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Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022Dermatophytes are the group of keratinophilic fungi that cause superficial cutaneous infection, which traditionally belong to the genera , , and . Dermatophyte infection...
Dermatophytes are the group of keratinophilic fungi that cause superficial cutaneous infection, which traditionally belong to the genera , , and . Dermatophyte infection is not only a threat to the health of small animals, but also an important zoonotic and public health issue because of the potential transmission from animals to humans. Rabbit dermatophytosis is often clinically identified; however, limited information was found in Asia. The aims of this study are to investigate the prevalence and to evaluate the risk factors of dermatophytosis in pet rabbits in Northern Taiwan. Between March 2016 and October 2018, dander samples of pet rabbits were collected for fungal infection examination by Wood's lamp, microscopic examination (KOH preparation), fungal culture, and PCR assay (molecular identification). Z test and Fisher's exact test were performed to evaluate the potential risk factors, and logistic regression analysis was then performed to build the model of risk factors related to dermatophyte infection. Of the collected 250 dander samples of pet rabbits, 29 (11.6%) samples were positive for dermatophytes by molecular identification. In those samples, 28 samples were identified as the complex and 1 sample was identified as . Based on the results of the Firth's bias reduction logistic analyses, animal source (rabbits purchased from pet shops) and number of rearing rabbits (three rabbits or more) were shown as the main risks for dermatophyte infection in the pet rabbits in Taiwan. The results of the present study elucidate the prevalence of rabbit dermatophyte infection, pathogens, and risk factors in Taiwan, and provide an important reference for the prevention and control of rabbit dermatophytosis.
PubMed: 35736110
DOI: 10.3390/jof8060627 -
PloS One 2018This work describes the production of lipases from endophytic fungi: Vermisporium-like, Emericella nidulans, Dichotomophtora portulacae and D. boerhaaviae and the...
This work describes the production of lipases from endophytic fungi: Vermisporium-like, Emericella nidulans, Dichotomophtora portulacae and D. boerhaaviae and the biological activity against the dermatophyte fungi Malassezia sp and Microsporum canis and the parasite Leishmania amazonensis. All fungal enzymes extract showed lipolysis action in the media that contains long carbon chain lipids. The proteomic analysis of lipases exhibits several molecules mostly ranging in size from 220 to 20 kDa, with clear differences in protein profile's yield. All fungal enzymes were competent to eliminate promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis at 5 mg.mL-1. The antileishmanial activity of lipases from Vermisporium-like, E. nidulans, D. portulacae and D. boerhaaviae in amastigote forms, promoted the reduction in viability of 78.88, 39.65, 63.17 and 98.13%, with selectivity index of 19.56, 30.68, 18.09 and 20.99. In relation to antifungal activity, Dichothomophtora enzymes demonstrate best action with MFC of 14.65 μg.mL-1 against Malassezia sp and Microsporum canis, respectively. These results allow us to infer that lipases from entophytic fungi displays activity against dermatophyte fungi (Malassezia sp. and Microsporum canis) as well as Leishmania.
