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The Journal of Experimental Medicine Feb 1965Experimental autoimmunity was produced in rabbits following injection of altered homologous thyroglobulin. The thyroglobulin was altered by coupling to chemically...
Experimental autoimmunity was produced in rabbits following injection of altered homologous thyroglobulin. The thyroglobulin was altered by coupling to chemically defined haptens and by heating. With some preparations antibody to native thyroglobulin as well as thyroid lesions were produced. Injections of thyroglobulin coupled to the diazonium derivatives of arsanilic acid and sulfanilic acid were effective when given in either soluble form or incorporated into incomplete Freund's adjuvant) while injections of the same preparations precipitated by alum had relatively little effect on production of antibody or induction of lesions. The injection of native thyroglobulin in soluble form, incorporated into incomplete adjuvant or precipitated by alum usually resulted in production of little or no antibody and only rarely in the formation of lesions. The injection of a heterologous thyroglobulin into rabbits resulted in the production of antibody reacting with both the heterologous and rabbit thyroglobulin, but no thyroid lesions were observed.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Formation; Autoantibodies; Autoimmunity; Freund's Adjuvant; Immunization; Injections; Lipids; Rabbits; Research; Thyroglobulin; Thyroid Gland; Thyroiditis; Vaccination
PubMed: 14264273
DOI: 10.1084/jem.121.2.289 -
Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy Jan 1985The in vitro activities of 47 antimicrobial agents against 30 isolates of Campylobacter species from pigs were determined by the agar dilution technique. The isolates...
The in vitro activities of 47 antimicrobial agents against 30 isolates of Campylobacter species from pigs were determined by the agar dilution technique. The isolates were obtained from pigs with proliferative enteritis and included 10 strains each of Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter sputorum subsp. mucosalis, and "Campylobacter hyointestinalis Gebhart et al." (this name is not on the Approved Lists). Carbadox, furazolidone, nitrofurantoin, gentamicin, and dimetridazole were the most active drugs, inhibiting all three Campylobacter species with a MIC for 50% of the isolates of 2 micrograms/ml or less. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, cefazolin, sulfachloropyridazine, novobiocin, vancomycin, sulfathiazole, cyclohexamide, bacitracin, p-arsanilic acid, and colistin were the least active, with MICs for 50% of the isolates ranging from 16 to greater than or equal to 128 micrograms/ml.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Culture Media; Enteritis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 3985597
DOI: 10.1128/AAC.27.1.55 -
Poultry Science Oct 1984Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet and antimicrobials on weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal weight, and Clostridium perfringens in the... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
Five experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet and antimicrobials on weight gain, feed efficiency, ileal weight, and Clostridium perfringens in the ileum of broiler chicks. In the first experiment, glucose, sucrose, and fructose were added to a semipurified diet and the results were compared with those from a practical corn and soybean meal diet. All of the diets were fed with and without bacitracin at a level of 55 ppm. Fructose resulted in the greatest depression in weight gain, followed by sucrose. Bacitracin significantly improved weight gain and feed efficiency of chicks fed the fructose, sucrose, and practical diets. Highly significant inverse correlations were obtained between ileal weight and weight gain and the number of C. perfringens in the ileum and weight gain. In other experiments bacitracin, penicillin, chlortetracycline, oxytetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, virginiamycin, lincomycin, bambermycins, and carbadox, all at a level of 55 ppm, improved weight gain and feed efficiency and significantly reduced the weight of the ileum and the number of C. perfringens in the ileum of chicks fed the practical diet. The antibacterial agents 3-nitro-4-hydroxy-phenylarsonic acid, arsanilic acid, furazolidone, and sulfathiazole had little to no effect on the 4 parameters evaluated. Virginiamycin and lincomycin at 16.5 and 4.4 ppm, respectively, were shown to be effective. In vitro activities of the antimicrobials against C. perfringens did not directly relate to in vivo activities and the effects on growth and feed efficiency. The results of these experiments support the concept of antimicrobials as growth permittants and provide further evidence for C. perfringens as a causative bacteria for growth depression.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacitracin; Body Weight; Chickens; Clostridium perfringens; Dietary Carbohydrates; Energy Metabolism; Food Additives; Fructose; Glucose; Ileum; Male; Organ Size; Sucrose
PubMed: 6093090
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0632036 -
Poultry Science Jan 1972
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Arsenic Poisoning; Body Weight; Calcium; Diet; Female; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Phosphorus; Poultry Diseases; Sodium; Tibia; Turkeys
PubMed: 4643540
DOI: 10.3382/ps.0510111 -
California Medicine Apr 1952Among the less commonly recognized clinical manifestations of intestinal and hepatic amebiasis are vague abdominal distress in the absence of diarrhea, symptoms like...
