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Zeitschrift Fur Naturforschung. C,... 1992Analysis of the marking fluid of two tigers (one Bengal and one Sumatran) by GC using an amine-specific column and a nitrogen-specific detector has shown the presence of...
Analysis of the marking fluid of two tigers (one Bengal and one Sumatran) by GC using an amine-specific column and a nitrogen-specific detector has shown the presence of the following amines: ammonia, methylamine, dimethylamine, trimethylamine, triethylamine, propylamine, and butane-1,4-diamine (putrescine). In contrast to previously published reports, we were unable to detect 2-phenylethylamine. The anal sac secretion was found to have a similar amine content.
Topics: Amines; Anal Sacs; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Carnivora; Chromatography, Gas; Female; Odorants
PubMed: 1388518
DOI: 10.1515/znc-1992-7-821 -
Canine Medicine and Genetics May 2023The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care...
BACKGROUND
The English Cocker Spaniel (ECS) is a common family dog in the UK. This study aimed to describe demography, morbidity, and mortality in ECS under primary veterinary care in the UK during 2016 using data from the VetCompass™ Programme. This study hypothesised that the prevalence of aggression is higher in male than female ECS, and higher in solid-coloured than bi-coloured ECS.
RESULTS
English Cocker Spaniels comprised 10,313/336,865 (3.06%) of dogs under primary veterinary care during 2016. The median age was 4.57 years (inter-quartile range (IQR) 2.25-8.01) and the median adult bodyweight was 15.05 kg (IQR 13.12-17.35). The annual proportional birth rate was relatively stable between 2.97-3.51% from 2005-2016. The most common specific diagnoses were periodontal disease (n = 486, prevalence 20.97%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 19.31-22.62), otitis externa (n = 234, 10.09%, 95% CI: 8.87-11.32), obesity (n = 229, 9.88%, 95% CI: 8.66-11.09), anal sac impaction (n = 187, 8.07%, 95% CI: 6.96-9.18), diarrhoea (n = 113, 4.87%, 95% CI: 4.00-5.75), and aggression (n = 93, 4.01%, 95% CI: 3.21-4.81). The prevalence of aggression was higher in males (4.95%) than in females (2.87%) (P = 0.015) and in solid-coloured (7.00%) than in bi-coloured dogs (3.66%) (P = 0.010). The median age at death was 11.44 years (IQR 9.46-13.47) and the most common grouped causes of death were neoplasia (n = 10, 9.26%, 95% CI: 3.79-14.73), mass-associated disorders (n = 9, 8.33%, 95% CI: 4.45-15.08), and collapse (n = 8, 7.41%, 95% CI: 3.80-13.94).
CONCLUSIONS
Periodontal disease, otitis externa, and obesity are identified as the most common health issues for ECS, and neoplasia and mass-associated disorders as the most common reasons for death. The prevalence of aggression was higher in males and solid-coloured dogs. The results can aid veterinarians in giving evidence-based health and breed choice information to dog owners and highlights the importance of thorough oral examination and body condition score evaluation during routine veterinary examination of ECS.
PubMed: 37202773
DOI: 10.1186/s40575-023-00128-x -
Open Veterinary Journal 2021Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of anticancer drugs with the delivery of electric pulses, thus increasing the drug uptake through the cell...
BACKGROUND
Electrochemotherapy (ECT) combines the administration of anticancer drugs with the delivery of electric pulses, thus increasing the drug uptake through the cell membranes, resulting in increased efficacy.
AIM
The aim of our study was to describe the tolerability and efficacy of ECT alone or in association with other treatment modalities for the management of apocrine gland anal sac adenocarcinoma (AGASAC).
METHODS
Medical records of dogs with a diagnosis of AGASAC that were treated with ECT alone or in combination with surgery/chemotherapy were retrospectively evaluated. Each dog received 20 mg/m of bleomycin intravenously. Based on the clinician's decision, the primary tumor or tumor bed was also infiltrated with cisplatin at the dose of 0.5 mg/cm. Trains of permeabilizing biphasic electric pulses were then applied under general anesthesia.
