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American Journal of Public Health Oct 1990
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Corneal Opacity; Coronary Disease; Humans; Male; Physician-Patient Relations; Risk Factors
PubMed: 2400023
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.80.10.1170 -
Indian Pediatrics Jun 2003
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Buttocks; Child; Elbow; Humans; Knee; Male; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 12824670
DOI: No ID Found -
Cureus Jul 2023Type V hyperlipoproteinemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare lipid disorder triggered mainly by uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, poor diet, or...
Type V hyperlipoproteinemia or multifactorial chylomicronemia syndrome is a rare lipid disorder triggered mainly by uncontrolled diabetes, obesity, poor diet, or particular medications. It is associated with an increased risk of acute pancreatitis and accelerated coronary artery disease which may manifest in younger age groups. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who presented to the emergency department (ED) complaining of a non-healing hand injury. Upon laboratory workup, the patient was found to have an elevated total cholesterol (TC) of 1129 mg/dL, very low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglycerides (TG) > 4000 mg/dL with an inability to calculate low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Lipoprotein electrophoresis revealed an actual TG level of > 7000 mg/dL, increased chylomicrons, normal B and pre-B-lipoproteins, and increased L-lipoproteins with an elevated Apolipoprotein B. Despite these derangements, the patient did not exhibit any abdominal complaints, demonstrating a normal lipase level. The physical exam was indicative of bilateral arcus senilis and obesity. Insulin drip was initiated along with intravenous (IV) hydration and it required 12 days to bring triglycerides down to less than 1000 mg/dL. The total cholesterol was also seen to be down trending to around 500 mg/dL and the HDL improved to 22 mg/dL. We present this case as a unique presentation of asymptomatic chylomicronemia resistant to insulin treatment with an elevated ApoB but with no evidence of pancreatitis or coronary artery disease.
PubMed: 37546045
DOI: 10.7759/cureus.41424 -
The British Journal of Ophthalmology Dec 1983The relationships between coronary artery disease risk factors and corneal arcus were examined in 150 adults aged 55 years and above of both sexes and from different...
The relationships between coronary artery disease risk factors and corneal arcus were examined in 150 adults aged 55 years and above of both sexes and from different ethnic origins. The width of the corneal arcus was measured accurately by a digitiser, and the risk factors for coronary artery disease were examined according to the standard procedure used by the Lipid Research Clinics. The results show that the corneal arcus is more frequent in males; the frequency and size of corneal arcus are positively associated with age; there is a positive correlation between the size of corneal arcus and the levels of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein in males; and that there is negative correlation between corneal arcus and diastolic blood pressure in both sexes. No associations were found between corneal arcus and other coronary artery disease risk factors such as triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, weight, Quetelet's ratio, glucose, and smoking.
Topics: Age Factors; Arcus Senilis; Blood Pressure; Cholesterol; Coronary Disease; Eye Diseases; Female; Humans; Intraocular Pressure; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Risk; Sex Factors; Visual Acuity
PubMed: 6671093
DOI: 10.1136/bjo.67.12.795 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Feb 2018
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized; Anticholesteremic Agents; Arcus Senilis; Cholesterol; Corneal Diseases; Coronary Artery Disease; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Injections, Subcutaneous; Middle Aged; Mutation; PCSK9 Inhibitors; Receptors, LDL; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 29419393
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.j5884 -
Canadian Medical Association Journal Oct 1964Corneal arcus and serum lipids were studied in 121 men, aged 30 to 80, with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD), and in healthy controls. In both groups the...
Corneal arcus and serum lipids were studied in 121 men, aged 30 to 80, with atherosclerotic coronary heart disease (CHD), and in healthy controls. In both groups the incidence of arcus increased from 55% in the fifth decade to 90% in the eighth. Under 40, arcus was a significant differentiating sign, being present in 11 of the 25 coronary patients and in none of the controls. In both groups, to age 60, the incidence of arcus correlated with serum cholesterol and phospholipid but not with standard Sf 0-400 lipoprotein fractions. In the CHD group there was significant elevation of the serum lipids. Since arcus is itself a fatty infiltration of the eye, these findings support the importance of serum lipids in atherogenesis. Clinically, corneal arcus in a male under 40 may be a clue to hyperlipidemia and a propensity to CHD.
