-
Mycopathologia Oct 2023To investigate the current etiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of tinea capitis in children in Jilin Province.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the current etiological, diagnostic, and therapeutic characteristics of tinea capitis in children in Jilin Province.
METHODS
Sixty pediatric patients with tinea capitis were enrolled between August 2020 and December 2021. Data on calcofluor white (CFW) fluorescence microscopy, fungal culture, Wood's lamp examination, dermoscopy, treatment, and follow-up were collected and analyzed.
RESULTS
1. Of all the enrolled patients, 48 had a history of animal contact, mostly with cats and dogs. Fifty-one strains were isolated, of which 46 were Microsporum canis (M. canis). 2. All enrolled patients were examined using fluorescence microscopy, and 59 were positive. Forty-one cases of tinea alba were examined using Wood's lamp, and 38 were positive. Forty-two cases of tinea alba were examined using dermoscopy, and 39 demonstrated specific signs. Effective treatment manifested as a fading bright green fluorescence, decreased mycelial/spore load, reduced specific dermoscopic signs, and hair regrowth. 3. Treatment was terminated in 23 and 37 cases based on mycological and clinical cures, respectively. No recurrence occurred during follow-up.
CONCLUSION
1. M. canis is the predominant pathogen causing tinea capitis in children in Jilin Province. Animal contact is considered the main risk factor. 2. CFW fluorescence microscopy, Wood's lamp, and dermoscopy can be used to diagnose ringworms and follow-up patients. 3. Both mycological and clinical cures can be the endpoint of adequate treatment for tinea capitis.
Topics: Humans; Child; Animals; Cats; Dogs; Tinea Capitis; Microsporum; Hair; Tinea
PubMed: 37022619
DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00718-0 -
International Journal of Trichology 2017Tinea capitis is the most common pediatric superficial dermatophyte infection. The causative species vary, as for instance, Microsporum canis predominates in Europe,...
Tinea capitis is the most common pediatric superficial dermatophyte infection. The causative species vary, as for instance, Microsporum canis predominates in Europe, while Trichophyton tonsurans predominates in North America. Tinea capitis does not respond well to topical therapy alone, thus oral therapy is requisite. The drug of choice is griseofulvin; however in some countries, it is no longer available. Fungal culture should be requested in the persistent, scalp lesion and trichoscopy can put forward a speedy diagnosis by its characteristic findings. Scalp dermoscopy or "trichoscopy" represents a valuable, noninvasive technique for the evaluation of patients with hair loss due to tenia capitis. It is simple, quick, and easy to perform.
PubMed: 28839385
DOI: 10.4103/ijt.ijt_54_16 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia May 2023Dermatomycoses are common superficial cutaneous fungal infections which affect the skin, nails and human hairs. It affects 20 to 25% of the world population. The...
INTRODUCTION
Dermatomycoses are common superficial cutaneous fungal infections which affect the skin, nails and human hairs. It affects 20 to 25% of the world population. The causative fungus varies geographically across the globe. Study on dermatomycoses is crucial to identify the aetiological fungus involved locally. The study aimed to determine the causative fungus of superficial fungal infections of the skin, nail and hair in patients presented to Hospital Melaka.
METHODS
This was a prospective study conducted from 15th January 2022 till 15th October 2022 at Dermatology Clinic, Hospital Melaka. Subjects with clinical dermatomycoses were included in this study. The samples were collected from skin, nails and hairs clinically affected by tinea corporis/cruris/pedis, onychomycosis and tinea capitis respectively. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) study was performed on the sample in which the fungal hyphae/yeast positive subjects were sent for fungal culture and fungal PCR test.
RESULT
A total of 222 clinical samples from skin, nails and hairs with a clinical suspicion of dermatomycoses yielded fungal hyphae/yeast in KOH. Majority of the samples were collected from skin (138, 62.2%), followed by nails (65, 29.3%) and hairs (19, 8.6%). Male to female ratio was 1.18: 1. The age ranged from 2 to 87 with the median of 55.5-yearsold. Out of 222 samples, 150 (67.6%) were fungal culture positive. From fungal culture positive samples, 87 samples were from tinea corporis, 50 samples were from onychomycoses and 13 samples were from tinea capitis. Trichophyton rubrum (39, 44.8%) was the commonest dermatophyte isolated in tinea corporis/cruris/pedis. Nondermatophyte moulds (NDM, 35, 70%) were the main fungi isolated in onychomycosis. Microsporum canis (7/53.8%) was the principal causative fungus among patients with tinea capitis. Among 150 fungal culture positive samples, 76 were fungal PCR positive. Only 38 samples consistently isolated same fungal species in both fungal culture and PCR test.
CONCLUSION
Majority of tinea corporis and tinea capitis fungal culture isolated dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis, respectively. Non-dermatophyte moulds were mainly isolated in onychomycosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Onychomycosis; Prospective Studies; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Tinea; Tinea Capitis; Hospitals
PubMed: 37271847
DOI: No ID Found -
Veterinary Journal (London, England :... Aug 2014Animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. As a result, animals rescued from hoarding...