RESULTS
Ten dogs were enrolled in the study. Of those 10 dogs, only one received ECT for treatment of microscopic local disease, while in six cases ECT was the only treatment modality. In three dogs, ECT was followed by systemic medical treatment. Six dogs (60%) had a partial response (PR), three dogs (30%) had stable disease, and one dog treated for microscopic disease did not show any sign of local relapse for 305 days after treatment, being still alive and in complete remission at the time of writing this article. The median time to progression was 303 days and the median survival time was 365 days. The treatment was well tolerated and local side effects were minimal. No systemic effects were documented.
CONCLUSION
This preliminary study suggests that ECT may be beneficial for dogs with AGASAC and could be a useful addition to the current therapeutic options in consideration of its low cost, limited toxicity, and ease of administration.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Anal Gland Neoplasms; Anal Sacs; Animals; Apocrine Glands; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electrochemotherapy; Female; Male; Retrospective Studies; Sebaceous Gland Neoplasms
PubMed: 33898290
DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v11i1.15 -
Radiology Case Reports Aug 2021A 40-year-old female (gravida 3 para 1) presented with menstrual, urinary, and anal pain. Computed tomography revealed type II acquired uterine arteriovenous...
A 40-year-old female (gravida 3 para 1) presented with menstrual, urinary, and anal pain. Computed tomography revealed type II acquired uterine arteriovenous malformation, a common dilated venous sac with bilateral uterine arteries, and multiple branches of iliac arteries draining to the bilateral ovarian veins. Venous sac transvenous embolization via the left ovarian vein of dominant outflow was planned, since complete arteriovenous malformation occlusion was difficult with super-selective transarterial embolization of multiple feeders. Therefore, transarterial embolization of the minor feeder was performed before completing transvenous embolization using coils and 50% glue under left iliac artery flow control. Immediately thereafter, angiography confirmed the complete disappearance of the uterine arteriovenous malformation, and all pain symptoms remitted. In conclusion, transvenous embolization combined with adjunctive transarterial embolization can be an effective and radical treatment for type II uterine arteriovenous malformations.
PubMed: 34158882
DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.05.013 -
Medical Image Analysis Apr 2021Graph convolution networks (GCN) have been successfully applied in disease prediction tasks as they capture interactions (i.e., edges and edge weights on the graph)...
Graph convolution networks (GCN) have been successfully applied in disease prediction tasks as they capture interactions (i.e., edges and edge weights on the graph) between individual elements. The interactions in existing works are constructed by fusing similarity between imaging information and distance between non-imaging information, whereas disregarding the disease status of those individuals in the training set. Besides, the similarity is being evaluated by computing the correlation distance between feature vectors, which limits prediction performance, especially for predicting significant memory concern (SMC) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In this paper, we propose three mechanisms to improve GCN, namely similarity-aware adaptive calibrated GCN (SAC-GCN), for predicting SMC and MCI. First, we design a similarity-aware graph using different receptive fields to consider disease status. The labelled subjects on the graph are only connected with those labelled subjects with the same status. Second, we propose an adaptive mechanism to evaluate similarity. Specifically, we construct initial GCN with evaluating similarity by using traditional correlation distance, then pre-train the initial GCN by using training samples and use it to score all subjects. Then, the difference between these scores replaces correlation distance to update similarity. Last, we devise a calibration mechanism to fuse functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) information into edges. The proposed method is tested on the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset. Experimental results demonstrate that our proposed method is useful to predict disease-induced deterioration and superior to other related algorithms, with a mean classification accuracy of 86.83% in our prediction tasks.
Topics: Algorithms; Alzheimer Disease; Calibration; Diffusion Tensor Imaging; Humans; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 33388456
DOI: 10.1016/j.media.2020.101947 -
World Journal of Clinical Cases Oct 2022The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural...