Topics: Arcus Senilis; Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Biomedical Research; Cholesterol; Cornea; Coronary Artery Disease; Coronary Disease; Geriatrics; Humans; Hypercholesterolemia; Hyperlipidemias; Incidence; Lipid Metabolism; Lipoproteins; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Phospholipids; Survivors
PubMed: 14217245
DOI: No ID Found -
Australian Journal of General Practice Sep 2019
Topics: Anticholesteremic Agents; Arcus Senilis; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; Coronary Disease; Diet; General Practice; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II; Life Style; Medical History Taking; Phenotype; Risk Reduction Behavior; Xanthomatosis
PubMed: 31476827
DOI: 10.31128/AJGP-04-19-4910 -
American Journal of Public Health Oct 1990The relationship between corneal arcus (arcus senilis) and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is examined in a prospective...
The relationship between corneal arcus (arcus senilis) and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) is examined in a prospective study of White men (n = 3,930) and women non-hormone users (n = 2,139), ages 30-69, followed for an average of 8.4 years as part of the Lipid Research Clinics Mortality Follow-up Study. After excluding those with clinically manifest CHD at baseline, corneal arcus was strongly associated with CHD and CVD mortality only in hyperlipidemic men ages 30-49 years, for whom the relative risk for CHD and CVD death was 3.7 and 4.0, respectively, after adjusting for age, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and smoking status using a Cox proportional hazards model. Among 30-49 year old males, corneal arcus appears to be a prognostic factor for CHD, independent of its association with hyperlipidemia in this age-group, of about the same magnitude as other common risk factors, underscoring the usefulness of corneal arcus as a prognostic factor to the practicing clinician.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Arcus Senilis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Corneal Opacity; Coronary Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Smoking; Triglycerides
PubMed: 2400030
DOI: 10.2105/ajph.80.10.1200 -
Indian Journal of Ophthalmology Apr 2018
Topics: Adult; Arcus Senilis; Cholesterol; Female; Humans; Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors; Hypercholesterolemia
PubMed: 29582807
DOI: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_296_18 -
BMC Ophthalmology Apr 2024To assess the prevalence of low corneal endothelial cell density and correlates of corneal endothelial cell density among adults attending Mbarara University and...
BACKGROUND
To assess the prevalence of low corneal endothelial cell density and correlates of corneal endothelial cell density among adults attending Mbarara University and Referral Hospital Eye Centre in Uganda.
METHODS
In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, participants 18 years and older, were enrolled. We obtained informed consent, and basic demographic data. We also conducted visual acuity, a detailed slit lamp examination, intra-ocular pressure, corneal diameter, tear-film break-up time, keratometry, A-scan, and pachymetry on all participants. A confocal microscope Heidelberg HRT3 was used to examine the central cornea and to obtain the mean cell density (cells/mm). To calculate the proportion of low endothelial cell density, descriptive statistics were used, whereas correlates of endothelial cell density were assessed, using linear regression analyses.
RESULTS
We evaluated a total of 798 eyes of 404 participants aged between 18 and 90 years (males = 187, females = 217). The average endothelial cell density was 2763.6 cells/mm, and there was a decrease in endothelial cell density with increasing age, irrespective of gender. There was no significant difference in endothelial cell density between males and females. Increasing age (adjusted coefficient - 10.1, p < 0.001), history of smoking (adjusted coefficient - 439.6, p = 0.004), history of ocular surgery (adjusted coefficient - 168.0, p = 0.023), having dry eye (adjusted coefficient - 136.0, p = 0.051), and having arcus senilis (adjusted coefficient - 132.0, p = 0.08), were correlated with lower endothelial cell density. However, increasing corneal diameter (adjusted coefficient 134.0, p = 0.006), increasing central corneal thickness (adjusted coefficient 1.2, p = 0.058), and increasing axial length (adjusted coefficient 65.8, p = 0.026), were correlated with higher endothelial cell density. We found five eyes (0.63%) from different participants with a low endothelial cell density (< 1000cells/mm).
CONCLUSION
Our study established baseline normal ranges of ECD in a predominantly black African population, and found that low ECD is rare in our population. The elderly, smokers, and those with past ocular surgery are the most vulnerable. The low prevalence could be due to a lack of reference values for the black African population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Female; Male; Humans; Adolescent; Young Adult; Middle Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Uganda; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cornea; Hospitals; Endothelial Cells
PubMed: 38616259
DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03435-4