Animal hoarders accumulate animals in over-crowded conditions without adequate nutrition, sanitation, and veterinary care. As a result, animals rescued from hoarding frequently have a variety of medical conditions including respiratory infections, gastrointestinal disease, parasitism, malnutrition, and other evidence of neglect. The purpose of this study was to characterize the infectious diseases carried by clinically affected cats and to determine the prevalence of retroviral infections among cats in large-scale cat hoarding investigations. Records were reviewed retrospectively from four large-scale seizures of cats from failed sanctuaries from November 2009 through March 2012. The number of cats seized in each case ranged from 387 to 697. Cats were screened for feline leukemia virus (FeLV) and feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) in all four cases and for dermatophytosis in one case. A subset of cats exhibiting signs of upper respiratory disease or diarrhea had been tested for infections by PCR and fecal flotation for treatment planning. Mycoplasma felis (78%), calicivirus (78%), and Streptococcus equi subspecies zooepidemicus (55%) were the most common respiratory infections. Feline enteric coronavirus (88%), Giardia (56%), Clostridium perfringens (49%), and Tritrichomonas foetus (39%) were most common in cats with diarrhea. The seroprevalence of FeLV and FIV were 8% and 8%, respectively. In the one case in which cats with lesions suspicious for dermatophytosis were cultured for Microsporum canis, 69/76 lesional cats were culture-positive; of these, half were believed to be truly infected and half were believed to be fomite carriers. Cats from large-scale hoarding cases had high risk for enteric and respiratory infections, retroviruses, and dermatophytosis. Case responders should be prepared for mass treatment of infectious diseases and should implement protocols to prevent transmission of feline or zoonotic infections during the emergency response and when transferring the rescued cats to other shelters or to adopters.
Topics: Animal Welfare; Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Florida; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Housing, Animal; Male; Pennsylvania; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Prevalence; Respiratory Tract Infections; Retroviridae Infections; Seroepidemiologic Studies
PubMed: 24934262
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2014.05.020 -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2024is a widely distributed dermatophyte, which is among the main etiological agents of dermatophytosis in humans and domestic animals. This fungus invades, colonizes and... (Review)
Review
is a widely distributed dermatophyte, which is among the main etiological agents of dermatophytosis in humans and domestic animals. This fungus invades, colonizes and nourishes itself on the keratinized tissues of the host through various virulence factors. This review will bring together the known information about the mechanisms, enzymes and their associated genes relevant to the pathogenesis processes of the fungus and will provide an overview of those virulence factors that should be better studied to establish effective methods of prevention and control of the disease. Public databases using the MeSH terms "", "virulence factors" and each individual virulence factor were reviewed to enlist a series of articles, from where only original works in English and Spanish that included relevant information on the subject were selected. Out of the 147 articles obtained in the review, 46 were selected that reported virulence factors for in a period between 1988 and 2023. The rest of the articles were discarded because they did not contain information on the topic (67), some were written in different languages (3), and others were repeated in two or more databases (24) or were not original articles (7). The main virulence factors in are keratinases, fungilisins and subtilisins. However, less commonly reported are biofilms or dipeptidylpeptidases, among others, which have been little researched because they vary in expression or activity between strains and are not considered essential for the infection and survival of the fungus. Although it is known that they are truly involved in resistance, infection and metabolism, we recognize that their study could strengthen the knowledge of the pathogenesis of with the aim of achieving effective treatments, as well as the prevention and control of infection.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Virulence Factors; Microsporum; Animals, Domestic; Subtilisins
PubMed: 38473782
DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052533 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2018Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytic fungi of genera and are the most important fungal species causing tinea capitis. Choice of treatment for tinea capitis is determined by the species of fungus.
AIM
The aim of the study was to investigate the most prevalent fungal species causing tinea capitis in children from Egypt and the most useful antifungal agent for treatment.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
A total of 100 patients diagnosed clinically with tinea capitis were included in the study. Samples were collected and sent to the microbiology and immunology laboratory for sample processing and fungal identification by routine laboratory techniques. A study of antifungal susceptibility to chosen antifungal medications (fluconazole, ketoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, amphotericin, caspofungin, itraconazole, terbinafine, and griseofulvin) was done by minimum inhibitory concentration technique.
RESULTS
Our analysis revealed that is the most commonly isolated strain. Amphotericin was the most effective antifungal agent followed by terbinafine. The most sensitive strain to fluconazole and griseofulvin is , while was mostly responsive to terbinafine.
CONCLUSION
Identification and evaluation of the antifungal susceptibility of the pathogenic species in a certain geographic region is important to achieve a good clinical response.
PubMed: 29692458
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.IJD_519_17 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Aug 2020Dermatophytes are filamentous keratinophilic fungi which affect nails, skin, and hair. Their variable distribution in the world justifies local epidemiological studies....
