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Journal of Biomedical Physics &... Aug 2020Arcus Senilis (AS) appears as a white, grey or blue ring or arc in front of the periphery of the iris, and is a symptom of abnormally high cholesterol in patients under...
BACKGROUND
Arcus Senilis (AS) appears as a white, grey or blue ring or arc in front of the periphery of the iris, and is a symptom of abnormally high cholesterol in patients under 50 years old.
OBJECTIVE
This work proposes a deep learning approach to automatic recognition of AS in eye images.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this analytical study, a dataset of 191 eye images (130 normal, 61 with AS) was employed where ¾ of the data were used for training the proposed model and ¼ of the data were used for test, using a 4-fold cross-validation. Due to the limited amount of training data, transfer learning was conducted with AlexNet as the pretrained network.
RESULTS
The proposed model achieved an accuracy of 100% in classifying the eye images into normal and AS categories.
CONCLUSION
The excellent performance of the proposed model despite limited training set, demonstrate the efficacy of deep transfer learning in AS recognition in eye images. The proposed approach is preferred to previous methods for AS recognition, as it eliminates cumbersome segmentation and feature engineering processes.
PubMed: 32802798
DOI: 10.31661/jbpe.v0i0.2003-1080 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Sep 2011To test the hypothesis that xanthelasmata and arcus corneae, individually and combined, predict risk of ischaemic vascular disease and death in the general population.
OBJECTIVE
To test the hypothesis that xanthelasmata and arcus corneae, individually and combined, predict risk of ischaemic vascular disease and death in the general population.
DESIGN
Prospective population based cohort study.
SETTING
The Copenhagen City Heart Study.
PARTICIPANTS
12,745 people aged 20-93 years free of ischaemic vascular disease at baseline and followed from 1976-8 until May 2009 with 100% complete follow-up.
MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES
Hazard ratios for myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, ischaemic stroke, ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, and death; odds ratios for severe atherosclerosis.
RESULTS
563 (4.4%) of participants had xanthelasmata and 3159 (24.8%) had arcus corneae at baseline. During 33 years' follow-up (mean 22 years), 1872 developed myocardial infarction, 3699 developed ischaemic heart disease, 1498 developed ischaemic stroke, 1815 developed ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, and 8507 died. Multifactorially adjusted hazard/odds ratios for people with versus those without xanthelasmata were 1.48 (95% confidence interval 1.23 to 1.79) for myocardial infarction, 1.39 (1.20 to 1.60) for ischaemic heart disease, 0.94 (0.73 to 1.21) for ischaemic stroke, 0.91 (0.72 to 1.15) for ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, 1.69 (1.03 to 2.79) for severe atherosclerosis, and 1.14 (1.04 to 1.26) for death. The corresponding hazard/odds ratios for people with versus those without arcus corneae were non-significant. In people with versus those without both xanthelasmata and arcus corneae, hazard/odds ratios were 1.47 (1.09 to 1.99) for myocardial infarction, 1.56 (1.25 to 1.94) for ischaemic heart disease, 0.87 (0.57 to 1.31) for ischaemic stroke, 0.86 (0.58 to 1.26) for ischaemic cerebrovascular disease, 2.75 (0.75 to 10.1) for severe atherosclerosis, and 1.09 (0.93 to 1.28) for death. In all age groups in both women and men, absolute 10 year risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, and death increased in the presence of xanthelasmata. The highest absolute 10 year risks of ischaemic heart disease of 53% and 41% were found in men aged 70-79 years with and without xanthelasmata. Corresponding values in women were 35% and 27%.
