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BMC Genomics Dec 2022In the late phase of production, ducks untimely cease laying, leading to a lower feed conversion. Liver plays a vital role in the synthesis and transport of yolk...
BACKGROUND
In the late phase of production, ducks untimely cease laying, leading to a lower feed conversion. Liver plays a vital role in the synthesis and transport of yolk materials during egg formation in birds. However, the molecular mechanism of liver in ceased-laying duck is far from clear, higher resolution and deeper analysis is needed. Sing-cell RNA-sequencing of 10 × Genomics platform can help to map the liver single cell gene expression atlas of Shaoxing duck and provide new insights into the liver between egg-laying and ceased-laying ducks.
RESULTS
About 20,000 single cells were profiled and 22 clusters were identified. All the clusters were identified as 6 cell types. The dominant cell type is hepatocyte, accounted for about 60% of all the cells. Of note, the heterogeneity of cells between egg-laying duck and ceased-laying duck mainly occurred in hepatocytes. Cells of cluster 3 and 12 were the unique hepatocyte states of egg-laying ducks, while cells of cluster 0 and 15 were the unique hepatocyte states of ceased-laying ducks. The expression mode of yolk precursor transporters, lipid metabolizing enzymes and fibrinogens were different in hepatocytes between egg-laying duck and ceased-laying duck. APOV1, VTG2, VTG1, APOB, RBP, VTDB and SCD might be activated in egg-laying ducks, while APOA1, APOA4, APOC3, FGB and FGG might be activated in ceased-laying ducks.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study further proofs that APOV1 and APOB play key roles in egg production, rather than APOA1 and APOA4. It is also the first to detect a correlation between the higher expression of APOC3, FGB, FGG and ceased-laying in duck.
Topics: Animals; Ducks; Liver; Oviposition; Carrier Proteins; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Apolipoproteins B; Reproduction
PubMed: 36577943
DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-09089-0 -
The Biochemical Journal Nov 1992Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and insulin are important factors in the control of lipoprotein secretion, but the mechanism of action is unclear. The present study...
Non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) and insulin are important factors in the control of lipoprotein secretion, but the mechanism of action is unclear. The present study was undertaken to determine whether insulin and NEFAs modulated hepatic secretion of triacylglycerol and apolipoprotein B (apo-B) by regulation of hepatic intracellular apo-B content. The experiments were performed with the human hepatoblastoma cell line Hep G2, for periods of up to 72 h in the presence and absence of NEFAs and insulin. Higher concentrations of eicosapentanoate (EPA) sustained for 72 h decreased cellular protein content (at 250 microM) or caused cell death (at 750 microM), and this effect was not observed with the other NEFAs studied, whereas 75 microM-EPA did not affect cell viability. Compared with the absence of NEFA, 75 microM-EPA did not alter the intracellular triacylglycerol content, but decreased the intracellular content of apo-B by 47% (P < 0.01) and decreased secreted triacylglycerol and secreted apo-B by 13% (P < 0.05) and 21% (P < 0.01) respectively, after 72 h. However 250 microM-oleate increased the intracellular triacylglycerol by 36% (P < 0.01), intracellular apo-B by 22% (P < 0.05) and secreted triacylglycerol and apo-B by 20-30% (P < 0.05-0.01). Insulin decreased secreted triacylglycerol and apo-B in the presence of each NEFA studied by 20-30%. There was no correlation between the changes in intracellular triacylglycerol and the rate of secretion. However, when the secreted triacylglycerol or apo-B was plotted against intracellular apo-B content a significant correlation was observed (r = 0.89, P < 0.001 for both analyses). Apo-B mRNA levels did not change after 72 h incubation with oleate or EPA. These results demonstrate that EPA can be toxic to hepatocytes and that NEFAs and insulin control secretion of triacylglycerol and apo-B by regulation of the intracellular apo-B concentration, thus controlling assembly of apo-B with triacylglycerol to form lipoproteins.
