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Journal of Pain and Symptom Management May 2014
Review
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzodiazepines; Hospice Care; Humans; Palliative Care
PubMed: 24681184
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.03.001 -
British Journal of Cancer Nov 2000Anxiety is common in cancer patient populations, and must often initially be recognized and managed by cancer care professionals. This article reviews the recent... (Review)
Review
Anxiety is common in cancer patient populations, and must often initially be recognized and managed by cancer care professionals. This article reviews the recent oncology and mental health literature on anxiety. The aim is to help those involved in cancer patient care who are not specialists in mental health to understand the nature of anxiety, and discriminate morbid from normal anxiety. We review recent research into the association of anxiety with events during diagnosis and management of cancer, highlighting the importance of the meaning of events to an individual as an important factor in making people anxious. Lastly we review management strategies which might be used by cancer care professionals, in particular the importance of an awareness of specific patterns of communication which may alleviate or maintain anxiety for some cancer patients.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Communication; Disease Management; Humans; Medical Oncology; Neoplasms; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 11044347
DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1405 -
Molecular Psychiatry Jan 2022Behavioural anxiety tests in non-human animals are used for anxiolytic drug discovery, and to investigate the neurobiology of threat avoidance. Over the past decade,... (Review)
Review
Behavioural anxiety tests in non-human animals are used for anxiolytic drug discovery, and to investigate the neurobiology of threat avoidance. Over the past decade, several of them were translated to humans with three clinically relevant goals: to assess potential efficacy of candidate treatments in healthy humans; to develop diagnostic tests or biomarkers; and to elucidate the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders. In this review, we scrutinise these promises and compare seven anxiety tests that are validated across species: five approach-avoidance conflict tests, unpredictable shock anticipation, and the social intrusion test in children. Regarding the first goal, three tests appear suitable for anxiolytic drug screening in humans. However, they have not become part of the drug development pipeline and achieving this may require independent confirmation of predictive validity and cost-effectiveness. Secondly, two tests have shown potential to measure clinically relevant individual differences, but their psychometric properties, predictive value, and clinical applicability need to be clarified. Finally, cross-species research has not yet revealed new evidence that the physiology of healthy human behaviour in anxiety tests relates to the physiology of anxiety symptoms in patients. To summarise, cross-species anxiety tests could be rendered useful for drug screening and for development of diagnostic instruments. Using these tests for aetiology research in healthy humans or animals needs to be queried and may turn out to be unrealistic.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Humans; Psychiatry; Psychometrics
PubMed: 34561614
DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01299-4 -
Journal of Basic and Clinical... Mar 2017
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hypnosis; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Mice; Plant Preparations; Rats
PubMed: 28284033
DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2017-0022 -
Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery Apr 2012Rich evidence has shown that cannabis products exert a broad gamut of effects on emotional regulation. The main psychoactive ingredient of hemp, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol... (Review)
Review
Rich evidence has shown that cannabis products exert a broad gamut of effects on emotional regulation. The main psychoactive ingredient of hemp, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and its synthetic cannabinoid analogs have been reported to either attenuate or exacerbate anxiety and fear-related behaviors in humans and experimental animals. The heterogeneity of cannabis-induced psychological outcomes reflects a complex network of molecular interactions between the key neurobiological substrates of anxiety and fear and the endogenous cannabinoid system, mainly consisting of the arachidonic acid derivatives anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and two receptors, respectively termed CB1 and CB2. The high degree of interindividual variability in the responses to cannabis is contributed by a wide spectrum of factors, including genetic and environmental determinants, as well as differences in the relative concentrations of THC and other alkaloids (such as cannabidiol) within the plant itself. The present article reviews the currently available knowledge on the herbal, synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids with respect to the modulation of anxiety responses, and highlights the challenges that should be overcome to harness the therapeutic potential of some of these compounds, all the while limiting the side effects associated with cannabis consumption. In addition the article presents some promising patents on cannabinoid-related agents.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Cannabinoids; Humans
PubMed: 22280339
DOI: 10.2174/157488912798842269 -
