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Iranian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
RESULTS
The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). had highest prevalence among species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with species.
PubMed: 33613907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5027 -
Journal of Food Protection Dec 2020Arcobacter is considered an emergent foodborne enteropathogen. Despite the high prevalence of this genus in poultry, the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. contamination in...
ABSTRACT
Arcobacter is considered an emergent foodborne enteropathogen. Despite the high prevalence of this genus in poultry, the occurrence of Arcobacter spp. contamination in Tunisia remains unclear. The objectives of this study were (i) to isolate Arcobacter species (A. butzleri and A. cryaerophilus) by the culture method from different species of raw poultry meat, (ii) to verify the isolates by multiplex PCR (m-PCR) assay and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and (iii) to determine the antibiotic resistance profiles of the isolates. A total of 250 poultry product samples (149 chicken and 101 turkey) were collected from various supermarkets in Sfax. The samples consisted of breasts, wings, legs, and neck skins. The overall isolation frequency of Arcobacter spp. was 10.4%. Arcobacter spp. were found in 13.42% of the chicken samples and in 5.49% of the turkey samples. All the acquired isolates were subject to detailed confirmation with subsequent species classification using m-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS. A. butzleri was found in 22 samples (84.61%) and A. cryaerophilus in 4 samples (15.38%). Thus, m-PCR and MALDI-TOF MS were able to detect A. butzleri significantly better than the conventional method (χ2 = 49.1 and P < 0.001). Arcobacter was isolated from poultry in every season, at contamination levels of 30.76, 23.07, 19.23, and 26.92% in summer, spring, autumn, and winter, respectively. The disk diffusion method was used to determine the susceptibility of Arcobacter isolates to six antimicrobial drugs. All A. butzleri isolates (n = 24) were significantly resistant to erythromycin (P = 0.0015), ampicillin (P = 0.001), and ciprofloxacin (P = 0.05). All tested A. cryaerophilus strains (n = 4) were susceptible to ampicillin, gentamicin, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid. Multidrug resistance was observed in 83% of the Arcobacter spp. isolates. Our study detected Arcobacter spp. in Tunisian poultry; because of their multidrug resistance, these species may constitute a public health problem.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Food Microbiology; Poultry; Tunisia
PubMed: 32634222
DOI: 10.4315/JFP-20-056 -
PloS One 2020The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular...
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies.
The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular techniques. A written consent from tortoise owners was obtained, after explaining the advantages of the research to tortoise owners of Grenada. Fecal samples were collected from 114 tortoises from five parishes of the country and cultured for Campylobacter spp. using selective culture techniques. A. butzleri was isolated from 4.39% of pet tortoises. Total thirteen isolates were obtained; all identified as A. butzleri by a universal and a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed based on Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) that generated eight different genetic fingerprints with a discriminatory power of 0.91. Campylobacter species were not detected molecularly in any of the culture-positive samples. This is the first report of infection of pet tortoises in Grenada, West Indies with A. butzleri. This study emphasizes on the risk of zoonotic transmission of A. butzleri by exotic pets, which is a serious concern for public health.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Turtles
PubMed: 32176736
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230390 -
PloS One 2015The immunopathological impact of human Arcobacter (A.) infections is under current debate. Episodes of gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery...