CONCLUSION
Xanthelasmata predict risk of myocardial infarction, ischaemic heart disease, severe atherosclerosis, and death in the general population, independently of well known cardiovascular risk factors, including plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. In contrast, arcus corneae is not an important independent predictor of risk.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Arcus Senilis; Atherosclerosis; Body Mass Index; Brain Ischemia; Chi-Square Distribution; Confidence Intervals; Denmark; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Lipids; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Ischemia; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 21920887
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.d5497 -
Canadian Family Physician Medecin de... Nov 2001
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Corneal Diseases; Corneal Transplantation; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Humans; Keratoconus
PubMed: 11768918
DOI: No ID Found -
Indian Journal of Dermatology,... 2014
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Child; Humans; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Male; Xanthogranuloma, Juvenile
PubMed: 25035360
DOI: 10.4103/0378-6323.136904 -
Ocular Oncology and Pathology Nov 2018Xanthelasma is an unreliable indicator of systemic hyperlipidemia. A review in search of unusual histopathologic features of cellular composition that might correlate...
BACKGROUND/AIMS
Xanthelasma is an unreliable indicator of systemic hyperlipidemia. A review in search of unusual histopathologic features of cellular composition that might correlate with systemic hyperlipidemia was conducted.
METHODS
An observational case series of 3 cases was performed. Slides were stained and analyzed with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson trichrome, and periodic acid-Schiff as well as for iron. Three lesions displayed an atypical morphologic finding and were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis for CD3, CD20, CD68, CD163, S100, and adipophilin.
RESULTS
The three lesions comprised in this study had classical xanthoma cells with densely packed fine vacuoles. The xanthoma cells were CD68, CD163, and adipophilin positive and S100 negative. In case 1, extracellular, nonpolarizing cholesterol crystalloids displayed totally negative staining for all biomarkers. In cases 2 and 3, the cholesterol granulomas were surrounded and permeated by CD68- or CD163-positive epithelioid and giant cells and by CD3-positive T lymphocytes. The 3 cases each harbored squamous cysts.
CONCLUSION
In case 1, the uninflamed extracellular cholesterol crystalloids were associated with severely dysregulated systemic hyperlipidemia. In cases 2 and 3, the cholesterol granulomas were interpreted as a local manifestation of a cyst that might have partially ruptured and did not portend serious hyperlipidemia.
PubMed: 30574485
DOI: 10.1159/000486532 -
British Medical Journal Feb 1965
Topics: Aging; Arcus Senilis; Body Height; Body Weight; Cholesterol; Cornea; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Statistics as Topic
PubMed: 14237926
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.1.5432.425 -
Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica Apr 1998To review the literature of autosomal recessive cornea plana (RCP) and to perform a clinical and genetic study on this disorder in Finland. The 78 Finnish RCP patients... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
To review the literature of autosomal recessive cornea plana (RCP) and to perform a clinical and genetic study on this disorder in Finland. The 78 Finnish RCP patients represent the majority of RCP cases worldwide; outside Finland only 35 cases have been reported.
METHODS
Families with RCP, particularly in northern Finland, have been followed up by the senior author since the 1950s and extensive genealogical studies have been made.
RESULTS
The most typical symptoms are greatly reduced corneal refraction, 25-35 dioptres, causing strong hyperopia, slight microcornea, an extended limbus zone, a central, deep corneal opacity and a marked arcus senilis, seen even before the age of 20. We present a pedigree comprising 33 affected persons with cornea plana. We have mapped the two genes for the dominantly and the recessively inherited type of cornea plana to the same region on the long arm of chromosome 12, (12q21).