Topics: Animals; Antifungal Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Arthrodermataceae; Complex Mixtures; Emericella; Fungal Proteins; Leishmania; Lipase; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C
PubMed: 29912872
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196796 -
Nihon Ishinkin Gakkai Zasshi = Japanese... 2006A statistical 30-year study of dermatomycosis in Sendai National Hospital (1968-1997) revealed many changes in the prevalent diseases: Tinea pedis and tinea unguium... (Review)
Review
A statistical 30-year study of dermatomycosis in Sendai National Hospital (1968-1997) revealed many changes in the prevalent diseases: Tinea pedis and tinea unguium constantly increased during this period, and the ratio of the former associated with nail infection finally reached 30% of all tinea pedis patients. On the contrary, tinea corporis and cruris showed a remarkable decreasing tendency. Patient age distribution of each disease also showed distinctive changes, generally increasing in the older generation and decreasing in the younger. The number of patients with tinea pedis and unguium gradually increased among the middle and older generations, with the peak of the age-distribution curve shifting upward year after year. On the other hand, cases of tinea cruris among the younger generation were few in the latest years, and middle-age patients remained at a low number. In the first stage of this study the kinds of atiologic dermatophytes consisted of multiple species, but after middle period the isolation of Epidermaphyton floccosum decreased. Microsporum canis appeared first in 1976 but in the recent several years has completely disappeared. In the last few years of the period studied Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes were the only isolates found from among all types of dermatophytoses. Infantile candidiasis remarkably increased in 1970-1975 but thereafter decreased rapidlly. Candidial intertrigo also increased in the same period but did not decrease as much thereafter and continued at the same intermediate level. The number of other types of candidiases were not greatly changed throughout the 30-year period. Malassezia infection also showed no remarkable changes, and only 20 cases of sporothrichosis were found. One case of the deep seated form of cutaneous aspergillosis was found, and this was also true of chromomycosis caused by Fonceaea pedrosoi.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Candidiasis; Dermatomycoses; Hospitals; Humans; Japan; Malassezia; Sporotrichosis; Tinea Pedis
PubMed: 16465134
DOI: 10.3314/jjmm.47.5 -
Annals of Dermatology Apr 2020Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. Although tinea capitis in Korea is controlled by oral antifungal medications and...
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis is a cutaneous infection of dermatophytes and predominant in children. Although tinea capitis in Korea is controlled by oral antifungal medications and concerted public health initiatives, it's still a health issue.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate changes in the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of adult patients with tinea capitis in southeastern Korea.
METHODS
Using medical records from Kyungpook National University Hospital and Catholic Skin Clinic from 1989 to 2018, we retrospectively investigated the epidemiological and mycological characteristics of 266 adult patients (aged over 20) with tinea capitis.
RESULTS
Among total 266 patients, 239 were KOH-positive. The annual incidence of tinea capitis ranged from 3 to 18 between 1989 and 2018. Of the total, 54 (20.30%) were male and 212 (79.70%) were female. Eighty patients (30.08%) were in their seventies, the most commonly affected age group. Of the remaining, 58 (21.80%) were in their sixties, and 41 (15.41%) in eighties. Among all, 77 (28.95%) visited the hospital in summer, 72 (27.07%) in spring, 64 (24.06%) in winter, and 53 (19.92%) in fall. Dermatophytes were cultured from 171 patients. was the most common dermatophyte (42.48%), while was the second (15.79%). Of the 266 patients, 186 (69.92%) lived in urban areas and 80 (30.08%) in rural areas.
CONCLUSION
The epidemiological and mycological characteristics of adult patients with tinea capitis were different from those of children in terms of annual incidence, sex distribution, and isolated dermatophytes. These results provide useful information for the treatment and prevention of tinea capitis.
PubMed: 33911721
DOI: 10.5021/ad.2020.32.2.109 -
Veterinary Sciences Jan 2022Dermatophytosis is a disease caused by dermatophytes, a group of fungi that can cause disease both in humans and animals. The important genera that are pathogenic in...
Dermatophytosis is a disease caused by dermatophytes, a group of fungi that can cause disease both in humans and animals. The important genera that are pathogenic in animals include and is an important species because it can cause zoonosis and is commonly found in domestic animals. Cats, which live very close to humans, may expose humans to this pathogen. This research focused on the epidemiology of found in cats. Hair samples were collected via the Mackenzie technique from cats with and without skin lesions, preliminarily examined with 10% KOH preparation, and cultured for fungal identification. Samples were confirmed with molecular techniques including polymerase chain reaction, gel electrophoresis, and sequencing. Samples were collected from 138 cats located in 93 households, 43 from cats with skin lesions (31.16%) and 95 from cats without skin lesions (68.84%). Eighteen cats with lesions (13.04%) and ten cats without lesions (7.2%) were found to carry . In eleven of the eighteen cats both with skin lesions and positive for (61.11%), the pathogen was found both at the site of the lesion and at other sites in the body. Because the pathogen can be found in the hair of cats with and without skin lesions, owners, keepers, veterinarians, and others who come into contact with these animals are at risk of infection if they are not aware or do not take precautions after contact with them.
