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ERJ Open Research Apr 2018We present an extensive review of the literature to date pertaining to the rationale for using a spacer/valved holding chamber (VHC) to deliver inhaled therapy from a... (Review)
Review
We present an extensive review of the literature to date pertaining to the rationale for using a spacer/valved holding chamber (VHC) to deliver inhaled therapy from a pressurised, metered-dose inhaler, a discussion of how the properties of individual devices may vary according to their physical characteristics and materials of manufacture, the potential risks and benefits of ancillaries such as valves, and the evidence that they contribute tangibly to the delivery of therapy. We also reiterate practical recommendations for the correct usage and maintenance of spacers/VHCs, which we trust offer practical help and advice to patients and healthcare professionals alike.
PubMed: 29928649
DOI: 10.1183/23120541.00065-2018 -
Cancer Cytopathology Aug 2018The cytologic diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms has undergone many advances due to the development of numerous useful immunohistochemical markers and molecular assays... (Review)
Review
The cytologic diagnosis of soft tissue neoplasms has undergone many advances due to the development of numerous useful immunohistochemical markers and molecular assays that target specific molecular alterations. Ancillary tests, when used in conjunction with clinical, radiologic, and cytomorphologic features, allow for more accurate classification and refinement of differential diagnoses of soft tissue neoplasms. Soft tissue tumors encompass a diverse group of tumors showing a wide range of cytomorphologies that can be broadly grouped as lipomatous, myxoid, spindled, pleomorphic, round cell, and epithelioid. This pattern-based classification enables the formation of appropriate differentials; however, entities that share these basic morphologic patterns may vary greatly in their clinical behavior. The breadth of soft tissue tumors that can be diagnosed on cytologic preparations continues to increase with identification of defining molecular alterations that can be detected by conventional means (eg, fluorescence in situ hybridization) or by immunohistochemical surrogates. Furthermore, the emergence of high-throughput molecular techniques (eg, next generation sequencing) has potential roles for additional discovery and diagnostic applications. This review highlights the diagnostic role of ancillary tests in the context of a pattern-based approach to soft tissue cytology. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;000:000-000. © 2018 American Cancer Society.
Topics: Biomarkers, Tumor; Cytodiagnosis; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Pattern Recognition, Automated; Soft Tissue Neoplasms
PubMed: 30156774
DOI: 10.1002/cncy.22030 -
Health Education & Behavior : the... Oct 2018This study evaluated the associations among perceived risk, perceived efficacy, and engagement in six cancer-related risk behaviors in a population-based Hispanic/Latino...
This study evaluated the associations among perceived risk, perceived efficacy, and engagement in six cancer-related risk behaviors in a population-based Hispanic/Latino sample. Interviews were conducted with 5,313 Hispanic/Latino adults as part of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study. Participants were recruited from the study's four field centers (Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL; Miami, FL; San Diego, CA) between February 2010 and June 2011. Perceived risk and perceived efficacy were assessed with questions drawn from the Health Interview National Trends Survey. More than half of the sample endorsed perceived risk of cancer associated with the six evaluated behaviors, as well as general perceived efficacy for preventing cancer. Adjusted logistic regression analyses demonstrated significant differences across Hispanic/Latino background groups for perceived risk associated with high consumption of alcohol and saturated fat, low consumption of fruits and vegetables, and insufficient exercise but not with smoking or low consumption of fiber. Differences were also found for the belief, "It seems like everything causes cancer" but not for other perceived efficacy items. Perceived cancer risk and perceived efficacy for preventing cancer were neither independently nor interactively associated with engagement in cancer-related risk behaviors after controlling for sociodemographic covariates. Results suggest that perceptions of risk and efficacy with regard to cancer vary across Hispanic/Latino background groups, and therefore background group differences should be considered in prevention efforts. Perceived risk and perceived efficacy were not related to cancer-related risk behaviors among Hispanics/Latinos. Further work is needed to evaluate determinants of cancer-related risk in this population.
Topics: Adult; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Neoplasms; Perception; Prospective Studies; Risk-Taking; United States
PubMed: 29284295
DOI: 10.1177/1090198117744242 -
Psychosomatic Medicine 2017Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are implicated in diseases of adulthood. We report the prevalence of ACEs in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and their association with...
Childhood Trauma and Adult Risk Factors and Disease in Hispanics/Latinos in the US: Results From the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) Sociocultural Ancillary Study.
OBJECTIVE
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are implicated in diseases of adulthood. We report the prevalence of ACEs in Hispanics/Latinos in the US and their association with major risk factors and diseases in adulthood.
METHODS
Data from the Sociocultural Ancillary Study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL) were used. The Sociocultural Ancillary Study of the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos is an epidemiological study conducted in four urban communities in the US: Bronx, Chicago, Miami, and San Diego. The analytic sample comprised 5117 participants, ages 18 to 74 at baseline. Linear and logistic models, adjusted for sociodemographic factors, were used to examine associations of ACEs and risk factors (depressive symptoms, obesity, smoking, and alcohol use) and chronic disease (coronary heart disease, stroke, diabetes, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer); the latter were also adjusted for risk factors.
