-
Canadian Journal of Comparative... Jul 1965A 5 year history of swine dysentery and treatment has been described.In 1964, a severe outbreak diagnosed as Vibrionic dysentery in 166 litters farrowed from January -...
A 5 year history of swine dysentery and treatment has been described.In 1964, a severe outbreak diagnosed as Vibrionic dysentery in 166 litters farrowed from January - March caused a death loss of 30.3 per cent of the total number weaned. This outbreak was not checked with an organic arsenic, sodium arsanilate, which had previously been relatively effective.A subsequent farrow of 133 litters (June - August, 1964) was infected and again sodium arsanilate was ineffective. Microscopic examination of smears of representative fecal samples revealed the presence of a heavy concentration of vibrio-like organisms. Two test-barns, housing 140 and 172 pigs respectively, were treated with tylosin-tartrate, using one side of each barn as a control, while the other side was being treated. Subsequently, the control sides were treated. Both levels of tylosin used, 1 gm and 2 gm per U.S. gallon of water, resulted in the disappearance of fluid feces within 48 hours of treatment. Soft, granular feces were still present 6-9 days after the start of treatment at the 1 gm level, while in case of the 2 gm level of tylosin, all feces were normal on the third day after medication started. Microscopic examination of feces collected on the third day of treatment still revealed the presence of some vibrio-like organisms. However, these organisms could not be detected in examination of feces collected between 10 to 25 days after treatment. In this test there was no recurrence of dysentery.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antibiotics, Antitubercular; Arsanilic Acid; Drug Therapy; Dysentery; Feces; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponemal Infections; Tylosin; Veterinary Medicine; Vibrio
PubMed: 14300858
DOI: No ID Found -
Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research... Jul 1986Sodium arsanilate was fed to nondiarrhetic swine, previously exposed to and treated for swine dysentery, for the purpose of inducing them into developing a swine...
Sodium arsanilate was fed to nondiarrhetic swine, previously exposed to and treated for swine dysentery, for the purpose of inducing them into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea. From 40 to 100% of these swine in each pen had previously had a swine dysentery diarrhea. The isolate of Treponema hyodysenteriae in the diced colon which was used to expose the swine was resistant to sodium arsanilate. After an interim of no treatment for swine dysentery, sodium arsanilate was fed at a level of 220 parts per million for 21 days. Of the 14 pens containing swine fed sodium arsanilate, ten pens had one or more swine that developed a swine dysentery diarrhea while being fed sodium arsanilate. This was significantly (P less than 0.05) greater than the three pens that each had one pig that developed a swine dysentery diarrhea of 13 pens containing similar swine not fed sodium arsanilate during a comparable period. In the 14 pens containing swine fed sodium arsanilate, 14 swine were the first to develop a swine dysentery diarrhea since in four pens, two swine in each pen developed diarrhea within 24 hours of each other. This also was significantly (P less than 0.01) greater than the three swine in the ten pens not fed sodium arsanilate. From these results, it was theorized that sodium arsanilate excited the nondiarrhetic carrier into developing a swine dysentery diarrhea and that this phenomenon may have potential in identifying the carrier state.
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenicals; Carrier State; Dysentery; Swine; Swine Diseases; Treponemal Infections
PubMed: 3742372
DOI: No ID Found -
The Cornell Veterinarian Jul 1951
Topics: Animals; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenic; Bacitracin; Disease Outbreaks; Dysentery; Enteritis; Sulfamethazine; Sulfathiazoles; Swine; Therapies, Investigational
PubMed: 14849145
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Biological Chemistry Apr 1960
Topics: Arsanilic Acid; Proteins; Spectrophotometry
PubMed: 13836501
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Sep 1965Injections of various conjugates of arsanilic acid into newborn guinea pigs produced a specific tolerance in respect to subsequent development of hapten-specific delayed...
Immunochemical study of antigenic specificity in delayed hypersensitivity. IV. The production of unresponsiveness to delayed hypersensitivity with a single antigenic determinant.
Injections of various conjugates of arsanilic acid into newborn guinea pigs produced a specific tolerance in respect to subsequent development of hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity. In general, larger polyvalent conjugates produced longer lasting and more profound suppression of delayed sensitivity than did the smaller ones. Carrier injections alone were ineffective. At lower doses of conjugate, breakthrough of tolerance occurred first with animals immunized with the heterologous carrier conjugate. The duration of tolerance produced by injection of monovalent conjugates into neonates is in contrast to the transient inhibition produced by the same conjugates in previously sensitized animals, suggesting that different target cells may be involved in these two phenomena.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antigens; Arsenicals; Guinea Pigs; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Immunochemistry; Peptides; Serum Albumin; Serum Albumin, Bovine
PubMed: 5839283
DOI: 10.1084/jem.122.3.505 -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Jun 1963Delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs was produced by immunization. with a conjugate prepared by coupling diazotized arsanilic acid to polytyrosine. The resulting...