PubMed: 35051105
DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9010021 -
Journal of Traditional and... Oct 2017fruits are used traditionally as a spice in various food preparations. The aim of this study was analysis of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and...
fruits are used traditionally as a spice in various food preparations. The aim of this study was analysis of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial activity. The crude extract showed 86 ± 10% antifungal activity (Agar tube dilution method) against while n-hexane, chloroform, and aqueous-methanol fractions inhibited this pathogen by 90 ± 7, 85 ± 10 and 70 ± 9% respectively. The n-hexane and aqueous-methanol fraction also, respectively, showed 40 ± 10 and 87 ± 9% inhibition of . Chloroform fraction also displayed antifungal activity against (60 ± 10%) and aqueous-methanol fraction against (40 ± 8%). The crude ethanolic extract and its chloroform and aqueous-methanol fraction exhibited significant toxicity (Brine shrimps lethality assay) against brine shrimps having LC value of 6.66 ± 1.1, 21.4 ± 3.3 and 29.6 ± 3.9 μg/ml, respectively. The crude ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion exhibited good anti-leishmanial activity (well serial dilution method) each having IC values of 50 ± 5 μg/ml. The crude extract and various fractions possessed excellent herbicidal activity ( assay), and caused more than 90% inhibition of the plant growth at 1000 μg/mL. The ethanolic extract, n-hexane and chloroform soluble portions caused 90% mortality in insecticidal activity (direct contact method) of . The ethanolic extract and its n-hexane soluble portion, respectively, caused 80 and 90% mortality of . The present study showed that the tested fruit extracts of exhibited strong antifungal, cytotoxic, phytotoxic, insecticidal, and anti-leishmanial effects.
PubMed: 29034201
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcme.2017.01.006 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic...
The treatment of dermatophytoses, the most common human fungal infections, requires new alternatives. The aim of this study was to determine the antidermatophytic activity of the aqueous Azorean Black Tea extract (ABT), together with an approach to the mechanisms of action. The phytochemical analysis of ABT extract was performed by HPLC. The dermatophytes susceptibility was assessed using a broth microdilution assay; potential synergies with terbinafine and griseofulvin were evaluated by the checkerboard assay. The mechanism of action was appraised by the quantification of the fungal cell wall chitin and β-1,3-glucan, and by membrane ergosterol. The presence of ultrastructural modifications was studied by Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The ABT extract contained organic and phenolic acids, flavonoids, theaflavins and alkaloids. It showed an antidermatophytic effect, with MIC values of 250 µg/mL for , 125 µg/mL for and 500 µg/mL for ; at these concentrations, the extract was fungicidal. An additive effect of ABT in association to terbinafine on these three dermatophytes was observed. The ABT extract caused a significant reduction in β-1,3-glucan content, indicating the synthesis of this cell wall component as a possible target. The present study identifies the antidermatophytic activity of the ABT and highlights its potential to improve the effectiveness of conventional topical treatment currently used for the management of skin or mucosal fungal infections.
Topics: Humans; Antifungal Agents; Terbinafine; Camellia sinensis; Tea; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Arthrodermataceae; Fungicides, Industrial; Plant Extracts; Mycoses; Trichophyton
PubMed: 38067505
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237775 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022is a Mediterranean endemic plant commonly known as "Zaïtra" in northern Morocco. As is widely used in traditional medicine and food, this present work aims to...
is a Mediterranean endemic plant commonly known as "Zaïtra" in northern Morocco. As is widely used in traditional medicine and food, this present work aims to investigate the chemical compositions and biological activities of the leaves essential oil (TcLEO), acetonic (TcLAE), and methanolic extract (TcLME). The spectrophotometric determination demonstrated that is a natural source rich in phenolic contents (TPC) and flavonoid contents (TFC) and that TcLME revealed the highest TPC and TFC than TcLAE and TcLEO. The LC-MS analysis of phenolic compounds showed that paraben acid was predominant in both TcLME and TcLAE, followed by cinnamic acid and -hydroxybenzoic acid. GC-MS analysis of the TcLEO revealed the presence of a total of 10 compounds, which were predominated by carvacrol. The antioxidant activity by ORAC was observed to be significantly higher in TcLEO and TcLAE than in TcLME. All samples used to assess DNA degradation effectively prevented DNA oxidation and, at the same time, had a prooxidant effect. The genotoxicity test showed that the were devoid of any mutagenic activity. Concerning antifungal activity, all samples were able to inhibit the growth of all microorganisms tested at low concentrations. TcLAE showed higher activity than TcLME, and in general, dermatophytes were more susceptible, being the most sensitive one. Overall, the results obtained from this study confirm the wide uses of . Furthermore, the finding results suggest that the essential oil and extracts can be highly useful for pharmaceutical industries.
