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The Pan African Medical Journal 2018Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits histological features of ameloblastoma in combination with cytological atypia. It may arise... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits histological features of ameloblastoma in combination with cytological atypia. It may arise de novo or secondarily through malignant de-differentiation of pre-existing ameloblastoma or odontogenic cyst. Secondary ameloblastic carcinomas often results from repeated surgical intervention, which is a mainstay of odontogenic tumor management in resource limited settings. To date, relatively few cases of ameloblastic carcinomas have been reported and many cases have been misdiagnosed as ameloblastoma. This is due to its wide range of clinicopathological feature which range from indolent to aggressive. It may present as an aggressive ulcerated mass or as a simple cystic lesion; hence, it often challenging to delineate from its benign counterpart, ameloblastoma.
METHODS
this study reviewed the clinicopathological data on 157 cases of odontogenic tumors diagnosed over a 10 years period from the pathology archive of the Oral Pathology Unit of Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, Nigeria.
RESULTS
of all these cases, we identified that 64.9% were Ameloblastomas, while 8.3% were ameloblastic carcinomas. Primary subtypes of ameloblastic carcinoma constituted 23.08%, while 69.23% of the cases were of the secondary subtype. We also found that the secondary subtype of ameloblastic carcinomas showed a higher mean duration value of 7.7 years. Most lesions were found in posterior mandible and presented with ulceration, perforation and ill-defined borders radiographically.
CONCLUSION
this study is among the few that have documented higher frequency of secondary ameloblastic carcinoma in the scientific literature.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Ameloblastoma; Child, Preschool; Female; Hospitals, Teaching; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nigeria; Odontogenic Cysts; Odontogenic Tumors; Retrospective Studies; Young Adult
PubMed: 31497184
DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2018.31.208.14660 -
Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 2022Ameloblastic carcinoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor that most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. Metastatic disease may develop insidiously and...
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a locally aggressive odontogenic tumor that most commonly affects young and middle-aged adults. Metastatic disease may develop insidiously and manifest months or years after the initial diagnosis. Herein, we describe the clinical, imaging, and pathologic findings of a 31-year-old male who presented to the emergency department with headache and vision loss of 3 months duration and was subsequently found to have ameloblastic carcinoma with hepatic metastases. Initial computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging revealed a multilocular cystic mass with avidly-enhancing nodular soft-tissue components associated with the right temporal fossa. Histologic examination of a tissue sample showed findings consistent with ameloblastic carcinoma. An initial staging CT scan showed several small hepatic cystic lesions. Follow-up surveillance imaging showed interval growth. A subsequent biopsy of a hepatic lesion showed findings compatible with metastatic ameloblastic carcinoma. The patient was started on systemic chemotherapy with evidence of disease progression at 1-year follow-up.
PubMed: 36601607
DOI: 10.25259/JCIS_115_2022 -
Oncology Letters Jan 2015Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that tends to occur in the mandible rather than in the maxilla. This malignancy is classified as a...
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that tends to occur in the mandible rather than in the maxilla. This malignancy is classified as a tumor that combines the morphological features of ameloblastoma and carcinoma, regardless of the presence or absence of metastasis. In addition, AC has been classified into two types, primary and secondary. The former develops and the latter develops by malignant transformation of a pre-existing benign ameloblastoma. The present study describes the case of a 22-year-old patient with primary AC of the maxilla. A review of the literature focusing on the clinical details, treatment results and histopathological and phenotypic information available for ameloblastic carcinoma of the maxilla from a 60-year period was also performed. As a result, it was found that primary AC is dominant in the maxilla and does not exhibit an aggressive phenotype compared with secondary AC. In addition, the presence of recurrence was found to correlate with mortality, indicating that early, aggressive and complete removal of the tumor is the best treatment for survival.
PubMed: 25436009
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2014.2654 -
BMJ Case Reports Dec 2021Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits diverse clinical and radiological presentations. In fact there are several differential...
