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Systematic Reviews Jan 2018Several aetiological models of anorexia nervosa (AN) hold non-eating/weight-gain-related anxiety as a factor relevant to the onset and maintenance of the disorder.... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Several aetiological models of anorexia nervosa (AN) hold non-eating/weight-gain-related anxiety as a factor relevant to the onset and maintenance of the disorder. Longitudinal studies that allow assessment of this hypothesis have been conducted; however, the evidence has not yet been aggregated in a systematic manner. The proposed study will systematically review articles describing prospective investigations of the relationship between anxiety and AN development or maintenance, with the aim of providing a balanced summary of current understanding and identifying areas for further research.
METHODS/DESIGN
Electronic databases will be searched for articles investigating the longitudinal influence of non-eating/weight-gain-related anxiety (anxiety disorders and trait anxiety) on the development/maintenance of AN. References of eligible articles will be searched to ensure the identification of all relevant studies. Two independent reviewers will complete the title and abstract, and full-text, screening, with a third independent reviewer resolving any conflicts at each stage. A systematic review will be completed, and the quality of the included studies, as well as the strength of the body of evidence generated, will be assessed and reported.
DISCUSSION
Although there are limitations to the present review, understanding the current evidence for the role of non-eating/weight-gain-related anxiety in AN can direct future research that may ensure accurate aetiological models of AN and effective treatments.
SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION
The study is registered on PROSPERO under the reference number CRD42017069644.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Risk Factors
PubMed: 29361975
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-018-0685-x -
Journal of the American Board of Family... 2017Eating disorders are not commonly diagnosed in individuals aged >50 years, yet they are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and overall morbidity....
Eating disorders are not commonly diagnosed in individuals aged >50 years, yet they are associated with significant psychiatric comorbidities and overall morbidity. Anorexia nervosa is the most common eating disorder among this age group, and women are affected most often. We present the fatal case of a 66-year old woman with severe malnutrition and newly diagnosed anorexia nervosa. Inpatient refeeding was unsuccessful, and she succumbed to multisystem organ failure. The timely recognition of eating disorders among older people is important for family physicians who care for patients across the life spectrum.
Topics: Age Factors; Aged; Anorexia Nervosa; Anxiety; Body Mass Index; Cachexia; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Malnutrition; Multiple Organ Failure; Nutritional Support; Physical Examination; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
PubMed: 28923819
DOI: 10.3122/jabfm.2017.05.170182 -
International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022(1) Background: Body image is being defined as the picture of our own body in our mind with its size and shape, and with a perceptive and attitudinal evaluation of this...
(1) Background: Body image is being defined as the picture of our own body in our mind with its size and shape, and with a perceptive and attitudinal evaluation of this body. It appears to be a complex clinical construct predisposing an individual to developing and maintaining anorexia nervosa (AN), as well as having considerable impact on prolonging the duration of this illness and its relapse risk. The aim of the research work was to assess whether the symptomatology of eating disorders, level of depression, and mental pain are associated with body image, and examine the influence of a distorted body image as well as eating disorders and depression symptoms on mental pain in AN; (2) Methods: A total of 36 women diagnosed with AN and 69 healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. All participants completed a battery of the following scales: EAT-26, BSQ-34, BIDQ, BDD-YBOCS, CESDR, and the Mental Pain Scale; (3) Results: Results show statistically significantly greater body image disturbances and higher level of depression and mental pain intensity in the AN compared to the HC group. Regression analysis indicates a greater impact of distorted body image, eating disorders, and depression symptoms on mental pain in AN; (4) Conclusions: As assumed, distorted body image and mental pain are central components of AN that should be especially emphasized in the therapeutical process of treating AN. Future research should focus on the etiopathogenesis of distorted body image in relation to the chronicity of mental pain and depression in AN, and address these outcomes in clinical practice to minimize suicide risk in this high-risk group of patients.
Topics: Humans; Female; Anorexia Nervosa; Body Image; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Pain
PubMed: 36613039
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010718 -
Trends in Molecular Medicine Apr 2024In anorexia nervosa (AN), measurable biological parameters can inform the process of treating patients. Such biomarkers include established laboratory parameters as well... (Review)
Review
In anorexia nervosa (AN), measurable biological parameters can inform the process of treating patients. Such biomarkers include established laboratory parameters as well as a range of potential future biomarkers, including genetic, metabolomic, microbiomic, endocrine, immunological, hematological, electrophysiological, and neuroimaging parameters. In this opinion article we discuss how these biomarkers can support diagnosic and therapeutic processes at specific steps during the AN treatment cycle, that is, the diagnosis, diagnostic specification, risk management, choice of therapy, therapy monitoring, and treatment review. History-taking, physical and neuropsychological examination, clinical observation, and judgment about treatment success by the patient, their carers, and members of the multidisciplinary team are essential to interpret laboratory and imaging data appropriately and to assess the full clinical picture.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 38331700
DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2024.01.002 -
Tijdschrift Voor Psychiatrie 2015Anorexia nervosa (AN), which is the most serious of the eating disorders, starts earlier in life and often continues into adulthood. (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Anorexia nervosa (AN), which is the most serious of the eating disorders, starts earlier in life and often continues into adulthood.
