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IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Humans; Prazepam
PubMed: 9097122
DOI: No ID Found -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Estazolam; Humans
PubMed: 9097120
DOI: No ID Found -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Humans; Temazepam
PubMed: 9097124
DOI: No ID Found -
IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of... 1996
Review
Topics: Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anticonvulsants; Carcinogenicity Tests; Carcinogens; Diazepam; Humans
PubMed: 9097118
DOI: No ID Found -
Revue Medicale de Liege Jan 1996
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Benzodiazepines; History, 20th Century; Humans
PubMed: 8701142
DOI: No ID Found -
Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews Dec 2022The validity of widely used rodent behavioural tests of anxiety has been questioned, as they often fail to produce consistent results across independent replicate... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
The validity of widely used rodent behavioural tests of anxiety has been questioned, as they often fail to produce consistent results across independent replicate studies. In this study, we assessed the sensitivity of common behavioural tests of anxiety in mice to detect anxiolytic effects of drugs prescribed to treat anxiety in humans. We conducted a pre-registered systematic review of 814 studies reporting effects of 25 anxiolytic compounds using common behavioural tests for anxiety. Meta-analyses of effect sizes of treatments showed that only two out of 17 commonly used test measures reliably detected effects of anxiolytic compounds. We report considerable between-study variation in size and even direction of effects of most anxiolytics on most outcome variables. Our findings indicate a general lack of sensitivity of those behavioural tests and cast serious doubt on both construct and predictive validity of most of these tests. In view of scientifically valid and ethically responsible research, we call for a revision of behavioural tests of anxiety in mice and the development of more predictive tests.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Behavior Rating Scale; Reproducibility of Results; Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders
PubMed: 36341943
DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104928 -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... Jun 2012
Topics: Agoraphobia; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety, Separation; Humans; Panic Disorder
PubMed: 22729445
DOI: 10.1590/s1516-44462012000500001 -
Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 2011Given the enormous contribution of anxiety disorders to the burden of disease, it is key to optimize their prevention and treatment. In this critical review we assess... (Review)
Review
Given the enormous contribution of anxiety disorders to the burden of disease, it is key to optimize their prevention and treatment. In this critical review we assess advances in the pharmacotherapy of anxiety disorders, as well as remaining challenges, in recent decades, the field has seen rigorous clinical trial methods to quantify the efficacy and safety of serendipitously discovered agents, more focused development of medications with selective mechanisms of action, and the gradual translation of insights from laboratory research into proof-of-principle clinical trials. On the positive side, a considerable database of studies shows efficacy and relative tolerability of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in the major anxiety disorders, and secondary analyses of such datasets have informed questions such as optimal definition of response and remission, optimal dose and duration, and comparative efficacy of different agents. Significant challenges in the field include barriers to appropriate diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders, failure of a significant proportion of patients to respond to first-line pharmacotherapy agents, and a limited database of efficacy or effectiveness studies to guide treatment in such cases.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Evidence-Based Medicine; Humans; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors
PubMed: 22275848
DOI: 10.31887/DCNS.2011.13.4/nkoen -
Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria (Sao... 2013The objective of this narrative review of the literature is to describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric anxiety... (Review)
Review
The objective of this narrative review of the literature is to describe the epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric anxiety disorders. We aim to guide clinicians in understanding the biology of anxiety disorders and to provide general guidelines for the proper diagnoses and treatment of these conditions early in life. Anxiety disorders are prevalent, associated with a number of negative life outcomes, and currently under-recognized and under-treated. The etiology involves both genes and environmental influences modifying the neural substrate in a complex interplay. Research on pathophysiology is still in its infancy, but some brain regions, such as the amygdala and the prefrontal cortex, have been implicated in fear and anxiety. Current practice is to establish diagnosis based purely on clinical features, derived from clinical interviews with the child, parents, and teachers. Treatment is effective using medication, cognitive behavioral therapy, or a combination of both. An introduction to the neuroscience behind anxiety disorders combined with an evidence-based approach may help clinicians to understand these disorders and treat them properly in childhood.
Topics: Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety Disorders; Child; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Evidence-Based Practice; Humans
PubMed: 24142122
DOI: 10.1590/1516-4446-2013-S108 -
Indian Journal of Pharmacology 2014Diplopia - seeing double - is a symptom with many potential causes, both neurological and ophthalmological. Benzodiazepine induced ocular side-effects are rarely...
Diplopia - seeing double - is a symptom with many potential causes, both neurological and ophthalmological. Benzodiazepine induced ocular side-effects are rarely reported. Lorazepam is one of the commonly used benzodiazepine in psychiatric practice. Visual problems associated with administration of lorazepam are rarely reported and the frequency of occurrence is not established. We report a rare case of lorazepam-induced diplopia in a newly diagnosed case of obsessive compulsive disorder.
Topics: Adult; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Diplopia; Humans; Lorazepam; Male; Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder; Young Adult
PubMed: 24741200
DOI: 10.4103/0253-7613.129328