Delayed hypersensitivity in guinea pigs was produced by immunization. with a conjugate prepared by coupling diazotized arsanilic acid to polytyrosine. The resulting sensitivity could be demonstrated by skin test with conjugates prepared from a wide variety of tyrosine-containing proteins. Definite but smaller degrees of sensitivity could be induced with conjugates of proteins containing little or no tyrosine. The apparent absence of carrier-specificity is considered to be due to the narrowed range of immunologic response produced by immunization with polytyrosine-azobenzenearsonate. Injections of the hapten N-acetyltyrosine-azobenzenearsonate was found to suppress completely the delayed reaction attributable to the tyrosine-azobenzenearsonate group. The same hapten was only slightly effective in suppressing reactions in guinea pigs immunized with guinea pig serum albumin-azobenzenearsonate, suggesting that a broader range of specificities is involved with such antigens. Confirmation of such increased range of specificity attributable to antigenic determinants contributed by the carrier protein was obtained by desensitization studies with N-acetyltyrosine-azobenzenearsonate and guinea pig serum albumin-azobenzoate. While separately these materials produced only a slight decrease in skin reactivity to guinea pig serum albumin-azobenzenearsonate, the combination was found to give almost complete suppression.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Antigens; Arsenicals; Carrier Proteins; Epitopes; Guinea Pigs; Haptens; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunization; Peptides; Proteins; Serum Albumin; Skin Tests; Tyrosine
PubMed: 13929877
DOI: 10.1084/jem.117.6.909 -
Immunology Aug 1986Affinity maturation was studied by the analysis of the kinetics of the appearance of antibody subpopulations with different affinities during the immune response, using...
Affinity maturation was studied by the analysis of the kinetics of the appearance of antibody subpopulations with different affinities during the immune response, using an hapten-inhibition ELISA. The immune response in KLH-Ar-immunized A/J mice was used as a model system. Five antibody subpopulations of different affinity (10(3)-10(7) M-1) could be detected, the relative concentrations of which changed during affinity maturation. The high-affinity antibody subpopulations did not represent the major fraction at any stage during affinity maturation. The appearance of the highest affinity subpopulation (10(7) M-1), despite exhibiting relative concentrations no higher than 12%, produced an important increase in average affinity. On the other hand, its disappearance at the end of the maturation process could explain the average affinity decrease observed at this stage. Our results indicate that affinity maturation cannot be explained by the dominance of high-affinity clones, as proposed by Siskind & Benacerraf (1969). The increase in affinity could rather be due to the progressive appearance of low percentages of high-affinity clones, which are not present in the primary response and never become dominant.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Formation; Antigens; Arsanilic Acid; Arsenicals; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Hemocyanins; Kinetics; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains
PubMed: 3733154
DOI: No ID Found -
Immunology Jul 1967Adult guinea-pigs injected with a small monovalent conjugate of arsanilic acid, from 2 weeks before to the day of immunization, with hapten-conjugate in adjuvant show a...
Adult guinea-pigs injected with a small monovalent conjugate of arsanilic acid, from 2 weeks before to the day of immunization, with hapten-conjugate in adjuvant show a profound depression of hapten-specific delayed sensitivity. The same conjugate given 1–2 weeks after immunization is no longer effective. More than 95 per cent of the intravenously administered monovalent conjugate was found to be excreted in 5 days. Passively administered antibody was without effect on the subsequent development of the hapten-specific delayed sensitivity. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that the non-immunizing intravenous injection of monovalent conjugate is paralysing to precursor cells if given first, but that once these cells are engaged by adjuvant immunization they are no longer repressible but only transiently inhibitable, as long as high concentrations of monovalent conjugate remain in the circulation.
Topics: Animals; Arsenicals; Guinea Pigs; Haptens; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Male; Peptides; Tritium; Tyrosine
PubMed: 6027785
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Experimental Medicine Feb 1966Hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity was produced by immunization of guinea pigs with arsanilic acid conjugated to N-acetyltyrosine or other small aromatic...
Hapten-specific delayed hypersensitivity was produced by immunization of guinea pigs with arsanilic acid conjugated to N-acetyltyrosine or other small aromatic molecules. Such hapten-specific delayed sensitivity could be passively transferred by peritoneal exudate cells. While a conjugate made from a polymer of D-amino acids was ineffective in producing sensitization, the conjugate made with D-tyrosine was effective, suggesting that the inability of D-amino acid polymers to be broken down by enzymes might be bypassed by use of the monomer. The effectiveness of such monomers in producing delayed sensitivity, but not antibody production, is consistent with a hypothesis that different types of antigenic determinants are involved in the production of each.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Antigens; Arsenicals; Exudates and Transudates; Guinea Pigs; Haptens; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunochemistry; Peritoneum; Tyrosine
PubMed: 5905240
DOI: 10.1084/jem.123.2.229