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Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy Mar 2022Many clinicians seem to experience negative emotions towards patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), resulting in the exclusion of patients in many...
Many clinicians seem to experience negative emotions towards patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), resulting in the exclusion of patients in many treatment programmes. The behaviour of individuals with ASPD has a significant impact on society, which affects ASPD patients and their environment, and therefore, the exclusion from programmes is a serious concern. Relatively, little is known about why some clinicians are willing to work with ASPD patients and others are not and what factors contribute to an increase in the motivation to do so. In this study, clinicians (n = 130) working in a regular and forensic mental health service in the Netherlands completed a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and the Feeling Word Checklist and questions about the relevant experience gained and education received. The current study confirms the limited willingness to work with ASPD patients, especially in regular mental health care. Experience working with ASPD patients, education on cluster B personality disorders and having experienced verbal and/or physical violence in clinical practice did not fully explain whether or not clinicians were motivated to provide treatment to ASPD patients. TPB appeared to predict the intention to provide psychological therapy to ASPD patients adequately. The impact of positive emotions towards ASPD patients on providing treatment appeared to be stronger than negative emotions. This study provides more insight into why so few clinicians are willing to work with ASPD patients and what may increase motivation to include this group in treatment programmes.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Emotions; Humans; Mental Health Services; Netherlands; Physicians; Psychological Theory; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 34433227
DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2661 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are the two most frequently diagnosed and researched DSM-5 personality disorders, and... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) and antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) are the two most frequently diagnosed and researched DSM-5 personality disorders, and both are characterized by high levels of trait neuroticism. Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an enzyme of the endocannabinoid system (ECS), has been linked to regulation of mood through modulation of anandamide, an endocannabinoid. We hypothesized that prefrontal cortex (PFC) FAAH binding would relate to trait neuroticism in personality disorders. Thirty-one individuals with personality disorders (20 with BPD and 11 with ASPD) completed the investigation. All participants completed the revised NEO Personality Inventory, which yields standardized scores (e.g., T scores) for the traits of neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness, agreeableness, and extraversion. All participants were medication free and were not utilizing illicit substances as determined by drug urinalysis. Additionally, none of the participants had a comorbid major depressive episode, bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, or substance use disorder. Each participant underwent one [C]CURB PET scan. Consistent with our hypothesis, neuroticism was positively correlated with PFC FAAH binding (r = 0.42, p = 0.021), controlling for genotype. Neuroticism was also positively correlated with dorsal putamen FAAH binding (r = 0.53, p = 0.0024), controlling for genotype. Elevated brain FAAH is an endophenotype for high neuroticism in BPD and ASPD. Novel pharmacological therapeutics that inhibit FAAH could emerge as potential new treatments for BPD and ASPD with high neuroticism.
Topics: Amidohydrolases; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder; Endocannabinoids; Female; Humans; Male; Neuroticism; Positron-Emission Tomography; Prefrontal Cortex
PubMed: 35064143
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-04789-9 -
International Journal of Environmental... Sep 2022Previous work has indicated that a negative parenting style is associated with antisocial personality disorder features in Chinese college students, yet few studies have...
Why Is Maternal Control Harmful? The Relation between Maternal Control, Insecure Attachment and Antisocial Personality Disorder Features in Chinese College Students: A Sequential Mediation Model.
BACKGROUND
Previous work has indicated that a negative parenting style is associated with antisocial personality disorder features in Chinese college students, yet few studies have explored the unique role of negative mothering in children's antisocial personality disorder.
METHODS
The current study mainly examined the sequential mediation effect of parental antipathy and neglect (PAN) and mother negative loving (a form of insecure attachment) in the association between mother control and adulthood antisocial personality disorder features (ASPD features) in the framework of attachment theory and cognitive-behavioral theory. A community sample of 1547 Chinese college students filled in the Parental Bonding Instrument, the Childhood Experience of Care and Abuse Questionnaire, the Adult Attachment Questionnaire and the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+.
RESULTS
A sequential mediation model analysis showed that maternal control significantly predicted PAN, mother negative loving, as well as ASPD features.
CONCLUSIONS
Mother control and mother negative loving appear to advance on the development and exacerbation of ASPD features in college students.