Topics: Apolipoproteins B; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Death; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Humans; Insulin; Kinetics; Liver Neoplasms; Oleic Acid; Oleic Acids; RNA, Messenger; Regression Analysis; Triglycerides; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 1332692
DOI: 10.1042/bj2880101 -
Gastroenterologie Clinique Et Biologique Dec 2004
Review
Topics: Abetalipoproteinemia; Apolipoproteins B; Chylomicrons; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Humans; Hypobetalipoproteinemias; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Lipid Metabolism; RNA Editing
PubMed: 15671937
DOI: 10.1016/s0399-8320(04)95219-0 -
Journal of Lipid Research Dec 1984
Comparative Study Review
Topics: Animals; Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoproteins B; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Lipoproteins, LDL; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Liver; Receptors, LDL
PubMed: 6397562
DOI: No ID Found -
The Biochemical Journal Feb 1991Hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 isolated from human plasma is known to contain N-linked oligosaccharides of high-mannose-type and complex-type structures. Sequencing...
Hepatic apolipoprotein (apo) B-100 isolated from human plasma is known to contain N-linked oligosaccharides of high-mannose-type and complex-type structures. Sequencing data have revealed that apo B-48 of small-intestinal origin, which represents about 48% of apo B-100 polypeptide from the N-terminus, possesses six potential sites for N-linked oligosaccharides, of which five are likely to be glycosylated. The characterization of the carbohydrate moiety of apo B-48 is the focus of this study. Apo B-48 was labelled with L-[35S]methionine and D-[3H]glucosamine in organ culture of human small-intestinal explants. N-Glycanase treatment resulted in loss of radioactivity from D-[3H]glucosamine-labelled but not L-[35S]methionine-labelled apo B-48 secreted into the medium, and caused no distinct change in mobility of apo B-48 upon electrophoresis on 5% polyacrylamide gel. Analysis of monosaccharide content revealed the presence of 16.8, 17.8, 13.4, 3.4, 2.4 and 2.3 residues of N-acetylglucosamine, mannose, galactose, fucose, xylose and N-acetylgalactosamine respectively. Small-intestinal apo B-48 from human lymph chylomicrons bound to [14C]concanavalin A, and the binding could be inhibited with methyl alpha-D-mannoside. In addition, wheat-germ, peanut, Limulus, soya-bean and Ulex lectins bound apo B-48 specifically. To characterize the carbohydrate moiety further, N-linked oligosaccharides were released by N-Glycanase treatment and reduced with NaB3H4. Labelled oligosaccharides were separated on a concanavalin A-Sepharose column. The majority (78%) were biantennary complex-type structures, 16% were high-mannose type and 6% (not retained by the column) most probably represented higher-branched oligosaccharides. These results suggest the presence of one high-mannose-type and four biantennary complex-type oligosaccharides, as well as probable O-linked sugars in apo B-48. By the use of h.p.l.c., exoglycosidase treatments and ion-exchange chromatography, a mixture of high-mannose-type species with predominant Man8GlcNAc2 as well as monosialylated, desialylated and fucosylated forms of complex-type oligosaccharides were detected.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-48; Apolipoproteins B; Carbohydrate Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Humans; Jejunum; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscle, Smooth; Oligosaccharides; Organ Culture Techniques; Sulfur Radioisotopes
PubMed: 2001228
DOI: 10.1042/bj2740159 -
Frontiers in Endocrinology 2023Non-fasting lipid assessment can help predict cardiovascular disease risks and is linked to multiple diseases, particularly diabetes. The significance of non-fasting...
BACKGROUND
Non-fasting lipid assessment can help predict cardiovascular disease risks and is linked to multiple diseases, particularly diabetes. The significance of non-fasting lipid levels in routine screening and postprandial lipid tests for potential dyslipidemia has not been conclusively determined. Various new lipid-lowering strategies have been developed to improve non-fasting dyslipidemia. Therefore, analysis of scientific outputs over the past decade is essential to reveal trends, hotspots, and frontier areas for future research in this field.