AIM
To discuss the typical features of AN in adolescents.
METHOD
We present an overview based on the literature about AN in adolescents and on analysis performed by experts.
RESULTS
Youngsters with AN run considerable physical risks because their bodies are less well developed and are more easily injured. These injuries can be a lifelong handicap if the patient's body weight does not rapidly return to normal. However, if the body weight recovers satisfactory, this can point to the possibility of a full psychological recovery. The best route to recovery is to start dining again with the family, to go back to school and to participate in social activities. So far, no other types of treatment have proved to be entirely successful.
CONCLUSION
Further research is needed into matters such as an ideal weight for the patient and the best ways of increasing his or her food-intake. We need to find out how best to deal with a patient's disturbed body image and how to treat any comorbid disease that often accompanies AN.
Topics: Adolescent; Anorexia Nervosa; Energy Intake; Family Therapy; Humans; Prognosis; Remission Induction; Social Behavior; Treatment Outcome; Weight Gain
PubMed: 26727571
DOI: No ID Found -
Nutricion Hospitalaria Nov 2023Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with a high prevalence and comorbidities, characterized by a low response rate to treatment. It is considered as a...
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a psychiatric disease with a high prevalence and comorbidities, characterized by a low response rate to treatment. It is considered as a multifactorial disease. In recent years, the focus has been placed on the presence of intestinal dysbiosis and its possible involvement as a causal factor as well as an alternative treatment. The objective of this work has been to review the current state of knowledge of alterations in the intestinal microbiota identified in patients with AN and the possibility of using probiotics as a therapeutic alternative. Significant changes in the diversity of species associated with weight loss have been described that could favor the perpetuation of the disorder, and that would explain many of the nutritional, gastrointestinal, psychological, and cognitive alterations present in these patients. The use of probiotics, still little studied in patients with AN, sheds some light on this matter to improve the treatment response, always hand in hand with conventional treatments.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Microbiota; Brain; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract
PubMed: 37929904
DOI: 10.20960/nh.04955 -
British Medical Journal Mar 1969
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Epilepsy; Female; Humans; Psychotherapy; Vomiting
PubMed: 5772981
DOI: No ID Found -
British Medical Journal Oct 1971
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anorexia Nervosa; Child; Female; Humans; Male
PubMed: 5115562
DOI: No ID Found -
CNS Drugs Feb 2023Anorexia nervosa is a disorder associated with serious adverse health outcomes, for which there is currently considerable treatment ineffectiveness. Characterised by... (Review)
Review
Anorexia nervosa is a disorder associated with serious adverse health outcomes, for which there is currently considerable treatment ineffectiveness. Characterised by restrictive eating behaviours, distorted body image perceptions and excessive physical activity, there is growing recognition anorexia nervosa is associated with underlying dysfunction in excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite metabolism and signalling. This narrative review critically explores the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor-mediated excitatory and inhibitory neurometabolite dysfunction in anorexia nervosa and its associated biomarkers. The existing magnetic resonance spectroscopy literature in anorexia nervosa is reviewed and we outline the brain region-specific neurometabolite changes that have been reported and their connection to anorexia nervosa psychopathology. Considering the proposed role of dysfunctional neurotransmission in anorexia nervosa, the potential utility of zinc supplementation and sub-anaesthetic doses of ketamine in normalising this is discussed with reference to previous research in anorexia nervosa and other neuropsychiatric conditions. The rationale for future research to investigate the combined use of low-dose ketamine and zinc supplementation to potentially extend the therapeutic benefits in anorexia nervosa is subsequently explored and promising biological markers for assessing and potentially predicting treatment response are outlined.
Topics: Humans; Anorexia Nervosa; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Ketamine; Zinc; Brain
PubMed: 36681939
DOI: 10.1007/s40263-022-00984-4 -
Human Brain Mapping Oct 2021Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with poorly understood etiology. Numerous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional imaging... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a complex psychiatric disorder with poorly understood etiology. Numerous voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and resting-state functional imaging studies have provided strong evidence of abnormal brain structure and intrinsic and functional activities in AN, but with inconsistent conclusions. Herein, a whole-brain meta-analysis was conducted on VBM (660 patients with AN, and 740 controls) and resting-state functional imaging (425 patients with AN, and 461 controls) studies that measured differences in the gray matter volume (GMV) and intrinsic functional activity between patients with AN and healthy controls (HCs). Overall, patients with AN displayed decreased GMV in the bilateral median cingulate cortex (extending to the bilateral anterior and posterior cingulate cortex), and left middle occipital gyrus (extending to the left inferior parietal lobe). In resting-state functional imaging studies, patients with AN displayed decreased resting-state functional activity in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex and bilateral median cingulate cortex, and increased resting-state functional activity in the right parahippocampal gyrus. This multimodal meta-analysis identified reductions of gray matter and functional activity in the anterior and median cingulate in patients with AN, which contributes to further understanding of the pathophysiology of AN.
Topics: Anorexia Nervosa; Cerebral Cortex; Humans; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 34296492
DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25602