European Neuropsychopharmacology : the... Jul 2023The endocannabinoid system is a promising candidate for anxiolytic therapy, but translation to the clinic has been lagging. We meta-analyzed the evidence for... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The endocannabinoid system is a promising candidate for anxiolytic therapy, but translation to the clinic has been lagging. We meta-analyzed the evidence for anxiety-reduction by compounds that facilitate endocannabinoid signaling in humans and animals. To identify areas of specific potential, effects of moderators were assessed. Literature was searched in Pubmed and Embase up to May 2021. A placebo/vehicle-control group was required and in human studies, randomization. We excluded studies that co-administered other substances. Risk of bias was assessed with SYRCLE's RoB tool and Cochrane RoB 2.0. We conducted three-level random effects meta-analyses and explored sources of heterogeneity using Bayesian regularized meta-regression (BRMA). The systematic review yielded 134 studies. We analyzed 120 studies (114 animal, 6 human) that investigated cannabidiol (CBD, 61), URB597 (39), PF-3845 (6) and AM404 (14). Pooled effects on conditioned and unconditioned anxiety in animals (with the exception of URB597 on unconditioned anxiety) and on experimentally induced anxiety in humans favored the investigational drugs over placebo/vehicle. Publication year was negatively associated with effects of CBD on unconditioned anxiety. Compared to approach avoidance tests, tests of repetitive-compulsive behavior were associated with larger effects of CBD and URB597, and the social interaction test with smaller effects of URB597. Larger effects of CBD on unconditioned anxiety were observed when anxiety pre-existed. Studies reported few side effects at therapeutic doses. The evidence quality was low with indications of publication bias. More clinical trials are needed to translate the overall positive results to clinical applications.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Endocannabinoids; Bayes Theorem; Anxiety; Cannabidiol
PubMed: 37094409
DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2023.04.001 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 2003
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Fear; Humans; Phobic Disorders
PubMed: 12958087
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.515 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Jan 2019Anxiety and depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorders are co-morbid in nature affecting several people across the world. There is an increase in demand for... (Review)
Review
Anxiety and depression, the most prevalent psychiatric disorders are co-morbid in nature affecting several people across the world. There is an increase in demand for complementary and alternative medicines, specifically herbal botanicals due to various side effects exhibited by conventional drugs. Herbal drugs mentioned in traditional medicines, face acceptance issues by the medical community due to lack of scientific data regarding their neurochemical pathways. Hence, there has been an increased interest in the quest to unravel the mechanisms of action of herbal psychotropics. With the advancements in "omic technologies" such as genomics, proteomics and metabolomics, research in the field of herbal psychopharmacology has gained momentum, providing a faster and informative platform for thorough evaluation of herbal drugs and formulations. In this article, we have reviewed several medicinal plants and their formulations that have shown potential anxiolytic and anti-depressant activities and have been screened for their biological mechanisms either at the gene, protein or metabolic level.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Herbal Medicine; Humans; Mood Disorders; Pharmacogenetics; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal
PubMed: 30551365
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.10.135 -
British Medical Journal Oct 1974
Topics: Adult; Agoraphobia; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior Therapy; Benzodiazepines; Female; Humans; Phenelzine; Phobic Disorders; Psychosurgery; Psychotherapy, Group
PubMed: 4153595
DOI: No ID Found -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Nov 2020Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects millions of population worldwide. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as... (Review)
Review
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease which affects millions of population worldwide. It is characterized by motor symptoms such as excessive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability and non-motor symptoms include neuropsychiatric complications like anxiety, depression, insomnia and cognitive impairment, orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction and gastrointestinal complications. Treatment of anxiety in PD poses extensive challenge to global healthcare which makes it urgent to develop innovative treatment for the better management of the disease. The gold standard treatment by Levodopa provides symptomatic relief and its effect on neuropsychiatric complications like anxiety is elusive. Presence of anxiety worsens the condition and challenges therapeutic management of the PD. The in-depth analysis and understanding the molecular mechanism and pathophysiological pathways associated with the onset of anxiety in PD is essential. The disturbances in serotonergic, adrenergic and GABAergic neurons and hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis play a significant role in the pathophysiology of anxiety. The drugs like Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants and benzodiazepines are useful in the management of anxiety but due to severe side effects and progression of the disease it results in the failure of treatment. The present review imparts an insight in the management of anxiety in PD by understanding molecular mechanism and application of alternative treatment options which can enlighten the perception of researchers towards better therapeutic management of the disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Anxiety; Disease Progression; Humans; Levodopa; Parkinson Disease
PubMed: 33152935
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110776