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a rare malignant odontogenic neoplasm that exhibits diverse clinical and radiological presentations. In fact there are several differential diagnoses during histopathological evaluation too. Lack of adequate reports could not establish the predominant demographic, clinical and radiological presentations. For the same reasons, the role of adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy is also unsubstantiated yet. This case discusses the innocuous clinical and radiological presentation of ameloblastic carcinoma in a 55-year-old man where the diagnostic confirmation was achieved through histopathological evaluation. The differential diagnoses, treatment and follow-up details of this case are discussed in light of the previous published case reports and systematic reviews of case reports in an attempt to increase the sensitisation among dentists towards ameloblastic carcinoma.
Topics: Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Diagnosis, Differential; Humans; Male; Mandibular Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Odontogenic Tumors
PubMed: 34906959
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-246907 -
Medicina Oral, Patologia Oral Y Cirugia... Mar 2021The caveolin-1 protein (structural component of membrane caveolae) plays important roles in several biological functions, such as endocytosis, cell adhesion, and cell...
BACKGROUND
The caveolin-1 protein (structural component of membrane caveolae) plays important roles in several biological functions, such as endocytosis, cell adhesion, and cell signaling. However, this protein has been associated with mechanisms of tumorigenesis in several neoplasms. The expression patterns and roles of caveolin-1 in the oral epithelium and in embryonic and odontogenic tumor tissues are still unclear.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The expression of caveolin-1 was evaluated in samples of the normal gingival epithelium (n=7), human tooth germ (TG) (n=12), ameloblastoma (AM) (n=83), and ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) (n=9) by immunohistochemistry. Additionally, AM samples were analyzed by qRT-PCR and Western blot.
RESULTS
Most TG (91.7%), AM (73.5%) and AC (100%) samples showed diverse patterns of immunohistochemical positivity for caveolin-1, while only one gingival sample was positive. The transcript levels of cav-1 were significantly upregulated by 14.9-fold in AM tissue (P = 0.0014) compared to those in normal gingival epithelial tissue, as shown by qRT-PCR. Presence of caveolin-1 protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The caveolin-1 immunoexpression patterns throughout the stages of TG show its importance during odontogenesis.
CONCLUSIONS
The overexpression of caveolin-1 in AM and AC compared to its expression in normal gingival epithelium (adult tissue) suggests a possible role of caveolin-1 in protumoral events, but due to the similar immunoexpression observed in AM and AC, caveolin-1 may not necessarily participate in the malignant transformation process. However, future studies are needed to clarify and confirm these hypotheses.
Topics: Adult; Ameloblastoma; Carcinoma; Caveolin 1; Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Tooth Germ
PubMed: 33037799
DOI: 10.4317/medoral.24151 -
Archives of Iranian Medicine Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Odontogenic Tumors; Immunohistochemistry; Carcinoma; Mandibular Neoplasms
PubMed: 37543901
DOI: 10.34172/aim.2022.119 -
National Journal of Maxillofacial... 2018Ameloblastic carcinoma is considered to be a rare epithelial malignant neoplasm of odontogenic origin occurring mainly in the mandible. Ameloblastic carcinoma has been a... (Review)
Review
Ameloblastic carcinoma is considered to be a rare epithelial malignant neoplasm of odontogenic origin occurring mainly in the mandible. Ameloblastic carcinoma has been a topic of controversy regarding management from past many years. We reviewed 86 cases of mandibular ameloblastic carcinoma from 1981 to 2014, on the basis of the electronic search of peer-reviewed journals in MEDLINE (PubMed) database. Age, sex, tumor size, treatment delivered, recurrence, metastasis, follow-up period, and dead/alive status are tabulated, and the data are analyzed. The mean age was 43.47 years with standard deviation ± 21.09. The age range was between 15 and 91 years, and male to female ratio was 2.18:1. Knowledge gained from the present review would help in establishing the best therapeutic options for ameloblastic carcinoma, and it also encourages the further reporting of ameloblastic carcinoma.
PubMed: 29937652
DOI: 10.4103/njms.NJMS_33_16 -
Maxillofacial Plastic and... Apr 2023Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant form of ameloblastoma and a very rare odontogenic tumor. We report a case of ameloblastic carcinoma that occurred after removal of...
BACKGROUND
Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant form of ameloblastoma and a very rare odontogenic tumor. We report a case of ameloblastic carcinoma that occurred after removal of a right-sided mandibular dental implant.