METHODS
The Science Citation Index Expanded in the Web of Science Core Collection database was searched for publications related to non-fasting lipid research from 2012 to 2022. The regional distributions, authors, disciplines, journals, references, and keywords of the studies were analyzed using the bibliometric software VOSviewer and CiteSpace.
RESULTS
A total of 4160 articles and reviews that met the inclusion criteria were included in this study. The output trend was established to be stable and the number of citation indices has been persistently increasing. A total of 104 countries/regions, 4668 organizations, and 20782 authors were involved in this research area. In terms of country, the United States had the largest number of publications (979). The University of Copenhagen was the most productive institution, publishing 148 papers. Professor Børge G Nordestgaard has made the most significant contribution to this field. was the most productive journal while the was the highest co-cited journal. Analysis of co-cited references indicated that lipid-lowering strategies, statin therapy, high-fat meals, insulin resistance, physical exercise, and fructose were hotspots. Analysis of co-cited keywords revealed that apolipoprotein B, especially apolipoprotein B48, is becoming a key research focus. The keywords "gut microbiota" and "meal timing" were the most extensively studied.
CONCLUSION
The causal relationship between non-fasting dyslipidemia and diseases is currently being explored and the standards for non-fasting or postprandial lipid assessment are continuously being updated. Among the hotspots, lipid-lowering strategies are a potential research direction. Apolipoprotein B48, gut microbiota, and chrononutrition are the research frontiers. This initial bibliometric analysis of non-fasting lipids will enable researchers to monitor swift transformations and recognize novel concepts for upcoming research.
Topics: Apolipoprotein B-48; Apolipoproteins B; Bibliometrics; Databases, Factual; Exercise
PubMed: 37152935
DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1136048 -
FEBS Letters Sep 1996We investigated insulin's effect on intestinal lipid, transport and, particularly, the biogenesis of apolipoproteins crucial to lipoprotein secretion. Adding insulin (3...
We investigated insulin's effect on intestinal lipid, transport and, particularly, the biogenesis of apolipoproteins crucial to lipoprotein secretion. Adding insulin (3 mU) to the serum-free medium of cultured jejunal explants from human fetuses (17-20 weeks) reduced triglyceride and chylomicron production and inhibited apo B-48 and apo B-100 secretion. When apo B mRNA was assayed by RT-PCR and its editing by primer extension, no change was detectable following the addition of insulin. HDL lipid content, apo A-1 synthesis and RNA level were unaffected by insulin. Collectively, these results suggest that the insulin-stimulated decline in intestinal chylomicron output may involve apo B co- or post-translational modifications.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Apolipoprotein A-I; Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoprotein B-48; Apolipoproteins B; DNA Primers; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Fetus; Gene Expression; Gestational Age; Humans; Insulin; Jejunum; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Organ Culture Techniques; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; RNA Editing
PubMed: 8814300
DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(96)00896-4 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Mar 1993The concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (chylomicrons) and apo B-100 (very low density lipoproteins) was measured in...
Relationships between the responses of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins in blood plasma containing apolipoproteins B-48 and B-100 to a fat-containing meal in normolipidemic humans.