CONCLUSIONS
In northern Finland RCP has a higher frequency than elsewhere, probably as a result of a strong founder effect in the population that arrived in these regions approx. 400 years ago. The strong accumulation of this rare disease in these isolated areas and the strong genealogical connections between different families with RCP, suggest that probably all the Finnish RCP cases are caused by the same mutation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12; Cornea; Female; Finland; Genes, Dominant; Genes, Recessive; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Pedigree; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 9591953
DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0420.1998.760215.x -
The American Journal of Cardiology Jan 2009Corneal arcus is a lipid-rich deposit at the corneoscleral limbus that shares some similarities with the lipid deposition of atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic studies... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Corneal arcus is a lipid-rich deposit at the corneoscleral limbus that shares some similarities with the lipid deposition of atherosclerosis. Epidemiologic studies examining the association between corneal arcus and coronary artery disease (CAD) have yielded mixed results. This study was conducted to determine if corneal arcus is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CAD. A prospective analysis was performed using Cox proportional-hazards regression models in the Framingham Heart Study Original Cohort and Offspring Cohort database. This cohort included 23,376 patient-examinations, during 3,890 (17%) of which corneal arcus was identified. Corneal arcus was a predictor of CVD and CAD at 4 years (hazard ratios [HRs] 2.28 and 1.99, respectively) and 8 years (HRs 2.52 and 2.35, respectively) of follow-up (p <0.0001 for all). Corneal arcus was no longer predictive of either CVD or CAD, however, after adjustment for age and gender at 4 years (HRs 1.07 and 1.01, respectively) and 8 years (HRs 1.18 and 1.17, respectively) of follow-up (p >0.05 for all). In conclusion, corneal arcus predicted CVD and CAD in the community-based Framingham Heart Study cohort because of the strong association of corneal arcus with increasing age. To date, this is the largest and lengthiest population-based cohort study examining the direct association between corneal arcus and CVD and CAD.
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Cholesterol; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Limbus Corneae; Male; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; United States
PubMed: 19101231
DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.08.030 -
Lipids in Health and Disease Mar 2008A relationship between corneal arcus and atherosclerosis has long been suspected but is controversial. The homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients in this...
BACKGROUND
A relationship between corneal arcus and atherosclerosis has long been suspected but is controversial. The homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia patients in this study present a unique opportunity to assess this issue. They have both advanced atherosclerosis and corneal arcus.
METHODS
This is a cross-sectional study of 17 patients homozygous for familial hypercholesterolemia presenting to the Clinical Center of the National Institutes of Health. Plasma lipoproteins, circumferential extent of arcus, thoracic aorta and coronary calcific atherosclerosis score, and Achilles tendon width were measured at the National Institutes of Health.
RESULTS
Patients with corneal arcus had higher scores for calcific atherosclerosis (mean 2865 compared to 412), cholesterol-year score (mean 11830 mg-yr/dl compared to 5707 mg-yr/dl), and Achilles tendon width (mean 2.54 cm compared to 1.41 cm) than those without. Corneal arcus and Achilles tendon width were strongly correlated and predictive of each other. Although corneal arcus was correlated with calcific atherosclerosis (r = 0.67; p = 0.004), it was not as highly correlated as was the Achilles tendon width (r = 0.855; p < 0.001).
CONCLUSION
Corneal arcus reflects widespread tissue lipid deposition and is correlated with both calcific atherosclerosis and xanthomatosis in these patients. Patients with more severe arcus tend to have more severe calcific atherosclerosis. Corneal arcus is not as good an indicator of calcific atherosclerosis as Achilles tendon thickness, but its presence suggests increased atherosclerosis in these hypercholesterolemic patients.
Topics: Achilles Tendon; Adolescent; Adult; Arcus Senilis; Atherosclerosis; Calcinosis; Cardiomyopathies; Child; Child, Preschool; Female; Homozygote; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Infant; Lipoproteins; Male
PubMed: 18331643
DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-7-7 -
Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine Mar 1981A study of arcus senilis in Caucasian men and women is reported. The prevalence of arcus senilis increases with age in both sexes and occurs more frequently in men. In...
A study of arcus senilis in Caucasian men and women is reported. The prevalence of arcus senilis increases with age in both sexes and occurs more frequently in men. In women arcus senilis is uncommon before the menopause. The occurrence of arcus senilis in Caucasians is not a significant finding, except in men under the age of 40 years, when it is associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Arcus Senilis; Coronary Disease; England; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Male; Menopause; Middle Aged; Sex Factors; White People
PubMed: 7205858
DOI: 10.1177/014107688107400308