BACKGROUND
The immunopathological impact of human Arcobacter (A.) infections is under current debate. Episodes of gastroenteritis with abdominal pain and acute or prolonged watery diarrhea were reported for A. butzleri infected patients. Whereas adhesive, invasive and cytotoxic capacities have been described for A. butzleri in vitro, only limited information is available about the immunopathogenic potential and mechanisms of infection in vivo.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice were generated by broad-spectrum antibiotic treatment and perorally infected with the A. butzleri strains CCUG 30485 and C1 shown to be invasive in cell culture assays. Bacterial colonization capacities, clinical conditions, intestinal, extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses were monitored at day six and 16 postinfection (p.i.). Despite stable intestinal A. butzleri colonization at high loads, gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice were virtually unaffected and did not display any overt symptoms at either time point. Notably, A. butzleri infection induced apoptosis of colonic epithelial cells which was paralleled by increased abundance of proliferating cells. Furthermore A. butzleri infection caused a significant increase of distinct immune cell populations such as T and B cells, regulatory T cells, macrophages and monocytes in the colon which was accompanied by elevated colonic TNF, IFN-γ, nitric oxide (NO), IL-6, IL-12p70 and MCP-1 concentrations. Strikingly, A. butzleri induced extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses as indicated by higher NO concentrations in kidney and increased TNF, IFN-γ, IL-12p70 and IL-6 levels in serum samples of infected as compared to naive mice. Overall, inflammatory responses could be observed earlier in the course of infection by the CCUG 30485 as compared to the C1 strain.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
Peroral A. butzleri infection induced not only intestinal but also extra-intestinal and systemic immune responses in gnotobiotic IL-10-/- mice in a strain-dependent manner. These findings point towards an immunopathogenic potential of A. butzleri in vertebrate hosts.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Administration, Oral; Animals; Apoptosis; Arcobacter; Bacterial Translocation; Cell Proliferation; Colon; Colony Count, Microbial; Cytokines; Feces; Germ-Free Life; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Interleukin-10; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nitric Oxide
PubMed: 26406497
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139402 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2015The bacterial proteins of the Dsb family-important components of the post-translational protein modification system-catalyze the formation of disulfide bridges, a... (Review)
Review
The bacterial proteins of the Dsb family-important components of the post-translational protein modification system-catalyze the formation of disulfide bridges, a process that is crucial for protein structure stabilization and activity. Dsb systems play an essential role in the assembly of many virulence factors. Recent rapid advances in global analysis of bacteria have thrown light on the enormous diversity among bacterial Dsb systems. While the Escherichia coli disulfide bond-forming system is quite well understood, the mechanisms of action of Dsb systems in other bacteria, including members of class Epsilonproteobacteria that contain pathogenic and non-pathogenic bacteria colonizing extremely diverse ecological niches, are poorly characterized. Here we present a review of current knowledge on Epsilonproteobacteria Dsb systems. We have focused on the Dsb systems of Campylobacter spp. and Helicobacter spp. because our knowledge about Dsb proteins of Wolinella and Arcobacter spp. is still scarce and comes mainly from bioinformatic studies. Helicobacter pylori is a common human pathogen that colonizes the gastric epithelium of humans with severe consequences. Campylobacter spp. is a leading cause of zoonotic enteric bacterial infections in most developed and developing nations. We focus on various aspects of the diversity of the Dsb systems and their influence on pathogenicity, particularly because Dsb proteins are considered as potential targets for a new class of anti-virulence drugs to treat human infections by Campylobacter or Helicobacter spp.
PubMed: 26106374
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00570 -
PloS One 2013Arcobacter butzleri is considered to be an emerging human foodborne pathogen. The completion of an A. butzleri genome sequence along with microarray analysis of 13...
Arcobacter butzleri is considered to be an emerging human foodborne pathogen. The completion of an A. butzleri genome sequence along with microarray analysis of 13 isolates in 2007 revealed a surprising amount of diversity amongst A. butzleri isolates from humans, animals and food. In order to further investigate Arcobacter diversity, 792 faecal samples were collected from cattle on beef and dairy farms in the North West of England. Arcobacter was isolated from 42.5% of the samples and the diversity of the isolates was investigated using multilocus sequence typing. An A. butzleri whole genome sequence, obtained by 454 shotgun sequencing of an isolate from a clinically-healthy dairy cow, showed a number of differences when compared to the genome of a human-derived A. butzleri isolate. PCR-based prevalence assays for variable genes suggested some tentative evidence for source-related distributions. We also found evidence for phenotypic differences relating to growth capabilities between our representative human and cattle isolates. Our genotypic and phenotypic observations suggest that some level of niche adaptation may have occurred in A. butzleri.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; England; Feces; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Phenotype; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 23405126
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055240 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2022Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge...
Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge on the risk associated with the presence of arcobacters in retail foods, this study aimed to determine their presence in a variety of products; to evaluate the genetic diversity and the occurrence of virulence and biofilm-associated genes in the isolated strains; and to assess their biofilm activity on polystyrene, borosilicate and stainless steel. Arcobacters were detected in the 22.3% of the analysed samples and the 83 recovered isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n = 53), A. cryaerophilus (n = 24), A. skirrowii (n = 2), A. thereius (n = 3) and A. vitoriensis (n = 1). They were isolated from virtually all tested food types, but mostly from squids and turkey meat (contamination levels of 60% and 40%, respectively). MLST differentiated 68 STs, most of which were novel (89.7%) and represented by a single strain (86.9%). Five novel STs were detected in various isolates derived from seafood, and the statistical analysis revealed their potential association with that type of food product (p < 0,001). All the isolates except one harboured virulence-associated genes and the highest incidence was noted for A. butzleri. Nineteen isolates (23.5%) were able to form biofilms on the different surfaces tested and, of note; glass enhanced the adhesion ability of the majority of them (84.2%). The results highlight the role that common food products can have in the transmission of Arcobacter spp., the pathogenic potential of the different species, and the survival and growth ability of several of them on different food contact surfaces. Therefore, the study provides interesting information regarding the risk arcobacters may pose to human health and the food industry.
Topics: Arcobacter; Biofilms; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 35567892
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109712 -
MicrobiologyOpen Oct 2019Arcobacter have been frequently detected in and isolated from bivalves, but there is very little information on the genus Arcobacter in the abalone, an important fishery...
Arcobacter have been frequently detected in and isolated from bivalves, but there is very little information on the genus Arcobacter in the abalone, an important fishery resource. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity and abundance of bacteria from the genus Arcobacter in the Japanese giant abalone, Haliotis gigantea, using molecular methods such as Arcobacter-specific clone libraries and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Furthermore, we attempted to isolate the Arcobacter species detected. Twelve genotypes of clones were obtained from Arcobacter-specific clone libraries. These sequences are not classified with any other known Arcobacter species including pathogenic Arcobacter spp., A. butzleri, A. skirrowii, and A. cryaerophilus, commonly isolated or detected from bivalves. From the FISH analysis, we observed that ARC94F-positive cells, presumed to be Arcobacter, accounted for 6.96 ± 0.72% of all EUB338-positive cells. In the culture method, three genotypes of Arcobacter were isolated from abalones. One genotype had a similarity of 99.2%-100.0% to the 16S rRNA gene of Arcobacter marinus, while the others showed only 93.3%-94.3% similarity to other Arcobacter species. These data indicate that abalones carry Arcobacter as a common bacterial genus which includes uncultured species.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Biodiversity; Cluster Analysis; DNA, Bacterial; DNA, Ribosomal; Gastropoda; Genotype; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence; Metagenomics; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA
PubMed: 31168933
DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.890 -
PloS One Dec 2007Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni...
BACKGROUND
Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the epsilon subdivision of the Proteobacteria and a close taxonomic relative of established pathogens, such as Campylobacter jejuni and Helicobacter pylori. Here we present the complete genome sequence of the human clinical isolate, A. butzleri strain RM4018.
METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS
Arcobacter butzleri is a member of the Campylobacteraceae, but the majority of its proteome is most similar to those of Sulfuromonas denitrificans and Wolinella succinogenes, both members of the Helicobacteraceae, and those of the deep-sea vent Epsilonproteobacteria Sulfurovum and Nitratiruptor. In addition, many of the genes and pathways described here, e.g. those involved in signal transduction and sulfur metabolism, have been identified previously within the epsilon subdivision only in S. denitrificans, W. succinogenes, Sulfurovum, and/or Nitratiruptor, or are unique to the subdivision. In addition, the analyses indicated also that a substantial proportion of the A. butzleri genome is devoted to growth and survival under diverse environmental conditions, with a large number of respiration-associated proteins, signal transduction and chemotaxis proteins and proteins involved in DNA repair and adaptation. To investigate the genomic diversity of A. butzleri strains, we constructed an A. butzleri DNA microarray comprising 2238 genes from strain RM4018. Comparative genomic indexing analysis of 12 additional A. butzleri strains identified both the core genes of A. butzleri and intraspecies hypervariable regions, where <70% of the genes were present in at least two strains.
CONCLUSION/SIGNIFICANCE
The presence of pathways and loci associated often with non-host-associated organisms, as well as genes associated with virulence, suggests that A. butzleri is a free-living, water-borne organism that might be classified rightfully as an emerging pathogen. The genome sequence and analyses presented in this study are an important first step in understanding the physiology and genetics of this organism, which constitutes a bridge between the environment and mammalian hosts.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Arcobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Base Pair Mismatch; Base Sequence; Chemotaxis; DNA Primers; DNA Repair; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Genome, Bacterial; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Signal Transduction; Sulfur; Virulence
PubMed: 18159241
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001358