BACKGROUND
The management of dural tears is important. While a massive dura can be repaired with absorbable suture lines, cerebrospinal fluid leakage can be attenuated by dural sealant when an unintended tiny durotomy occurs intraoperatively. DuraSeal is often used because it can expand to seal tears. This case emphasizes the need for caution when DuraSeal is used as high expansion can cause complications following microlaminectomy.
CASE SUMMARY
A 77-year-old woman presented with L2/3 and L3/4 lateral recess stenosis. She underwent microlaminectomy, foraminal decompression, and disk height restoration using an IntraSPINE device. A tiny incident durotomy occurred intraoperatively and was sealed using DuraSeal. However, decreased muscle power, urinary incontinence, and absence of anal reflexes were observed postoperatively. Emergent magnetic resonance imaging revealed fluid collection causing thecal sac indentation and central canal compression. Surgical exploration revealed that the gel-like DuraSeal had entrapped the hematoma and, consequently, compressed the thecal sac and nerve roots. While we removed all DuraSeal and exposed the nerve root, the patient's neurological function did not recover postoperatively.
CONCLUSION
DuraSeal expansion must not be underestimated. Changes in neurological status require investigation for cauda equina syndrome due to expansion.
PubMed: 36338214
DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i30.11178 -
The Indian Journal of Surgery Feb 2015A newborn delivered by Caesarian section presented with an absent anterior abdominal wall and visible bowel loops and liver. The defect was covered by a thin membrane....
A newborn delivered by Caesarian section presented with an absent anterior abdominal wall and visible bowel loops and liver. The defect was covered by a thin membrane. The patient had associated absent left lower limb and right foot fusion defect. The patient was haemodynamically stable; general condition was average. No genito-urinary abnormality was detected. The anal opening was present normally, and the patient passed meconium immediately after birth. A diagnosis of omphalocele major with amelia was made. The patient was initially managed by topical application of povidone-iodine for eschar formation and epithelisation of the sac. The patient was discharged after 1 week with advice for regular follow-up.
PubMed: 25829718
DOI: 10.1007/s12262-013-0805-8 -
PloS One 2014Purebred dog health is thought to be compromised by an increasing occurence of inherited diseases but inadequate prevalence data on common disorders have hampered...
Purebred dog health is thought to be compromised by an increasing occurence of inherited diseases but inadequate prevalence data on common disorders have hampered efforts to prioritise health reforms. Analysis of primary veterinary practice clinical data has been proposed for reliable estimation of disorder prevalence in dogs. Electronic patient record (EPR) data were collected on 148,741 dogs attending 93 clinics across central and south-eastern England. Analysis in detail of a random sample of EPRs relating to 3,884 dogs from 89 clinics identified the most frequently recorded disorders as otitis externa (prevalence 10.2%, 95% CI: 9.1-11.3), periodontal disease (9.3%, 95% CI: 8.3-10.3) and anal sac impaction (7.1%, 95% CI: 6.1-8.1). Using syndromic classification, the most prevalent body location affected was the head-and-neck (32.8%, 95% CI: 30.7-34.9), the most prevalent organ system affected was the integument (36.3%, 95% CI: 33.9-38.6) and the most prevalent pathophysiologic process diagnosed was inflammation (32.1%, 95% CI: 29.8-34.3). Among the twenty most-frequently recorded disorders, purebred dogs had a significantly higher prevalence compared with crossbreds for three: otitis externa (P = 0.001), obesity (P = 0.006) and skin mass lesion (P = 0.033), and popular breeds differed significantly from each other in their prevalence for five: periodontal disease (P = 0.002), overgrown nails (P = 0.004), degenerative joint disease (P = 0.005), obesity (P = 0.001) and lipoma (P = 0.003). These results fill a crucial data gap in disorder prevalence information and assist with disorder prioritisation. The results suggest that, for maximal impact, breeding reforms should target commonly-diagnosed complex disorders that are amenable to genetic improvement and should place special focus on at-risk breeds. Future studies evaluating disorder severity and duration will augment the usefulness of the disorder prevalence information reported herein.