Among the less commonly recognized clinical manifestations of intestinal and hepatic amebiasis are vague abdominal distress in the absence of diarrhea, symptoms like those of peptic ulcer, and symptoms of a kind that may be ascribed to psychoneurosis. Hepatic amebiasis may be confused with other diseases affecting areas above or below the right diaphragm, such as cholecystitis, viral hepatitis, pneumonia or pleurisy. Adequate therapy in every case must include a course of a drug effective against hepatic involvement (chloroquine or emetine) and a drug effective against intestinal involvement (Diodoquin, Milibis, or carbarsone). Even in the absence of positive results of stool examinations, a course of antiamebic therapy is always justified as a diagnostic and therapeutic measure.
Topics: Amebiasis; Arsanilic Acid; Chloroquine; Cholecystitis; Diarrhea; Dysentery, Amebic; Emetine; Humans; Iodoquinol; Liver Abscess, Amebic; Pleurisy
PubMed: 14925826
DOI: No ID Found -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 1971Coupling of carboxypeptidase A crystals with diazotized arsanilic acid specifically labels tyrosine 248, an active-site residue of the enzyme. Many azophenols are yellow...
Coupling of carboxypeptidase A crystals with diazotized arsanilic acid specifically labels tyrosine 248, an active-site residue of the enzyme. Many azophenols are yellow and their zinc complexes are red; the "yellow" absorption spectrum of zinc arsanilazocarboxypeptidase crystals is characteristic of the arsanilazotyrosyl group, not of the zinc complex. This is consistent with the interpretation of x-ray data on native crystals of carboxypeptidase A, indicating that tyrosine 248 and the zinc atom are too far apart to form a complex. However, the enzyme in solution is red, denoting the formation of a complex between zinc and arsanilazotyrosine 248. The most likely interpretation of the data is that the orientation of arsanilazotyrosine 248 in solution and in the crystal is different. If the unlabeled tyrosine 248 of native carboxypeptidase undergoes similar changes, these data may bear upon the low activity of the enzyme in the crystalline state and on the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme based on the crystal structure. The opportunities for analogous spectrochemical studies of other, similar systems are pointed out.
Topics: Arsenicals; Azo Compounds; Binding Sites; Carboxypeptidases; Circular Dichroism; Crystallization; Diazonium Compounds; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Protein Conformation; Solutions; Tyrosine; Zinc; p-Azobenzenearsonate
PubMed: 5289887
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.68.10.2532 -
Journal of Applied Physiology... Jan 2008Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to create an imbalance in the vestibular inputs; thus it is possible that the simultaneously applied GVS obscures adequate...
Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is known to create an imbalance in the vestibular inputs; thus it is possible that the simultaneously applied GVS obscures adequate gravity-based inputs to the vestibular organs or modifies an input-output relationship of the vestibular system and then impairs the vestibular-mediated response. To examine this, arterial pressure (AP) response to gravitational change was examined in conscious rats with and without GVS. Free drop-induced microgravity and centrifugation-induced hypergravity were employed to elicit vestibular-mediated AP response. GVS itself induced pressor response in an intensity-dependent manner. This pressor response was completely abolished by vestibular lesion, suggesting that the GVS-induced response was mediated by the vestibular system. The pressor response to microgravity (35 +/- 3 mmHg) was significantly reduced by simultaneously applied GVS (19 +/- 1 mmHg), and pressor response to 3-G load was also significantly reduced by GVS. However, GVS had no effect on air jet-induced pressor response. The effects of GVS on pressor response to gravitational change were qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that caused by the vestibular lesion, effects of which were demonstrated in our previous studies (Gotoh TM, Fujiki N, Matsuda T, Gao S, Morita H. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 286: R25-R30, 2004; Matsuda T, Gotoh TM, Tanaka K, Gao S, Morita H. Brain Res 1028: 140-147, 2004; Tanaka K, Gotoh TM, Awazu C, Morita H. Neurosci Lett 397: 40-43, 2006). These results indicate that GVS reduced the vestibular-mediated pressor response to gravitational change but has no effect on the non-vestibular-mediated pressor response. Thus GVS might be employed for the acute interruption of the AP response to gravitational change.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arteries; Blood Pressure; Consciousness; Disease Models, Animal; Electric Stimulation; Hypergravity; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Vestibular Diseases; Vestibule, Labyrinth; Weightlessness Simulation
PubMed: 17916676
DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00454.2007 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Mar 1970A number of azobenzenearsonate (ABA) conjugates have been prepared and tested for ability to react with antibody, to sensitize for hapten-specific delayed...