Dermatophytes are filamentous keratinophilic fungi which affect nails, skin, and hair. Their variable distribution in the world justifies local epidemiological studies. During recent decades, few studies have been published regarding the epidemiology and etiology of dermatophytosis in Romania. The aim of this study was to identify the dermatophytes isolated from superficial fungal infections. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first such study conducted in the area of North-Western Romania. Over the past four years, samples collected from outpatients with suggestive lesions for dermatophytoses (nails, skin, hair), who addressed several private practice dermatologists from Cluj-Napoca, Romania, were sent to a specialized laboratory and examined by microscopy and culture. A total of 350 samples from 322 patients were examined. One hundred samples (28.6%) collected from 90 patients (27.9%) were positive by direct microscopy and/or culture. Among the 63 positive cultures (18%), 44 dermatophytes (69.8%), 2 molds (3.2%), and 17 yeasts (27%) were isolated. The main dermatophyte species identified were (mostly from onychomycosis) and (from tinea capitis and tinea corporis in children). Yeasts ( species) were isolated from nails, especially from women.
PubMed: 32872110
DOI: 10.3390/jof6030154 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 1999Dermatomycosis including dermatophytosis, sporotrichosis and cryptococcosis commonly occurs in humans and animals all and are considered to be zoonotic diseases.... (Review)
Review
Dermatomycosis including dermatophytosis, sporotrichosis and cryptococcosis commonly occurs in humans and animals all and are considered to be zoonotic diseases. Recently, human cases of dermatophytosis transmitted from animals are increasing in number due to changes in the environments of human and animal life. Three species of dermatophytes, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes and T. verrucosum are the most important pathogens from animal to human, respectively. Therefore, it is necessary to understand their biological and ecological characteristics to correctly diagnose and treat the disease. Some human cases of sporotrichosis and cryptococcosis were reported to be transmitted from animals in Europe and America, suggesting that medical doctors should be careful in taking the history of human patients with reference to their contacts with animals. Close cooperation between medical and veterinary doctors is required in clinical studies on mycotic infection.
Topics: Animals; Cat Diseases; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Zoonoses
PubMed: 9929576
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.40.9 -
Veterinary World Dec 2020Long-haired cats may have an increased risk of dermatophytosis due to insufficient grooming and their thick hair coat trapping fungal spores. The prevalence of...
BACKGROUND AND AIM
Long-haired cats may have an increased risk of dermatophytosis due to insufficient grooming and their thick hair coat trapping fungal spores. The prevalence of subclinical dermatophytosis in long-haired cats was evaluated using fungal culture and Wood's lamp test. Hematology and blood chemistry results were compared between cats negative and positive for dermatophytosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 127 cats (median age, 3 years [range, 10 months-10 years]) without feline leukemia virus or feline immunodeficiency virus infection were classified into short-haired (n=64) and long-haired (n=63) groups. Hair samples were cultured on a fungal culture medium (dermatophyte test medium, enhanced sporulation agar, and Sabouraud agar).
RESULTS
The prevalence of dermatophytosis in short-haired and long-haired cats was 6.25% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.15-12.28) and 34.92% (95% CI, 22.94-46.90), respectively. The odds of long-haired cats having dermatophytosis were 8.05 (95% CI, 2.44-33.97) times greater than that in short-haired cats. The number of positive dermatophytosis found in domestic short-haired cats (2/50, 4.0%) was significantly lower than that in Persian cats (17/47, 36.17%; p<0.001) and long-haired mixed breed cats (3/7, 42.86%; p=0.011). The overall sensitivity and specificity of the Wood's lamp test for diagnosing infection were 37.5% (95% CI, 21.2-57.3%) and 96.1% (95% CI, 90.4-98.5%), respectively. Cats with dermatophytosis had significantly lower hematocrit and serum albumin levels than cats without dermatophytosis.
CONCLUSION
Subclinical dermatophytosis was more common in long-haired cats; therefore, dermatophyte examinations should be performed routinely.
PubMed: 33488001
DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2020.2798-2805 -
Biosensors Aug 2022Dermatophytosis, an infectious disease caused by several fungi, can affect the hair, nails, and/or superficial layers of the skin and is of global significance. The most...
Dermatophytosis, an infectious disease caused by several fungi, can affect the hair, nails, and/or superficial layers of the skin and is of global significance. The most common dermatophytes in cats and dogs are and . Wood's lamp examination, microscopic identification, and fungal culture are the conventional clinical diagnostic methods, while PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and qPCR (Quantitative PCR) are playing an increasingly important role in the identification of dermatophytes. However, none of these methods could be applied to point-of-care testing (POCT). The recent development of the CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) based diagnostic platform promises a rapid, accurate, and portable diagnostic tool. In this paper, we present a Cas12a-fluorescence assay to detect and differentiate the main dermatophytes in clinical samples with high specificity and sensitivity. The Cas12a-based assay was performed with a combination of recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA). The results could be directly visualized by naked eyes under blue light, and all tested samples were consistent with fungal culture and sequencing results. Compared with traditional methods, the RPA-Cas12a-fluorescence assay requires less time (about 30 min) and less complicated equipment, and the visual changes can be clearly observed with naked eyes, which is suitable for on-site clinical diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Arthrodermataceae; CRISPR-Cas Systems; Cats; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Hair; Recombinases
PubMed: 36005032
DOI: 10.3390/bios12080636