Topics: Animals; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Electronic Health Records; England; Female; Hospitals, Animal; Male; Prevalence
PubMed: 24594665
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090501 -
Journal of the American Veterinary... Aug 2009To evaluate effectiveness of a combination of topically applied tacrolimus, orally administered prednisone, and a novel-protein diet for treatment of perianal sinuses in... (Clinical Trial)
Clinical Trial
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate effectiveness of a combination of topically applied tacrolimus, orally administered prednisone, and a novel-protein diet for treatment of perianal sinuses in dogs and to monitor clinical progress and owner management of the condition for 2 years.
DESIGN
Noncontrolled clinical trial. Animals-19 dogs with perianal sinuses. Procedures-Perianal sinuses were diagnosed during physical examination, and dogs were placed on a 16-week treatment protocol consisting of topically applied 0.1% tacrolimus ointment, orally administered prednisone (tapering dose), and a novel-protein diet. Metronidazole was orally administered for the first 2 weeks. Anal sacculectomy was recommended whenever anal sacs were involved. Dogs were evaluated every month for the first 4 months and then every 6 to 12 weeks for 2 years.
RESULTS
Perianal sinuses resolved completely in 15 of 19 dogs during the 16 weeks. In the remaining 4 dogs, the lesions markedly improved but failed to completely resolve. Three of these had anal sac involvement, and the owner of 1 dog had complied poorly with treatment instructions. During the 2 years following treatment, all dogs were maintained on intermittently applied tacrolimus ointment, 4 dogs also received prednisone every other day, and 11 dogs remained on the novel-protein diet. At the conclusion of the study, 13 of the 15 dogs that survived to that point were free of perianal disease.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
The described protocol was effective and economical for resolving perianal sinuses. Dogs maintained on intermittent medications were unlikely to redevelop lesions. When the anal sacs were involved, anal sacculectomy appeared to improve the outcome.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Administration, Topical; Anal Sacs; Animals; Dietary Proteins; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Metronidazole; Perianal Glands; Prednisone; Rectal Fistula; Tacrolimus; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 19681720
DOI: 10.2460/javma.235.4.397 -
Journal of Fish Biology Jun 2017Larval development and allometric growth patterns of the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi are described from a larval series (body length, L...
Larval development and allometric growth patterns of the black-faced blenny Tripterygion delaisi are described from a larval series (body length, L = 3·30-12·10 mm) caught by light traps at the Arrábida Marine Park, Portugal. Larvae of T. delaisi possess distinctive morphometric and meristic characteristics which can be used to identify this species from related taxa. Pigmentation is sparse but characteristic, consisting of pigmented eyes, gas bladder pigmentation in the dorsal region, anal pigmentation and a row of regularly spaced postanal ventral melanophores. This pattern is present from as early as the yolk-sac stage and persists throughout all stages with just the addition of head and caudal pigmentation during the flexion and postflexion stages, respectively. The majority of fin development (with the exception of the caudal fin), occurs in the later stages of development. Myomere counts range between 37 and 45 for all stages. Growth is allometric during larval development. When inflexion points of growth were detected, growth was found to be biphasic with the inflexion points occurring within a very narrow range of L (8·70-8·90 mm) close to the mean ± s.d. (9·44 ± 1·48 mm L ) of postflexion larvae. Considering allometric growth patterns and ontogenetic descriptions together, the first developmental phase includes the preflexion and flexion stage larvae, while the second phase characterises the postflexion larvae prior to the transition from larvae to juvenile.
Topics: Animal Fins; Animals; Fishes; Larva; Pigmentation; Portugal
PubMed: 28369894
DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13286