PubMed: 35625325
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11050681 -
Indian Journal of Dermatology 2022Dermatophytosis is a common global superficial mycosis caused by a group of keratinophilic moulds known as dermatophytes that invade the skin and keratinized tissues...
BACKGROUND
Dermatophytosis is a common global superficial mycosis caused by a group of keratinophilic moulds known as dermatophytes that invade the skin and keratinized tissues such as hair and nails of humans and animals. This study takes identification of a collection of clinical dermatophyte isolates by using partial sequencing of translation elongation factor-1α () gene aiming both to update the epidemiological status of dermatophytosis in Mashhad, Northeastern Iran and to corroborate the efficacy of for species-level identification of dermatophytes.
METHOD
The demographic data related to 87 culture-positive dermatophytes isolated from patients clinically suspected to have dermatophytosis were collected. The dermatophyte isolates were subjected to a partial polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-sequencing of gene by using specific pan-dermatophyte primers. The data were analysed by SeqMan software, the sequences were compared and aligned with the GenBank database and the isolates were identified.
RESULTS
Identification based on partial sequence was successful for all isolates. The identified dermatophyte isolates in decreasing order were as 19 (22%), 19 (22%), 13 (15%), 10 (11.5%), 9 (10.3%), 7 (8%), 5 (5.7%), 2 (2.2%), 2 (2.2%) and 1 (1.1%). The isolates have been associated with clinical forms of tinea corporis ( = 38; 43.7%), tinea faciei ( = 13; 15%), tinea cruris ( = 12; 13.9%), tinea manuum ( = 7; 8%), tinea unguium ( = 7; 8%), tinea capitis ( = 7; 8%) and tinea pedis ( = 3; 3.4%).
CONCLUSION
Dermatophytosis has yet remained a public health problem in Northeastern Iran, and infection with new and less frequent species, e.g., , and have emerged. The gene partial sequencing reconfirmed the resolution power of this locus for the determination of species boundaries in dermatophytes.
PubMed: 36092243
DOI: 10.4103/ijd.ijd_573_21 -
Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences May 2024Camels are highly suited for severe desert conditions and able to provide most of the natural products like urine, which has been used as alternative medicine to treat... (Review)
Review
Camels are highly suited for severe desert conditions and able to provide most of the natural products like urine, which has been used as alternative medicine to treat diverse infections and disorders. There is, however, a shortage and paucity of scientific reviews highlighting the antifungal, antibacterial and antiviral effects of camel urine. By better understanding its antimicrobial characteristics, our overarching aim is to provide an exhaustive overview of this valuable natural product by synthesizing and summarizing data on the efficacy of this biofluid and also describing the potential substances exhibiting antimicrobial properties. We searched three databases in order to point out relevant articles (Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar) until December 2022. Research articles of interest evaluating the antimicrobial effects of camel urine were selected. Overall, camel urine furnished promising antibacterial activities against gram-positive bacteria, namely (30 mm), (22 mm), (25 mm) and (21 mm), as well as gram-negative bacteria, especially and spp., without forgetting its efficiency on as well. The excretion also showed its potency against H1N1 virus, vesicular stomatitis virus and middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus. Similarly, the camel urine featured strong antifungal activity against and dermatophytes with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 0.625 μg/ml against , 2.5 μg/ml against and 1.25 μg/ml against and . This comprehensive review will be valuable for researchers interested in investigating the potential of camel urine in the development of novel broad-spectrum key molecules targeting a wide range of drug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms.
PubMed: 38495380
DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2024.103966