RESULTS
Most participants (77.2%) experienced at least one ACE, and 28.7% experienced four or more. Adverse childhood experiences were common among all ancestry groups, with variability among them. Prevalence of four or more ACEs was higher among women than men (31.2% and 25.8%, respectively). Adverse childhood experiences were associated with depressive symptoms, body mass index, smoking, alcohol use, cancer, coronary heart disease, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, but not asthma, diabetes, or stroke. Associations were not moderated by social support.
CONCLUSIONS
Adverse childhood experiences are prevalent among US Hispanics/Latinos and are involved in disease in adulthood. The apparent higher prevalence of ACEs in US Hispanics/Latinos did not correspond with stronger associations with disease. Further studies are needed to identify factors that may moderate the associations of ACE with adult disease.
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Adverse Events; Alcohol Drinking; Chronic Disease; Depression; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Prevalence; Psychological Trauma; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Urban Population
PubMed: 27606797
DOI: 10.1097/PSY.0000000000000394 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or... (Review)
Review
Viral hepatitis is a leading cause of liver disease and mortality. Infection can occur acutely or chronically, but the mechanisms that govern the clearance of virus or lack thereof are poorly understood and merit further investigation. Though cures for viral hepatitis have been developed, they are expensive, not readily accessible in vulnerable populations and some patients may remain at an increased risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even after viral clearance. To sustain infection , hepatocytes must be fully mature and remain in a differentiated state. However, primary hepatocytes rapidly dedifferentiate in conventional 2D platforms. Physiologically relevant or physiomimetic microsystems, are increasingly popular alternatives to traditional two-dimensional (2D) monocultures for studies. Physiomimetic systems reconstruct and incorporate elements of the native cellular microenvironment to improve biologic functionality . Multiple elements contribute to these models including ancillary tissue architecture, cell co-cultures, matrix proteins, chemical gradients and mechanical forces that contribute to increased viability, longevity and physiologic function for the tissue of interest. These microsystems are used in a wide variety of applications to study biological phenomena. Here, we explore the use of physiomimetic microsystems as tools for studying viral hepatitis infection in the liver and how the design of these platforms is tailored for enhanced investigation of the viral lifecycle when compared to conventional 2D cell culture models. Although liver-based physiomimetic microsystems are typically applied in the context of drug studies, the platforms developed for drug discovery purposes offer a solid foundation to support studies on viral hepatitis. Physiomimetic platforms may help prolong hepatocyte functionality in order to sustain chronic viral hepatitis infection for studying virus-host interactions for prolonged periods.
PubMed: 36246284
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.999366 -
Medical Care Apr 2023During the COVID-19 pandemic, more health care issues were being managed remotely. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are being managed more often using telehealth although...
Virtual Care and Urinary Tract Infection Management: Comparing Ancillary Service Orders and Patient Order Fulfillments Between Virtual and In-person Encounters During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the United States.
BACKGROUND
During the COVID-19 pandemic, more health care issues were being managed remotely. Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are being managed more often using telehealth although few reports compare the rate of UTI ancillary service orders placed and fulfilled during these visits.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate and compare the rate of ancillary service orders and order fulfillments in incident UTI diagnoses between virtual and in-person encounters.
RESEARCH DESIGN
The retrospective cohort study involved 3 integrated health care systems: Kaiser Permanente (KP) Colorado, KP Georgia, and KP Mid-Atlantic States.
SUBJECTS
We included incident UTI encounters from adult primary care data from January 2019 to June 2021.
MEASURES
Data were categorized as: prepandemic (January 2019-March 2020), COVID-19 Era 1 (April 2020-June 2020), and COVID-19 Era 2 (July 2020-June 2021). UTI-specific ancillary services included medication, laboratory, and imaging. Orders and order fulfillments were dichotomized for analyses. Weighted percentages for orders and fulfillments were calculated using inverse probability treatment weighting from logistic regression and compared between virtual and in-person encounters using χ2 tests.
RESULTS
We identified 123,907 incident encounters. Virtual encounters increased from 13.4% prepandemic to 39.1% in COVID-19 Era 2. Ancillary service orders from virtual encounters were not placed as often as in-person encounters. However, the weighted percentage for ancillary service order fulfillment across all services remained above 65.3% across sites and eras, with many fulfillment percentages above 90%.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study reported a high rate of order fulfillment for both virtual and in-person encounters. Health care systems should encourage providers to place ancillary service orders for uncomplicated diagnoses, such as UTI, to provide enhanced access to patient-centered care.