The concentration of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins containing apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 (chylomicrons) and apo B-100 (very low density lipoproteins) was measured in blood plasma of healthy young men after an ordinary meal containing one-third of daily energy and fat. Plasma obtained in the postabsorptive state and at intervals up to 12 hr after the meal was subjected to immunoaffinity chromatography against a monoclonal antibody to apo B-100 that does not bind apo B-48 and a minor fraction of apo B-100 rich in apo E. Measurements of the concentrations of components of the total and unbound triglyceride-rich lipoproteins separated from plasma by ultracentrifugation showed that about 80% of the increase in lipoprotein particle number was in very low density lipoproteins containing apo B-100 and only 20% was in chylomicrons containing apo B-48 that carry dietary fat from the intestine. The maximal increments and the average concentrations of apo B-48 and B-100 during the 12 hr were highly correlated (r2 = 0.80), suggesting that preferential clearance of chylomicron triglycerides by lipoprotein lipase leads to accumulation of hepatogenous very low density lipoproteins during the alimentary period. The composition of the bulk of very low density lipoproteins that were bound to the monoclonal antibody changed little and these particles contained about 90% of the cholesterol and most of the apo E that accumulated in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The predominant accumulation of very low density lipoprotein rather than chylomicron particles after ingestion of ordinary meals is relevant to the potential atherogenicity of postprandial lipoproteins.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Apolipoprotein B-100; Apolipoprotein B-48; Apolipoproteins B; Apolipoproteins E; Cholesterol; Dietary Fats; Humans; Lipoproteins; Male; Mice; Triglycerides
PubMed: 8446630
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.5.2069 -
The Journal of Clinical Investigation Aug 1987The Lp(a) lipoprotein represents a quantitative genetic trait. It contains two different polypeptide chains, the Lp(a) glycoprotein and apo B-100. We have demonstrated...
The Lp(a) lipoprotein represents a quantitative genetic trait. It contains two different polypeptide chains, the Lp(a) glycoprotein and apo B-100. We have demonstrated the Lp(a) glycoprotein directly in human sera by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions after immunoblotting using anti-Lp(a) serum and have observed inter- and intraindividual size heterogeneity of the glycoprotein with apparent molecular weights ranging from approximately 400,000-700,000 D. According to their relative mobilities compared with apo B-100 Lp(a) patterns were categorized into phenotypes F (faster than apo B-100), B (similar to apo B-100), S1, S2, S3, and S4 (all slower than apo B-100), and into the respective double-band phenotypes. Results from neuraminidase treatment of isolated Lp(a) glycoprotein indicate that the phenotypic differences do not reside in the sialic acid moiety of the glycoprotein. Family studies are compatible with the concept that Lp(a) glycoprotein phenotypes are controlled by a series of autosomal alleles (Lp[a]F, Lp[a]B, Lp[a]S1, Lp[a]S2, Lp[a]S3, Lp[a]S4, and Lp[a]0) at a single locus. Comparison of Lp(a) plasma concentrations in different phenotypes revealed a highly significant association of phenotype with concentration. Phenotypes B, S1, and S2 are associated with high and phenotypes S3 and S4 with low Lp(a) concentrations. This suggests that the same gene locus is involved in determining Lp(a) glycoprotein phenotypes and Lp(a) lipoprotein concentrations in plasma and is the first indication for structural differences underlying the quantitative genetic Lp(a)-trait.
Topics: Apolipoproteins B; Glycoproteins; Humans; Immunosorbent Techniques; Lipoprotein(a); Lipoproteins; Molecular Weight; Neuraminidase; Pedigree; Phenotype
PubMed: 2956279
DOI: 10.1172/JCI113093 -
Journal of Cardiovascular Translational... Dec 2013Antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, which suppress the translation of specific mRNA target proteins, are emerging as important therapeutic modalities... (Review)
Review
Antisense oligonucleotides and small interfering RNAs, which suppress the translation of specific mRNA target proteins, are emerging as important therapeutic modalities for the treatment of cardiovascular disease. Over the last 25 years, the advances in all aspects of antisense technology, as well as a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of antisense drugs, have enabled their use as therapeutic agents. These advancements culminated in the FDA approval of the first chronically administered cardiovascular antisense therapeutic, mipomersen, which targets hepatic apolipoprotein B mRNA. This review provides a brief history of antisense technology, highlights the progression of mipomersen from preclinical studies to multiple Phase III registration trials, and gives an update on the status of other cardiovascular antisense therapeutics currently in the clinic.
Topics: Animals; Anticholesteremic Agents; Apolipoproteins B; Cardiovascular Diseases; Dyslipidemias; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Liver; Oligonucleotides; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; RNA, Messenger
PubMed: 23856914
DOI: 10.1007/s12265-013-9495-7