A number of azobenzenearsonate (ABA) conjugates have been prepared and tested for ability to react with antibody, to sensitize for hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity and to induce hapten-specific unresponsiveness. All conjugates tested by in vitro or in vivo methods show a capacity to react with preformed antibody. Conjugates of L-amino acid polymers are immunogenic and induce tolerance. Conjugates of D-amino acid polymers or conjugates with high density of ABA groups are nonimmunogenic and fail to induce tolerance. Since paired D- and L-polymer conjugates react comparably with preformed antibody but differ markedly in tolerance induction, it is argued that combination with an antibody-like receptor molecule on the surface of an immune-competent cell is not a sufficient condition for tolerance. The lack of effectiveness of sterically crowded conjugates as well as D-polymer conjugates argues for a preliminary biologic "processing" of antigen necessary for induction of immunity or tolerance. Such a processing event might well involve enzymatic attack on the antigen.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Formation; Arsenicals; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance
PubMed: 5413329
DOI: 10.1084/jem.131.3.571 -
Proceedings of the National Academy of... Oct 1972Modification of carboxypeptidase A(gamma) crystals (Anson) with diazotized arsanilic acid specifically labels tyrosine 248; at pH 8.2 the modified enzyme gives yellow...
Modification of carboxypeptidase A(gamma) crystals (Anson) with diazotized arsanilic acid specifically labels tyrosine 248; at pH 8.2 the modified enzyme gives yellow crystals, but a red solution. It has been suggested that arsanilazotyrosine 248 forms a complex with the Zn cofactor accounting for the red color in solution, but that a complex is not formed in the crystal. However, the crystal structure of carboxypeptidase A(gamma) is unknown. We show here that crystals of carboxypeptidase A(alpha), whose crystal structure has been determined, are red both in solution and in the crystalline state (at pH 8.2) after modification with diazotized arsanilic acid. These new data are of importance in relating the structure in the crystalline state to the catalytic mechanisms, as based on the x-ray diffraction evidence. The activity of carboxypeptidase A in the crystal and in solution has a ratio of only 1/3 for the alpha form, in contrast to the ratio of 1/300 for the gamma form, with carbobenzoxyglycyl-L-phenylalanine as a substrate.A pH-jump experiment monitored by stopped-flow kinetics in a split-beam apparatus has revealed a single exponential rate when a solution of arsanilazotyrosine 248 carboxypeptidase A(alpha) at pH 6.7 (yellow) is increased to pH 8.5 (red). The rate constants obtained in this experiment are 6.1 sec(-1) at 3.0 mg/ml and 7.2 sec(-1) at 1.6 mg/ml concentration of enzyme.
Topics: Animals; Arsenicals; Azo Compounds; Carboxypeptidases; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Crystallography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Structural; Pancreas; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Tyrosine; Zinc; p-Azobenzenearsonate
PubMed: 4507609
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.69.10.2850 -
Acta Crystallographica. Section E,... May 2016In the structure of the brucinium salt of 4-amino-phenyl-arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid), systematically 2,3-dimeth-oxy-10-oxostrychnidinium 4-amino-phenyl-ar-son-ate...
In the structure of the brucinium salt of 4-amino-phenyl-arsonic acid (p-arsanilic acid), systematically 2,3-dimeth-oxy-10-oxostrychnidinium 4-amino-phenyl-ar-son-ate tetra-hydrate, (C23H27N2O4)[As(C6H7N)O2(OH)]·4H2O, the brucinium cations form the characteristic undulating and overlapping head-to-tail layered brucine substructures packed along [010]. The arsanilate anions and the water mol-ecules of solvation are accommodated between the layers and are linked to them through a primary cation N-H⋯O(anion) hydrogen bond, as well as through water O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds to brucinium and arsanilate ions as well as bridging water O-atom acceptors, giving an overall three-dimensional network structure.
PubMed: 27308034
DOI: 10.1107/S2056989016006691