexico border city hospital population was low, but in some cases potentially life-threatening. Physicians should be alert to the less common presentations of amebic colitis, such as overt gastrointestinal bleeding, exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease, and the incidental finding of association with colon cancer, or a surgical abdomen. Rectosigmoid involvement was typically found on colonoscopy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Colitis; Colonoscopy; Diagnosis, Differential; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Entamoeba histolytica; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans; Liver Abscess, Amebic; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Trophozoites; United States
PubMed: 26666636
DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1787-3 -
Clinical Microbiology Reviews Apr 2000In spite of a wealth of knowledge on the biochemistry and cellular and molecular biology of Entamoeba histolytica, little has been done to apply these advances to our... (Review)
Review
In spite of a wealth of knowledge on the biochemistry and cellular and molecular biology of Entamoeba histolytica, little has been done to apply these advances to our understanding of the lesions observed in patients with intestinal amebiasis. In this review, the pathological and histological findings in acute amebic colitis are related to the molecular mechanisms of E. histolytica pathogenicity described to date. Infection of the human colon by E. histolytica produces focal ulceration of the intestinal mucosa, resulting in dysentery (diarrhea with blood and mucus). Although a complete picture has not yet been achieved, the basic mechanisms involved in the production of focal lytic lesions include complex multifactorial processes in which lectins facilitate adhesion, proteases degrade extracellular matrix components, porins help nourish the parasite and may also kill incoming polymorphonuclear leukocytes and macrophages, and motility is used by the parasite to invade deeper layers of the colon. In addition, E. histolytica has developed mechanisms to modulate the immune response during acute infection. Nevertheless, much still needs to be unraveled to understand how this microscopic parasite has earned its well-deserved histolytic name.
Topics: Animals; Colon; Dysentery, Amebic; Entamoeba histolytica; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Protozoan Proteins; Rectum; Ulcer
PubMed: 10756002
DOI: 10.1128/CMR.13.2.318 -
Surgical Case Reports Jan 2021Amoebiasis caused by the protozoan species Entamoeba histolytica rarely develops into fulminant amoebic colitis (FAC), but when it does, it shows an aggressive clinical...
BACKGROUND
Amoebiasis caused by the protozoan species Entamoeba histolytica rarely develops into fulminant amoebic colitis (FAC), but when it does, it shows an aggressive clinical course including colonic perforation, necrotizing colitis, and high mortality. Surgical treatment for FAC patients should be carried out urgently. However, even after surgery, the mortality rate can be 40-50%. Although FAC is one of the most unfavorable surgical diseases with a poor prognosis, there are a few reports on the perioperative diagnosis and management of FAC based on autopsy findings. We herein report the surgical case of a 64-year-old man who developed multiple colon necrosis and perforation due to FAC. A detailed autopsy revealed FAC as the cause of death. Additionally, we reviewed the existing literature on FAC patients who underwent surgery and followed their perioperative diagnosis and management.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 64-year-old man presented with anorexia, diarrhea, and altered consciousness on arrival to our hospital. Computed tomography revealed a large mass in the upper right lobe of his lung, and the patient was admitted for close investigation. Bloody diarrhea, lower abdominal pain, and hypotension were observed soon after admission. Urgent abdominal contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan revealed extensive intestinal ischemia, intestinal pneumatosis, and free intra-abdominal gas. The preoperative diagnosis was bowel necrosis and perforation with intussusception of the small intestinal tumor. Emergency subtotal colectomy and enterectomy were performed soon after the contrast-enhanced computed tomography. He was taken to an intensive care unit after surgery. However, he could not recover from sepsis and died with disseminated intravascular coagulation and multiple organ failure on the 10th-day post-surgery. A histopathological examination of the resected colon showed transmural necrosis and massive amoebae invasion. He was diagnosed with FAC. An autopsy revealed that he had developed pulmonary large cell carcinoma with small intestinal metastasis. The death was caused by intestinal ischemia, necrosis and the perforation of the residual bowel caused by amoebae invasion.
CONCLUSIONS
Since FAC is a lethal disease with a high mortality rate and antibiotic therapies except metronidazole are ineffective, preoperative serological testing and perioperative metronidazole therapy in FAC patients can dramatically improve their survival rates.
PubMed: 33469722
DOI: 10.1186/s40792-020-01095-2 -
Journal of Infection in Developing... Mar 2020Endolimax nana is a commensal protozoan of the colon. We report a case of chronic urticaria associated with E. nana in a 34-year-old Italian woman. The patient suffered...
Endolimax nana is a commensal protozoan of the colon. We report a case of chronic urticaria associated with E. nana in a 34-year-old Italian woman. The patient suffered from abdominal pain, diarrhoea and weight loss. The disease appeared after a trip to Vietnam. Laboratory examinations showed mild blood eosinophilia. Three coproparasitological examinations were positive for cysts of E. nana. The patient was successfully treated with two courses of metronidazole (2 g/day for 10 days each). No antihistamines were used. Three coproparasitological examinations, carried out at the end of the therapy, were negative. Follow up (six months) was negative. E. nana can be responsible for very rare cases of abdominal pain, diarrhoea, polyarthritis and urticaria.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Antiprotozoal Agents; Dysentery, Amebic; Endolimax; Feces; Female; Humans; Italy; Metronidazole; Travel; Urticaria
PubMed: 32235095
DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12389 -
PLoS Pathogens 2013
Review
Topics: Animals; Colon; Dysentery, Amebic; Entamoeba histolytica; Entamoebiasis; Host-Parasite Interactions; Humans
PubMed: 23990778
DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1003489