Topics: Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; China; Female; Humans; Object Attachment; Parenting; Students
PubMed: 36078615
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710900 -
Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience :... Oct 2016
Topics: Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Criminal Behavior; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Neurosciences; Social Control, Formal
PubMed: 27768561
DOI: 10.1503/jpn.160147 -
Development and Psychopathology Aug 2012An overview is provided of recent twin, molecular genetic, and magnetic resonance imaging studies that are helping to inform a model of developmental vulnerability to... (Review)
Review
An overview is provided of recent twin, molecular genetic, and magnetic resonance imaging studies that are helping to inform a model of developmental vulnerability to adult psychopathy. Although the current evidence base suggests that children with high levels of callous-unemotional traits are genetically and neurocognitively vulnerable to developing psychopathic and antisocial behaviors, existing research also clearly indicates that environmental influences play an important role. One potential implication is that interventions for children with antisocial behavior and callous-unemotional traits may need to be tailored to take into account their distinct pattern of neurocognitive vulnerability, as revealed by developmental neuroimaging studies. Specifically, interventions that pursue punishment-oriented or explicit empathy induction strategies may be less effective with this group of antisocial children. By contrast, preliminary evidence suggests that enhancing positive parenting and parental involvement, as well as applying consistent rewards may represent more promising intervention approaches.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Conduct Disorder; Empathy; Guilt; Humans; Parenting; Personality Assessment
PubMed: 22781866
DOI: 10.1017/S095457941200048X -
BMC Medicine Oct 2010Antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, dissocial personality disorder and sociopathy are constructs that have generally been used to predict recidivism and...
Antisocial personality disorder, psychopathy, dissocial personality disorder and sociopathy are constructs that have generally been used to predict recidivism and dangerousness, alongside being used to exclude patients from treatment services. However, 'antisocial personality disorder' has recently begun to emerge as a treatment diagnosis, a development reflected within cognitive behaviour therapy and mentalisation-based psychotherapy. Many of the behaviour characteristics of antisocial personality disorder are, at the same time, being targeted by interventions at criminal justice settings. A significantly higher proportion of published articles focusing on antisocial personality concern treatment when compared to articles on psychopathy. Currently, the proposal for antisocial personality disorder for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, suggests a major change in the criteria for this disorder. While the present definition focuses mainly on observable behaviours, the proposed revision stresses interpersonal and emotional aspects of the disorder drawing on the concept of psychopathy. The present commentary suggests that developments leading to improvement in the diagnosis of this type of disorder should, rather than focusing exclusively on elements such as dangerousness and risk assessment, point us to ways in which patients can be treated for their problems.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 20979622
DOI: 10.1186/1741-7015-8-66 -
Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi = Turkish... 2023The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of primary (PCs) and secondary capacities (SCs) in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder...
Primary and Secondary Capacities in the Context of Positive Psychotherapy in Individuals with Antisocial Personality Disorder: The Relationship with Criminal Behaviors and Anger.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of primary (PCs) and secondary capacities (SCs) in individuals diagnosed with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) and the effects of these capacities on delinquent behaviors and anger levels.
METHODS
101 male patients aged 18 years and over with a diagnosis of ASPD were divided into two groups as those with a criminal ASPD (cASPD) diagnosis (n=37) and those with a non-criminal ASPD (ncASPD) diagnosis (n=64). Participants were evaluated using a sociodemographic form, Wiesbaden's Inventory of Positive Psychotherapy and Family Therapy (WIPPF-2) and State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI). Statistical analyses were performed using the SPSS 22.0 program; significance level was taken as p0.05.
RESULTS
PCs, SCs and anger control levels of people with ASPD were lower while trait anger, anger expression and anger import were higher than the control group. In cASPD, among the PCs, belief (β=0.796, p=0.032), hope (β=-1.069, p=0.011), relationship (β=-0.980, p=0.007) and sexuality (β=0.937, p=0.021) predicted anger-out, and among the SAs politeness (β=-1.020, p=0.002) and reliability (β=1.140, p=0.001) predicted trait anger level. In ncASPD, patience predicted anger-out (β=-1.752, p=0.001) and anger control (β=1.468, p=0.002); belief (β=1.468, p=0.005) and trust (β=-0.845, p=0.002) predicted anger control.
CONCLUSIONS
Positive psychotherapy can be effective in improving PCs and SCs of individuals with ASPD, improving interpersonal relationships, reducing criminal behaviors, anger management and psychotherapeutic treatment of ASPD.