CASE PRESENTATION
A 72-year-old female patient visited her family dentist with a complaint of pain around a lower right implant placed 37 years previously. Although the dental implant was removed with the diagnosis of peri-implantitis, the patient experienced dullness of sensation in the lower lip and was followed up by her dentist, but after no improvement. She was referred to a highly specialized institution where she was diagnosed with osteomyelitis and treated the patient with medication; however, there was no improvement. In addition, granulation was observed in the same area leading to a suspicion of malignancy, and the patient was referred to our oral cancer center. The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma was made after a biopsy at our hospital. Under general anesthesia, the patient underwent mandibulectomy, right-sided neck dissection, free flap reconstruction with an anterolateral thigh flap, immediate reconstruction with a metal plate, and tracheostomy. Histological analysis of the resected specimen on hematoxylin and eosin staining showed structures reminiscent of enamel pulp and squamous epithelium in the center of the tumor. The tumor cells were highly atypical, with nuclear staining, hypertrophy, irregular nuclear size, and irregular nuclear shape, all of which were suggestive of cancer. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that Ki-67 was expressed in more than 80% of the targeted area, and the final diagnosis was primary ameloblastic carcinoma.
CONCLUSION
After reconstructive flap transplantation, occlusion was re-established using a maxillofacial prosthesis. The patient remained disease-free at the 1-year 3-month follow-up.
PubMed: 37101080
DOI: 10.1186/s40902-023-00380-y -
Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial... 2022Jaw bones can be afflicted by to a diverse group of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive/inflammatory, cystic lesions to tumors and tumor-like lesions.
CONTEXT
Jaw bones can be afflicted by to a diverse group of lesions ranging from developmental, reactive/inflammatory, cystic lesions to tumors and tumor-like lesions.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this study is to determine the relative frequency, demographic and pathologic profiles of patients with intraosseous jaw lesions from Thailand.
SUBJECTS AND METHODS
Biopsy records from 1995 to 2019 were reviewed. Age, gender and location of the lesions were collected from the biopsy records. Data were analyzed by appropriate statistics using the IBM SPSS software version 22.0.
RESULTS
From 23,344 accessioned cases, 7382 cases (31.62%) were encountered within the jaw bones. Age of the participants ranged from 1 to 96 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 36.05 ± 17.80 years. Pediatric participants (aged ≤16 years) comprised 13.80% of all the participants, whereas the geriatric ones (aged ≥65 years) accounted for 7.55%. The male-to-female ratio was 0.89:1. The majority of lesions were observed in the mandible. The most prevalent intra-osseous jaw lesion was radicular cyst followed by dentigerous cyst and ameloblastoma. The most common malignant tumor was osteosarcoma followed by ameloblastic carcinoma and lymphoma. Among the pediatric participants, dentigerous cyst was the most prevalent jaw lesion, while that in the geriatric participants was radicular cyst.
CONCLUSIONS
This is the largest study on intra-osseous jaw lesions encompassing several pathological entities ever conducted from Thailand. It thus provides an invaluable database for clinicians to formulate a differential diagnosis as well as for the pathologists to render the final diagnosis. The results of this study are in accordance with previous studies in general.
PubMed: 37082059
DOI: 10.4103/jomfp.jomfp_284_21 -
Oncology Letters Dec 2016Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor that can be difficult to differentiate from ameloblastoma and can arise directly as an...
Ameloblastic carcinoma (AC) is an uncommon malignant odontogenic tumor that can be difficult to differentiate from ameloblastoma and can arise directly as an undifferentiated lesion or from a pre-existing benign lesion. The current study presents a novel case of primary maxillary AC and review the literature on AC of the maxilla. The review of the literature indicates that secondary tumors and posterior localization are associated with a higher tendency for recurrence and, often, multiple recurrences. Surgical therapy, eventually followed by radiotherapy, is the treatment modality most frequently applied, while the role of chemotherapy remains unclear. Several new cases of maxillary AC have been recently described in literature, making this pathology more frequent than previously considered; this is perhaps an indication of an increased diagnostic sensibility, rather than a real increase in the incidence of the disease itself.
PubMed: 28105148
DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5272