Topics: Adult; Humans; United States; COVID-19; Retrospective Studies; Pandemics; Georgia; Colorado; Telemedicine
PubMed: 36893415
DOI: 10.1097/MLR.0000000000001805 -
Clinical Medicine Insights. Pathology 2016Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slide preparation is one of the most durable techniques in medicine history, which has remained unchanged since implemented. It allows an... (Review)
Review
Hematoxylin-eosin-stained slide preparation is one of the most durable techniques in medicine history, which has remained unchanged since implemented. It allows an accurate microscopic diagnosis of the vast majority of tissue samples. In many circumstances, this technique cannot answer all the questions posed at the initial diagnostic level. The pathologist has always been looking for additional ancillary techniques to answer pending questions. In our daily histopathology practice, we referred to those techniques as special stains, but nowadays, they are more than stains and are collectively called ancillary tests. They include a wide range of techniques starting from histochemical stains and ending in one or more advanced techniques, such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, molecular studies, cytogenetic studies, electron microscopy, flow cytometry, and polymerase chain reaction.
PubMed: 27042154
DOI: 10.4137/CPath.S32784 -
BMJ Open Nov 2017This is the protocol for an ancillary study to the multicentre Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial, a three-arm randomised trial comparing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
Psychological, behavioural and physiological effects of three long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) methods: protocol for an ancillary study of the ECHO randomised trial.
INTRODUCTION
This is the protocol for an ancillary study to the multicentre Evidence for Contraceptive Options and HIV Outcomes (ECHO) Trial, a three-arm randomised trial comparing the effects of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), the levonorgestrel (LNG) implant and the copper intrauterine device (IUD) on HIV incidence (NCT02550067 pre-results). The ancillary study will compare other non-contraceptive effects of these three long-acting, reversible contraceptions about which there is little existing comparative evidence.
METHODS AND ANALYSIS
Women randomised to IUD, DMPA and LNG implant (1:1:1) at one of the ECHO trial sites will be asked to participate in the ancillary study at the 1-month follow-up visit. Research staff will interview women that consent to participate at the 3-month follow-up visit. Primary outcomes are depression, sexual dysfunction and menstrual disturbances. The Beck Depression Inventory will be used to assess depression and the Arizona Sexual Experiences Scale to assess sexual dysfunction. Participants will also be asked to prospectively complete a 28-day symptom diary. The required sample size is 522 participants. Depression scores will be analysed as continuous and categorical variables. Analysis will be by intention to treat.
ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION
The ancillary study protocol received ethical approval from the University of the Witwatersrand Committee for Research on Human Subjects on 17 February 2016 (reference no. 14112). The results will be disseminated in a peer-reviewed open-access journal.
TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER
PACTR201706001651380.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Depression; Dysmenorrhea; Female; Humans; Intrauterine Devices, Copper; Levonorgestrel; London; Long-Acting Reversible Contraception; Medroxyprogesterone Acetate; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Unplanned; Research Design; Sexual Dysfunction, Physiological; South Africa; Young Adult
PubMed: 29133336
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019205 -
Medicine Sep 2018Various methods and ancillary procedures have been defined in the era of face-lifting surgery.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of our... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Various methods and ancillary procedures have been defined in the era of face-lifting surgery.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the esthetic outcomes of our face-neck cases and the importance of adding ancillary procedures based on individual assessment.We conducted a retrospective review of 203 face-neck cases, basically following the endoscopic and open principles of Vasconez. The ancillary procedures added in selected cases included genioplasty, augmentation with autologous facial superficial fascial tissue or fat injections, upper lip shortening, perioral dermabrasion, ear lobe reduction, buccal fat reduction, mentum lifting, and upper orbital rim shaving. Complications, postoperative follow-up, esthetic outcomes, and contribution of the ancillary procedures were recorded.Our esthetic face complication rates were comparable to those of previous studies and included chemosis, hematoma, cyst on the eyelid suture line, skin sloughing, scar abnormalities (hypertrophic scar and widespread scar), pseudoparalysis of the marginal mandibular branch, temporary hypoesthesia of the forehead, irregularity of the glabella after endoscopy, and asymmetry. We did not observe any comorbidity owing to genioplasty and augmentation with autologous tissue except for a case with infection after fat injection.More improvement can be obtained with careful planning of ancillary procedures in face-neck lifting surgery.
Topics: Aged; Blepharoplasty; Endoscopy; Esthetics; Face; Female; Genioplasty; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neck; Postoperative Complications; Retrospective Studies; Rhytidoplasty; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 30278509
DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000012333 -
Infectious Agents and Cancer 2017Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a system for interpreting and reporting of imaging features on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic... (Review)
Review
Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) is a system for interpreting and reporting of imaging features on multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance (MR) studies in patients at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). American College of Radiology (ACR) sustained the spread of LI-RADS to homogenizing the interpreting and reporting data of HCC patients. Diagnosis of HCC is due to the presence of major imaging features. Major features are imaging data used to categorize LI-RADS-3, LI-RADS-4, and LI-RADS-5 and include arterial-phase hyperenhancement, tumor diameter, washout appearance, capsule appearance and threshold growth. Ancillary are features that can be used to modify the LI-RADS classification. Ancillary features supporting malignancy (diffusion restriction, moderate T2 hyperintensity, T1 hypointensity on hapatospecifc phase) can be used to upgrade category by one or more categories, but not beyond LI-RADS-4. Our purpose is reporting an overview and update of major and ancillary MR imaging features in assessment of HCC.
PubMed: 28465718
DOI: 10.1186/s13027-017-0132-y