Topics: Humans; Male; Adolescent; Adult; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Reproducibility of Results; Psychotherapy; Criminal Behavior; Anger
PubMed: 37724645
DOI: 10.5080/u27031 -
Restorative Neurology and Neuroscience 2014Psychopathy is a mental disorder marked by deficient emotional responses, lack of empathy, and poor behavioral controls, commonly resulting in persistent antisocial... (Review)
Review
Psychopathy is a mental disorder marked by deficient emotional responses, lack of empathy, and poor behavioral controls, commonly resulting in persistent antisocial deviance and criminal behavior. Accumulating research suggests that psychopathy follows a developmental trajectory with strong genetic influences, and which precipitates deleterious effects on widespread functional networks, particularly within paralimbic regions of the brain. While traditional therapeutic interventions commonly administered in prisons and forensic institutions have been notoriously ineffective at combating these outcomes, alternative strategies informed by an understanding of these specific neuropsychological obstacles to healthy development, and which target younger individuals with nascent symptoms of psychopathy are more promising. Here we review recent neurobehavioral and neuroimaging literature that informs our understanding of the brain systems compromised in psychopathy, and apply these data to a broader understanding of its developmental course, ultimately promoting more proactive intervention strategies profiting from adaptive neuroplasticity in youth.
Topics: Antisocial Personality Disorder; Emotions; Empathy; Humans
PubMed: 23542910
DOI: 10.3233/RNN-139001 -
Journal of Affective Disorders Jun 2013Interactions between characteristics of bipolar and Axis II cluster B disorders are clinically and diagnostically challenging. Characteristics associated with...
BACKGROUND
Interactions between characteristics of bipolar and Axis II cluster B disorders are clinically and diagnostically challenging. Characteristics associated with personality disorders may be dimensional aspects of bipolar disorder. We investigated relationships among antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) or borderline personality disorder symptoms, impulsivity, and course of illness in bipolar disorder.
METHODS
Subjects with bipolar disorder were recruited from the community. Diagnosis was by structured clinical interview for DSM-IV (SCID-I and -II), psychiatric symptom assessment by the change version of the schedule for affective disorders and schizophrenia (SADS-C), severity of Axis II symptoms by ASPD and borderline personality disorder SCID-II symptoms, and impulsivity by the Barratt impulsiveness scale (BIS-11).
RESULTS
ASPD and borderline symptoms were not related to clinical state or affective symptoms. Borderline symptoms correlated with BIS-11 impulsivity scores, and predicted history of suicide attempts independently of the relationship to impulsivity. ASPD symptoms were more strongly related to course of illness, including early onset, frequent episodes, and substance-related disorders. These effects persisted after allowance for gender and substance-use disorder history.
CONCLUSIONS
Personality disorder symptoms appear to be dimensional, trait-like characteristics of bipolar disorder. ASPD and Borderline symptoms are differentially related to impulsivity and course of illness.
Topics: Adult; Affective Symptoms; Age of Onset; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Bipolar Disorder; Borderline Personality Disorder; Diagnosis, Differential; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Male; Middle Aged; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Retrospective Studies; Substance-Related Disorders
PubMed: 22835849
DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.06.027 -
Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and... Dec 2001This paper considers neurocognitive models of aggression and relates them to explanations of the antisocial personality disorders. Two forms of aggression are... (Review)
Review
This paper considers neurocognitive models of aggression and relates them to explanations of the antisocial personality disorders. Two forms of aggression are distinguished: reactive aggression elicited in response to frustration/threat and goal directed, instrumental aggression. It is argued that different forms of neurocognitive model are necessary to explain the emergence of these different forms of aggression. Impairments in executive emotional systems (the somatic marker system or the social response reversal system) are related to reactive aggression shown by patients with "acquired sociopathy" due to orbitofrontal cortex lesions. Impairment in the capacity to form associations between emotional unconditioned stimuli, particularly distress cues, and conditioned stimuli (the violence inhibition mechanism model) is related to the instrumental aggression shown by persons with developmental psychopathy.
Topics: Adult; Aggression; Antisocial Personality Disorder; Child; Cognition; Conduct Disorder; Cues; Diagnosis, Differential; Emotions; Empathy; Humans; Intelligence; Models, Neurological; Models, Psychological; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychological Theory; Psychopathology; Risk Factors; Social Environment; Socialization; Socioeconomic Factors; Stress, Psychological
PubMed: 11723191
DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.71.6.727